Pole egumbini: Technology, irekhodi

Namuhla emidlalweni eminingi ngokushesha kuyanda. Ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe esiza abantu emhlabeni wonke ukuba ulandele mncintiswano. Ezemidlalo kuthuthukisa impilo, rejuvenates futhi ukunika ajabule.

Ubani elibamba imincintiswano ehlukahlukene kwezemidlalo, okuyinto asanda egumbini isigxobo. Kubonakala sengathi abasubathi fly emoyeni. Yiqiniso, lokhu akunjalo, kodwa inqubo e isigxobo egumbini kunzima kakhulu.

Wonke umuntu ukhumbula omkhulu uSergei Bubka, irekhodi liyagcinwa iminyaka eminingi. Phakathi kwabesifazane, njengomngane wangempela. ubuhlakani isigxobo egumbini Yelena Isinbayeva kuyinto kabani impumelelo zabanye abadlali kanye awabashayi. Ngemva kokubeletha, waphindela ezemidlalo.

Ngakho Uzenza kanjani ilungelo isigxobo egumbini? Uyini umlando walo mdlalo ezithakazelisayo futhi emuhle? Kunzima kangakanani egumbini pole, ogama imishini usalokhu uyimfihlakalo abantu abaningi?

ukubukeka

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka incazelo art kokwenza gxuma, udinga ukuqaqa umlando lo mdlalo. Okuningi e ambalwa eminyaka BC. e. emikhosini ehlukahlukene kwentsha ubungazwa ngale ndlela. Nokho, le misebenzi ayikwazanga ngokuthi ukweqa. Kuphela ngo-1866 imincintiswano kuqala egumbini isigxobo Kwakuseshwa eNgilandi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-winner kwaba Wöhler, abanqoba uphawu 3 m. Ngo-1896, egumbini isigxobo elahlanganiswa Uhlelo yama-Olympic, futhi American Hite ngonyaka ofanayo safinyelela imiphumela 3.30 m, futhi irekhodi elisha. Isigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthuka mdlalo isidlulile leholele isigxobo bamboo. Lesi sitshalo unezimfanelo ezinhle, isibonelo, kuba kahle entwasahlobo, waphoqa abasubathi ukukhuphuka ngisho ephakeme. Ngo-1908, i-Wright iwine uphawu 4 m. Yi kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe irekhodi 402 cm. Leli rekhodi ukuze gxuma eliphezulu ne nesigxobo aphethwe, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside.

ukuthuthukiswa

A kwalokho entsha kwaba ukusetshenziswa imigodi ekhethekile. Kwakungekhona revolution mdlalo, kodwa kuye kwanezela ukusungulwa amarekhodi entsha. Ngo-1924, imithetho bakwazi ukusetshenziswa ebhokisini elikhethekile, okuyinto yenza umsebenzi esifana ekhosombeni. Bamboo isigxobo siqhutshwa kuya ku-1945. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla kuye ayikwazanga ukutholakala, ngakho irekhodi 4,77 amamitha Waboshwa iminyaka 15, bese ulufaka Gitovski ngcono umphumela ngo-1 cm ngo-1957. Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-3 Bragg iwine uphawu 4,80 m.

ESoviet Union kule Iminyaka yangemva kwempi ukuthuthukiswa zonke ezemidlalo, yayiphumula futhi egumbini isigxobo. Photo zemihla ngasinda nezithombe abasubathi yesimanje ungabona ngezansi esihlokweni.

Umfutho eduze ekuthuthukiseni umdlalo kwaba ukwethulwa fiberglass izingongolo, okuyinto ngempela ushintshe kuzuba. Kwakumelwe ukuxegiselwa kakhulu futhi eziqinile, bamboo kuba zazivame nabagijimi abalimala. Futhi kwaqala ukuvela, Foam amacansi, okuyinto anemisila endaweni okwesikhathi touchdown. Iphinde kuvikelwe izimbangi. Kakade ngo 1963, Sternberg unqobe uphawu 5 m. Ekugcineni, uSergei Bubka won-imitha eziyisithupha uphawu nge isikolo 614 cm.

abesifazane

Lo mdlalo kwaba hhayi kuphela besilisa. Pole egumbini ngaphandle kwezinkinga ungenza nowesifazane. Ngokokuqala ngqá wobulili bubuhle iqhaza emncintiswaneni ngo-1919. Behrens iwine uphawu laseJalimane 2 m. Emva ezemidlalo ifikile ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa, futhi futhi waba zomthetho kuphela 80s.

