I-Amber Igumbi ku Catherine Palace (Pushkin)

Ngokungavamile ezithakazelisayo futhi emuhle iyona Igumbi Amber ku Catherine Palace. Lize kufanele ngokuthi isimangaliso yokukhanya. Ukuvela lesi sikhala esiyingqayizivele kubhebhethekiswe ngu izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane. Kodwa ukunyamalala Kulokhu ngesikhathi sempi namanje unyakazisa umcabango. Ngenhlanhla, Room Amber akazange ukuphatha ukuze alulame. Kulesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngomlando walo kanye mayelana lapho Catherine Palace, Room Amber zitholakala. Amanani amathikithi kanye nokuvulwa amahora Museum ungakwazi futhi ukufunda kusuka kulesi sihloko.

isikhathi Prussian

amakhosi Prussian Elector saseBrandenburg (Prussia lalibhekwa njengento isikhungo odumile amber izikebhe e-Europe) kusukela ngo-1618 njengoba izipho ezinye izikhulu babé isiko ukunikeza amber iyona "igolide" ka oLwandle iBaltic njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo. Okwenza lokhu ukucutshungulwa itshe art likhula ngokushesha, futhi omunye iziqongo zalo futhi waba Room Amber. It yadalwa sokuthuthwa kwempahla ubuciko Prussian nesiJalimane iyonke, okungukuthi, ekuqa- we XVII XVIII eminyaka.

Elector Frederick III (eminyakeni wokubusa -. 1657-1713 yy) e 1701 wasiphakamisa kabusha inhloko-dolobha yabo, futhi ikakhulu esigodlweni - lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo libhekisela XVI-XVII eminyaka. Inkantolo umklami King I. F. Eozander wenza ifa suburban esigodlo eyakhelwe imodeli SaseVersailles. Namuhla, kuyaziwa ukuthi umklami wadala Amber Igumbi phrojekthi. Littsenburg futhi Oranienburg, ezimbili esigodlweni iNkosi yasePrussia, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa isiphetho Igumbi Amber kusukela 1707 waba yindawo imisebenzi Eozandera. Okokuqala, Igumbi Amber lwenzelwe umhlobiso esigodlweni Littsenburg. Phakathi nokuphila asebukhosini akasibonanga ikamelo okuphelele. Umsebenzi wona wawungemubi e 1709, namanje ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi eshona UZandile Charlotte (ngo-1705). Frederick nganquma ukuyeka yephrojekthi ukuhlobisa panel of amber igalari esigodlweni umngane wakhe - Oranienburg. Cishe, inkosi banquma ukuyeka ukwakhiwa, ukugcina esigodlweni Littsenburg, sokuhlala ngumkayo, njengoba naye ashushiswa lapho wayesaphila. Izindonga ihholo, lapho obekumele ukusetha panel inhlaka, elalihlotshiswe ngegolide intambo kanye damask. Futhi namuhla Littsenburg Palace ungajabulela Red damastovoy yokugezela. Ikhumbule Queen UZandile Charlotte, lesi sigodlo sasibhekwa ngokuthi Charlottenburg.

Khona-ke inkosi wayala Eozanderu ukwandisa Sigodlo ekhatsi Oranienburg, okwenezela Amber Igalari 30 amamitha, edlulele lingakanani okusalungiswa yasekuqaleni. Nokho, naphezu umsebenzi olunzulu, lokhu igalari asiphothulwanga ngesikhathi impilo Frederick mina, owashona ngo-1713.

Isipho kuPetru mina

UMbusi Russian wakujabulela Eozandera umsebenzi babengazifihli isifiso sakhe ukuba umsebenzi onjalo yobuciko ezweni lakubo. Frederick William mina, indlalifa yenkosi (iminyaka yokuphila - 1688-1740, iBhodi - kusukela 1713), owethulwa ezweni ukuzithiba ogama Inhloso kwaba ukusetshenziswa esisebenzisekayo banquma ukuyeka umsebenzi onjalo ezibizayo sezigodlweni kayise. Kodwa injabulo undisguised izivakashi eziningi samenta ukhweze panel amber ehhovisi okuqondene Berlin amakamelo isimo enqabeni wasebukhosini. Kwakuwusuku kuphela pdtverzhdenny Empeleni ukuhlala e-Berlin Kulokhu ukuba kuthunyelwe inhlokodolobha isiRashiya, Petersburg.

Peter mina ngesikhathi impilo Frederick mina mathupha zihlolwe iphaneli kuya Amber Gallery, ngesikhathi ehambele Berlin. Ngo-November 1716, ngesikhathi enomhlangano indodana yakhe, aphethwe ngenxa umfelandawonye Russia nase Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm ngamnika umbusi izipho ezibizayo, phakathi okuyinto sasitholakala kanye Room Amber. 13 Januwari 1717 I-Amber Igumbi walethwa Petersburg ngo 18 amabhokisi, okuyinto, ngaphezu panel siphelile babe inqwaba izingcezwana ayisetshenziswa ngaphambili.

Ubufakazi mayelana lapho Tsar uPetru ngahlela ukufaka lezi panel, baye basinda kulokho, ngakho ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo ehlongozwayo ingaphakathi Sasebusika baloko.

