UKnut Hamsun: Biography nemisebenzi

UKnut Hamsun - esidumile umbhali Norwegian Impressionist, wemidlalo, imbongi, umlobi nomcusumbuli etemibhalo. Ngo-1920 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa incwadi yakhe "ayo Land".

ebuntwaneni

UKnut Hamsun wazalelwa e Lome (District Central Norway). Abazali bakhe (Peder Pedersen futhi Tora Oldsdatter) ixazululwe epulazini elincane Garmutrete. Ngo Hamsun bakhona odadewabo ababili abasebasha nabafowethu abadala abathathu.

Lapho eseneminyaka engu-3 ubudala, wonke umkhaya wathuthela Hamar. Kube baqasha ipulazi uHans Olsen (umalume Hamsun sika nonina). Ngakusasa iminyaka eyisithupha yokuphila umbhali zenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo enhle: Welusa izinkomo futhi njalo abatshazwe ubuhle ezilele iqhwa eneziqongo kanye amawa Norwegian.

Ipulazi Rental iphelile ngoba umndeni ubugqila bezikweletu, kanye UKnut oneminyaka engu-9 ubudala wahamba uwayosebenzela umalume wakhe. Wayeyindoda ozinikele kuNkulunkulu, owayeneminyaka akamnikelanga ukudla, futhi wayevame ukusishaya. Ngo-1873, esekhathele ukuhlukunyezwa, Umfana wagijima ku edolobheni eliseduze, kodwa wabuya ngemva konyaka ngathola umsebenzi esitolo sendawo.

Ucezu lokuqala

Ngo-1875, leyo nsizwa yaba umdayisi abajikelezayo. Lapho fed up nge umsebenzi, UKnut Hamsun wayeka emzini Buda futhi wathatha wezicathulo umsizi. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho ebhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Indoda Engaqondakali". It yanyatheliswa ngo-1877, lapho lo mfana engu-18 ubudala.

Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke Hamsun efundisa esikoleni, bese wanquma ukuba sikaZwelonke enkantolo umsizi. Emtatsheni wakhe, uhlangana ngemisebenzi abalobi zaseScandinavia ezifana Henrik Ibsen, Bernstern Bjornson, njll Ngo-1878, UKnut ukhiphe inoveli "Burger", lapho umlingisi losemcoka ubhala izinkondlo ngokuphila kwakhe kanzima. Nokho, inkazimulo yakhe lokho kungasebenzi, futhi zokweboleka imali nurlanskogo yomthengisi, waya Oslo. Eminyakeni eyalandela, insizwa ethile isaphaza yonke imali ngoba asikwazi ukwenza lokubhala imali. Ngenxa yalokho, UKnut Hamsun iba isisebenzi komgwaqo.

Ukuhambisa e-United States futhi isifo

Ngo 1882, ukuthatha izincwadi ezivela enethonya abavela kwamanye amazwe-Norwegian, le nsizwa yahamba e-United States. Kodwa ubuhlobo bakhe Bezingekho, futhi wakwazi ukuthola yesisebenzi indawo Wisconsin. Kamuva, wathatha onobhala bakhe umvangeli Norwegian kusukela Minnesota. Lapha Hamsun nezibi. Odokotela baye banquma ukuthi isifo sofuba, kodwa uphethwe awuzange baqinisekisa.

Ngo-1884 wabuyela Oslo lapho zonke izimpawu zesifo (cishe ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula) iye yashabalala. Lapha yena ubhala ngomsebenzi Mark Twain ngaphansi kwegama UKnut Gamsund (kamuva "e" uyekile khona ngenxa yephutha typographical). Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo akazange tente. izinhlekelele Umlobi futhi ngo-1886 futhi uhamba e-United States (Chicago), lapho kuqala usebenza wokuba umbhidisi, futhi ehlobo ebolile emasimini ka North Dakota.

Impumelelo lokuqala

Eyayidumazekile futhi izimisele tetemibhalo, uyabuya kumbhali eYurophu (Copenhagen) futhi ibonisa omunye imisebenzi Edvard Brandes okuqalwe - umhleli we iphephandaba lansuku zonke. Futhi umbhali ukhathele, futhi ngcaphuno kusukela indaba kwagxila esinamandla Edward. Ngo-1890 incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-Copenhagen, osesembozweni okuyinto sported amagama "UKnut Hamsun" Indlala "." Le ndaba waba sematheni futhi wabeka idumela kombhali njengendlela umlobi sina.