Inganekwane kweqiniso e egumbini isigxobo uyabazisa abesifazane Yelena Isinbayeva, owabeka amarekhodi kakhulu ngendlela izikhathi 9. yamuva impumelelo yakhe - ekunqobeni uphawu 5 m yayo Umphumela -. 501 cm.

incazelo

Ngakho kuyini ufana isigxobo egumbini? Indlela ukuchaza lolu hlobo ezemidlalo? Ukuze wenze gxuma hhayi kuphela kudingeka gxuma kahle, kodwa futhi ukusebenzisa futhi yokuzibeka isigxobo kwesokudla. Kusukela umsubathi kudinga ukukhuthazela, eguquguqukayo kanye lobubhalo. Pole egumbini ngakwesokudla zinzima kakhulu e matemu phakathi kwawo wonke ezemidlalo ukuthi emelelwa athletics.

Ngakho, inqubo afanele ukweqa simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• ukusebenzisa nokusetha isigxobo e abutment;
• umuzwa wokwenyanya;
• indiza ngaphandle ukwesekwa ngenxa push ngokusebenzisa ibha isethi;
• zithi cababa on mat.

isiqalo egijima

Lena ingxenye yokuqala ukusebenza ngendlela efanele isigxobo egumbini. Run sivame ukwenzeka at ibanga cishe 35-40 amamitha, kuncike izintandokazi ezithile athlete. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba bafeze ngokuvumelana nezimiso aqine. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ngejubane elikhulu, njengoba kuyothenjelwa ukunikeza push ezinhle. Ukuze agcwalise run kumele sisondela ukunakwa kakhulu. Isigxobo kudingeke ukuba ezandleni zabo ngendlela ethile. Kumelwe ahlale amahhala kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo elawulwa ngokugcwele yi nomsubathi. Ukugijima akufanele kusenze vibration. Uma ubamba isigxobo kufanele ihambisane nemithetho elandelayo.

1. Ukugcinwa kwenzeka okhalweni ezingeni.
2. Isandla ngakwesokunxele (uma umlenze gijima olufana nganeno) kufanele kube phezulu pole. Kuheleza nalo libalulekile. Isithupha kufanele igcinwe ngezansi nezinye - ngenhla. Uma ngakwesokunene ehilelekile, kubalulekile ukuthatha isikhundla okuphambene.
3. I-engeli yokwenyuka besigxobo ngenhlonipho emhlabathini - ukubaluleka luyingxenye ngamanye umsubathi ngamunye. Nokho, ngokuvamile kuba esingaphansi degrees 70.
4. Ukuphakama isango futhi incike kumuntu othize futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe ngokomzimba. Ayanda ukulungela lo msubathi, aba maningi inani lingu.
5. Ibanga phakathi izandla abadala kufika ku-70 cm. Ezinganeni, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kunethemba elincane.
6. ochwepheshe ngesilinganiso mayelana 10 m / s. It ikuvumela ukuba wenze izinga umuzwa wokwenyanya. Ngesikhathi izinyathelo zokugcina uyahamba nje ibenze ukuqeqeshwa. Elbow uhlezi phezu pole, okuyinto ngokukhishwa phambili.

ukulungiselela Direct wenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Zonke futhi kuncike ukusebenza kanye nezincomo umsubathi ngamunye.

1. Pole okukhipha phambili ngezinyathelo 3.
2. Ngezinye 5-4 ke kaningi yehla engela esuka degrees 70 kuya 25.
3. Khona-ke esinyathelweni 3, okwamanje la mandla isethwe ukuyeka.

Kuyadingeka ukuba synchronously afeze ukunyakaza ngenhla, ukuze umphumela ongcono. Yiba ukunyakaza zochwepheshe abasubathi ayalolongwa ukuba automaticity, echaza Imiphumela yabo lokukwazi.

Amathiphu izincazelo

Phakathi ukuhunyushwa isigxobo phambili, phambi esifubeni, umsebenzi oyinhloko kwenziwa ngesandla sokunene. Nanguya esinyathelweni zangaphandle ezifanele unyawo uhamba nehlombe. Phakathi isinyathelo okufanayo esitho ibhulashi yesibili kakade kufanele babe sesimweni eduze ehlombe kwesilevu. Ngemva unyawo lwesokudla kuthatha isikhundla inkomba inyonga ehlombe-eksisi kufanele kube parallel nomunye. ukusuka umugqa eduze lapho ukunyakaza senzeka, kumelwe perpendicular kubo. Ukuze enze kahle egumbini pole, ubude isigxobo kumele luhambisane isisindo umsubathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba umuntu 80 kg siwusayizi projectile engcono ezifanele 4.9 m.

amaphuzu abalulekile

Kanye ukujikeleza ngakwesokunene kufanele esikhundleni isigxobo indololwane ngakwesokunxele. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze senze push abafundile. Kukhona futhi Synchronicity ezibalulekile kanye nokuqaliswa efanele senzo. Umuzwa wokwenyanya kwenzeka ngqo ngokusebenzisa wave yezandla kusukela esifubeni lunges abafanele imilenze, onikeza umzimba ukusheshisa enkulu ngokwenza gxuma. Umlenze centrifugal kufanele uthanda ukuba alishaye isandla kwesokunxele umsubathi. Kuyinto ngale ndlela esetshenziswa ochwepheshe. Iqhinga Little ikuvumela ukuba uvule ijubane umnyuziki jumper ezingaba khona.

umuzwa wokwenyanya

Lona kakhulu esigabeni okusheshayo owenziwa abasubathi ezingeni wesifunda. Umuzwa wokwenyanya phakathi kwemilenze inching posing on ukwesekwa kwenzeka ngqo. Ngemva unyawo nhlobo off esigabeni phansi liyaphela futhi ukuqhutshwa elandelayo. Kungase kubonakale sengathi umuzwa wokwenyanya - engxenyeni elula of pole egumbini, okuyinto akubalulekile kangako. Nokho, akuyona. Yilokho isiqalo, futhi ukuphakama "indiza" kuncike. It kungenziwa kahle kuzo, ukuze bakwazi ukuba baziphathe emoyeni, kodwa ngeke isebenze ngaphandle umuzwa wokwenyanya. Pole egumbini eyenziwa ngaphandle ephethe izingalo zakhe. Kodwa isandla udlalwa enye indima: babonakala ancike isigxobo ukuphosele up nomsubathi. Mangisho ukuthi amagobolondo zanamuhla engonxantathu kuya emitheni, ngaphezulu "lasendulo" njengoba kwakungenzeka lokhu akatholakalanga yabadlali. Lapho egumbini elingaphansi pole, ubuchwepheshe inendima enkulu.

Ukuze wenze izinto ezilungile futhi uthole Chile kangcono, kubalulekile ukuze uthumele umzimba ime mpo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lo mshini ukunyakaza kufana long jump, kwasinda umsebenzi wezandla. Swing kuyadingeka ukwenza okuncane esingaphansi mdlalo ngenhla kanye ukhalo nasesifubeni kufanele uthanda ukuba siqhubekele phambili. Ukugijima umlenze ngemva eqondisa ukucindezela esigxotsheni perpendicular ngakwesokunene ukudansela isiginci sakhe igobolondo phansi kwesokunxele uhlezi phezu kwakhe futhi ukhuphuka. Ngakho, kukhona amabutho amabili iqondiswe bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, kanti kwenza nokuthi umuntu yi kangcono, ngenxa Ehlala besigxobo.

abulawe efanele

Phina ingekho, kusukela projectile has a kuyaqina ezinkulu. Futhi ithinta ke kanye musculo-ligamentous apharathasi yomuntu. Ngemva kwalokho ulenga phezu a vault isigxobo. Kubalulekile ukuba banamathele amagugu kuchaziwe ngezansi. Shaking umlenze engela kufanele azungeze 60 degrees, futhi umuzwa wokwenyanya - 76. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi uzinake wena amandla ukuthi ngqo futhi ibenze umsubathi. abadlali professional Kuqondile ukulayisha - 600 kg, ovundlile - 200 kg. Nokho, ngenkathi ukusunduza lezi zimiso ziyancipha kakhulu, amabutho ehilelekile womuntu wacosha, kancane ngokuvamile izikhathi 2-3 kwalawa angenhla. Kodwa lokho okuningi, diver kumele abe namandla amazinga elikhulu ukuthi zigcinwe nesigxobo. Ngakho-ke, amadoda futhi ubonise imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

nithela ilungu

esigabeni esilandelayo luqala ngemva ikhomishana umuzwa wokwenyanya. Ingxenye esekelwa gxuma Kufanele kwenziwe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, kungenjalo kuzuzwe imiphumela elikhulu kuyoba nzima ngempela. Naye ngokufanayo, ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana, okungukuthi, uhlanganyela, jika, umzimba isandiso, ukudonsa-up bese ibenze-ups.