Inoveli "Indlala"

Kulesi umsebenzi, UKnut wenqaba hhayi kuphela emasikweni accusatory okwangempela nobuntu temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba zaseScandinavia, kodwa futhi phezu linqoba ngesikhathi umqondo wokuthi izincwadi kufanele kuthuthukiswe izimo ekuphileni kwabantu. Eqinisweni, umsebenzi akanayo indaba futhi utshela indaba insizwa eyayihlala e-Oslo Wayefisa ukuba umbhali. Nokho, yebo, ukuthi indaba ngokuphila kwakhe kanye prototype protagonist - UKnut Hamsun. "Indlala iyaqhubeka" lithole Izibuyekezo rave ezivela a baxgeki. Ngokwesibonelo, Gustafson Alrik wabhala: "Kufana iqhawe Dostoevsky, ubani ogulayo umzimba nomphefumulo, uzwa ubuhlungu bendlala futhi kwenza ukuphila kwakhe engaphakathi a ukubona izinto ezingekho okuvezwa ukudungeka kwemizwa okuqhubekayo."

Umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho umkhiqizo unesifo hhayi kuphela ovela yokuntuleka kokudla, kodwa futhi kusuka yokuntuleka komphakathi, ukungakwazi yokuzibeka nokungeneliseki ngokobulili. Eqiniseka genius sakhe, ukhetha ukuba ngihambe ngicela kuka ukulahla ngamaphupho nezifiso. Abagxeki abaningi Ubhale ukuthi hero antihero yabo zihlukanisiwe Kulindeleke izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20. By the way, indaba namanje ethandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa imvamisa eliphezulu nosesho, lapho abantu besesha "Indlala" (incwadi). ekhulwini lama-21 UKnut Hamsun waziwa.

Thuthukisa umqondo ayo

Ayikho ezingabalulekile kangako Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umkhiqizo wakhe wokuqala ngempumelelo umbhali athuthukile isitayela esithile. "Indlala iyaqhubeka" yalotshwa emabintana lamafisha capacious. A izincazelo ezicacile futhi ecacile okufakwe ngamabomu okunenjongo futhi subjective. Ukudala 'nendlala "uye kwaqondana nesikhathi lapho Strindberg, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer futhi Hartmann wanxusa ukuba banake amabutho equlekile elawula ubuntu.

umqondo siqu subjective nephrozi UKnut Hamsun sika, iqoqo Tindzaba okuyinto zingathengwa cishe kunoma iyiphi esitolo sezincwadi, zavela i Indatshana enesihloko esithi "Ukusuka ukuphila enganakile komphefumulo." Lo msebenzi uvele lowo nyaka njengoba "Indlala." Kuyo umbhali belahla izici umgomo nephrozi futhi wacela ukufunda "ukunyakaza umphefumulo ezisemagumbini eqhelile enganakile futhi sihlaziye izinxushunxushu okuvelayo."

I-Science wesibili nowesithathu

Eyesibili umkhiqizo yimpumelelo ukuthi wabhala UKnut Hamsun - "Mystery." Le noveli ikhuluma ngendoda quack, kokuvela edolobhaneni elingasolwandle futhi mangaza abantu kuyinqaba. Njengasekugumbuqelweni "Indlala", umlobi kabusha ukusetshenziswa indlela subjective, futhi lokho kwasebenza kahle, ukuhlinzeka udumo webhuku.

"I-Pan", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1894, baba wesithathu yimpumelelo romance kumbhali. UKnut Hamsun, ogama biography wayegcwele izenzakalo, wabhala Umlando wakhe ngesimo a Thomas Glan. Uhlamvu main luphambene nakho khona impucuko, futhi uhlala ngaphandle komuzi Nordland, wahlanganyela ukudoba nokuzingela. Ngu Isifaniso nge Rousseau, umlobi wafuna ukubonisa yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi imvelo nemiphefumulo hypersensitive. Euphoria protagonist UKnut esashiwo incazelo sublime nemvelo futhi azama ukuhlonza umuntu yakhe nurlanskoy emzaneni. uthando oluvuthayo i-Edward Thomas, bratty, indodakazi ichithekile yomthengisi, kudala engqondweni yakhe nezinxushunxushu ngokomzwelo yangempela, futhi ekugcineni kuholela ukuzibulala.