ukubulawa

Ngemva umuzwa wokwenyanya umsubathi elenga esigxotsheni, okuyinto amcibe. Labo abasebenzisa kuka encane projectile, vis ukwenziwa Nesandla sakhe sokunene. Kulokhu, eksisi ka emahlombe futhi ukhalo kuthiwa baphambukile maqondana esitho okuphambene. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo ukusebenza ibizwa ngokuthi "skew". Namuhla, ukweqa okudume kakhulu kuka olukhulu pole, kuzuze impahla projectile kuyivumela. Indlela is okuningi nzima e ukubulawa ngenxa zobuchwepheshe, kodwa gxuma eliphezulu ne nesigxobo yathuthukiswa, futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ehamba phambili.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, kubuyekezwe isigxobo bebheke isandla sobunxele ngesikhathi Visa kwandisa amathuba okuthi falling, ngenxa ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka sithuthele kancane kancane ku vis ingalo okuhambisanayo, okuyinto kuzonciphisa amathuba yokulimala ngenxa uhlelo eqinile. Izosiza ukwenza umzamo, uzibophezele imisipha athlete ukuhambisa umzimba kule sikhundla esiphendula esibhekisa phansi. Kuyadingeka ukuba sifinyelele phezu bar. Kubalulekile ukwandisa kuka ngesikhathi esifanayo kokushiya umlenze wenza push kusukela ngasemhlane, welulele imisipha ebusweni nomzimba. Umlenze centrifugal ixhunywe gijima, futhi ukhalo, esikhundleni salokho, iseduze isigxobo. Ngemva imisipha eziye welulela ngaphambi, ukusunduza umzimba. Usuzenzile jika imilenze. Khona-ke umcengezi iseduze isandla.

ezemidlalo abathandwayo - egumbini isigxobo. It amasu eziyinkimbinkimbi is kuhlangene ubuhle of the ukunyakaza komzimba.

Ukuphela isigaba

Pole kuyalungiswa, kanjalo anike amandla umsubathi ukuthi okunikezwa ukwenza gxuma. Ngemva edonsa umzimba senziwa, ngabe iphela nokubhaliswa emahlombe kanye izandla isango. Kube sekuqala push, uqondane isandiso isigxobo egcwele. Too kanzima ukuzalela bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene hhayi ukuba imilenze. Ngesandla sobunxele kwenza ukhalo yayicindezele isigxobo lapho zonke izenzo echazwe, futhi kusiza umzimba ukujikisa mayelana kuma-axis awo. Khona-ke izandla zakhe eyanyatheliswa pole kanye indiza iqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-diver uya phezu bar.

Athletics (kuhlanganisiwe egumbini isigxobo) lidinga umzamo namandla, futhi imishini umsebenzi sinzima kakhulu. Kuthatha isikhathi Amazing olunzima lwamasonto umuntu wakwazi ukufeza imiphumela.

Isigaba sokugcina

Flight izindlela ukugudla, okungukuthi phambili kuya phezulu. Uma umzimba ifinyelela ukulungisa ezingeni, diver Kumelwe alethe leli imilenze, ngaleyo ndlela nokusiza yokunqoba lezo zithiyo uqobo. Ukulungiselela kokwehla. Namuhla, le ngxenye inqubo zingabalulekile, kusukela lo msubathi ukuthathelwa umshuwalense amacansi. Ngaphambili, kwakudingeka umhlaba egodini isihlabathi kanye sawdust.

Namuhla kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu isigxobo egumbini. Record esabekwa Sergeem Bubkoy, igcinwe okwesikhathi eside, kodwa abasubathi entsha dream ukumshaya.

Abazali ukuthumela izingane zabo ukuze sifinyelele sigaba. Lapho, inzalo yabo sifinyelele hhayi kuphela imiphumela ethile, kodwa futhi ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo kanye yiluphi uhlobo athletics lidinga umzamo futhi ukuqeqeshwa kanzima.