Le noveli wesine

umsebenzi Okwesine omkhulu UKnut Hamsun wabhala - "ayo zomhlaba" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1917). Esikhathini inoveli kubonisa indlela isimo 1911, lapho umbhali bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile epulazini futhi kwaba ngo bokuhlukaniswa kwesintu emphakathini. Ibhalwe ngothando olukhulu isitshela indaba abalimi ababili Norwegian Inger futhi Isak, ngubani, naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga baye bakwazi ukuba sihlale sithembekile lapho indoda iyikhanda lomndeni amasiko nokuzinikela ezweni labo. Ngo-1920-ke Unikelwa ngebanga umsebenzi uMklomelo KaNobel.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona eyodwa ngaphezulu inoveli, owabhala UKnut Hamsun - ". Izithelo umhlaba" Eqinisweni, ashaye phansi. Kumane translation ezahlukene yokuqala igama Norwegian "Juice zomhlaba."

Ukusekela nobuNazi

Njengoba bekhula, UKnut sekwande mva. Kusukela ngo-1934, ngoba wasekela obala amaNazi. Hamsun akuzange kube njengokungathi ujoyina yamaNazi, kodwa waya eJalimane ngoba umhlangano Hitler. Lapho amaJalimane matasa Norway, kwavela eningi izihloko pro-undlovukayiphikiswa, kwaba ngaphansi okuyinto nesiginesha "UKnut Hamsun". Umbhali wencwadi eyabuyiswa kuye izinkulungwane abafundi lokubhikisha.

Ukuboshwa nokuqulwa kwecala

Ekupheleni kwempi, waboshwa kanye nomkakhe. Ekwindla ka-1945 Hamsun yafakwa umtholampilo zengqondo. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine ukwelashwa, washintshelwa Landvik ekhaya lasebekhulile. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, umbhali ngaquliswa icala, utholakale enecala ekusizeni kanye nokukhuthaza isitha. Futhi, uyalelwe ukuthi akhokhe 425.000 kroner Norwegian. ejele UKnut wakwazi ukubaleka ngenxa "nokucekelwa bokusungula."

umsebenzi wokugcina

Tindzaba "Ngakolunye indlela yene" zazingumsebenzi lokugcina umbhali. Le nhlekelele kopilsya amabhuku amashumi eminyaka. UKnut Hamsun (izingcaphuno emisebenzini yakhe ingafundwa ngezansi) wafuna ukubuyisela inkazimulo yangaphambili ye Scandinavians. inkulumo kaHitler mayelana ukuvelela izinhlanga Nordic (ikakhulukazi Norway) ngokuqinile "nenhlanzi ebanjwe" umbhali. Yingakho Hamsun benamandla imfundiso ka wobushiqela kanye kuphela eminyakeni kamuva waqaphela iphutha lakhe siqu. Encwadini "Ngakolunye indlela yene," le Whip ekutshela yesiphosiso sakhe esibuhlungu, kodwa akusho sicele intethelelo kubantu. Umlobi akukaze neyaziwayo iphutha lakhe siqu.

ukufa

UKnut Hamsun, ogama biography yethulwa kulesi sihloko, wayefe impahla yakhe Nornholm. I post-yimpi edishini wemidlalo kwaqala ukubonakala Norway kusukela 1962 kuphela: kuvele njengoba umbhali, kodwa ayikwazanga ukuthethelela sobala. Ekuphetheni, sethula izingcaphuno edume kunazo kusukela umbhali we imisebenzi yakhe.

izingcaphuno

"Musa bathukuthelela ukuphila. Asikho isidingo nonya, esiqinile nangokwethembeka ukuphila. Yiba nomusa niwayise ngaphansi kwesivikelo sakhe. Awukwazi ukucabanga ngalokho abadlali kufanele ubhekane naso. "

"Bhala - kusho lokwamukelisa phezu inkantolo."

"Ngenxa yakho konke mina ngingumfokazi nje, ngakho ngokuvamile ukukhuluma ngokwami."

"Okukhulu kunakho nguye linikeza injongo okuba khona komuntu, futhi ishiya ifa."

"Iningi ezinhle sihamba benganakwa, kodwa okubi akuhileli nemiphumela."

"Kusukela ebhentshini ngibona izinkanyezi, nemicabango yami yenziwa phezulu isivunguvungu emhlabeni".

"Ukuphila - iyimpi nsuku namademoni engqondweni yakhe futhi inhliziyo."