Amber Igumbi phakathi nokubusa Elizabeth

Ngo-1743, indodakazi koMbusi Elizaveta Petrovna ngemva ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi batshelwa ukuba bagcobe isipho ibe Yakha isakhiwo esisha sokuhlala - Okwesithathu Winter Palace. Ukuze afeze umsebenzi wezakhiwo Italian A. Martelli umenyiwe. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba omunye wezakhiwo omkhulu - F. B. Rastrelli - kakade 1746 avela isimo Amber Igumbi kule Winter Palace. Nokho, ezinye izakhi wezangaphakathi entsha kwaba entula, ngakho Rastrelli wanquma ukusungula pilasters sesibuko bese ufaka panel ezengeziwe, zaveza "I-Amber". Ngo 1745, iNkosi yasePrussia, noFrederick II wanika Russian Empress omunye ukukhishwa iphrojekthi A. kwamaNazi amber Uhlaka, in the umhlobiso okuyinto esetshenziswa Motifs futhi allegories ekhazimulisa yobukhulu Elizabeth. Ngo 1746 Room Amber elasetshenziselwa reception olusemthethweni, nakuba izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi kuvuselelwa okuphindiwe Sasebusika wadluliswa bengonozulane.

I-Amber Igumbi ku Catherine Palace

engu-12 kamuva, ngo-June 1755, isivele Tsarskoye Selo ngesinqumo somthetho we Empress iqala ukudaleka ngaphansi kobuholi Rastrelli Amber Igumbi (lapho Catherine Palace, namuhla wonke umuntu uyazi). Ngakho enkathini entsha Kulokhu enkazimulweni eRussia, owathatha iminyaka engu-kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili.

Igumbi Dvortsovy sezimvumela bekulokhu endaweni 96 square metres, okuyinto kakhulu enkulu kunosayizi egumbini odlule. Ngakho-ke, i-panel zafakwa isihlanganisi phakathi ezindongeni amathathu zihlukaniswe pilasters nge ngezibuko nezingodo ze ezitsheni eyayibhalwe. Lapho inhlaka luyantula, ezindongeni ihholo zambozwa ngendwangu futhi ehlotshiswe imidwebo "ngu Amber" ngokuhlangenwe umculi I. I. Velskim. Rastrelli lolungenamaphutsa abhekana ngayo umsebenzi wakhe, ekuthuthukiseni izibani amahle zethusi ingaphakathi, uphahla imidwebo, ezitsheni eyayibhalwe, izibuko kanye parquet flooring kusuka ezahlukene ngokhuni oluyigugu.

maphakathi ophahleni ehlotshiswe usayizi omkhulu Umdwebo by umculi angaziwa kusuka Venice XVIII leminyaka, emelela Ukuhlakanipha, gcina Youth kusukela nezilingo uthando.

Isilinganiso esiteji emaphakathi kwaba 8 panel mpo, zazo ezine sezibekwe KaMose amatshe emibala, senziwe Florence kule 1750s, usikhumbula kahle esibonisa izinzwa ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo: ukuzwa, ngokubona, ngokuthinta, zokunambitha nokuhogela.

Amber Igumbi we Catherine Palace waba Decor zikanokusho. It zaba zobumba Chinese bele umsebenzi Russian. Igumbi Amber wagcinwa futhi omunye Iqoqo elikhulu amber imigexo eYurophu futhi ekugcineni kuyoba umnyuziyamu amber izinto, lapho kwakuyibona chess, Checkers kanye caskets.

izinto Siqu asebukhosini

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XVIII e Tsarskoye Selo, lapho ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona inkosi upscale amber ukucutshungulwa zaqala ukutheleka kusukela Kamertsalmeysterskoy ithala ukulungisa ezihlukahlukene izinto okwakungokwenkosi amalungu asebukhosini. Imibhalo wabonisa ukuthi ngo-1765 ulethwe lapha ukuze ulungise imikhiqizo ezingaphezu kuka-70 kusukela leli tshe, phakathi okwakukhona kulo izikhonzi cult (eneziphambano neziphambano), ifenisha (postavtsa, amakhabethe zokugqoka), kanye nezimpahla zasendlini. Iqembu elikhethekile ngezinto zesikhathi Elizabeth wenze itafula imihlobiso, eyenziwe ngendlela leaf nokucwila namahlamvu acanthus futhi volute yezobuciko. Bonke ahlotshiswe ngobuciko. Le mikhiqizo cishe ehlotshisiwe etafuleni samaholide Empress Elizabeth ngesikhathi idili.

Amber Igumbi phakathi nokubusa uCatherine II

Ngo 1763, uMbusikazi uCatherine II yakhipha umyalo wokuba owawuthi zonke emidwebweni zaveza "ngu Amber" kwakufanele esikhundleni ingxube amber. Umsebenzi omkhulu kwathatha iminyaka 4 no-450 kilograms zamatshe. Ngo-1770, umhloli msebenzi waphela.

Isinqumo uCatherine II, ukunaka kakhudlwana ekuthuthukiseni imboni ifenisha eRussia, Room Amber eyayihambisana yobuciko eminingi yaleli izikebhe.

Ngokusho uhlu ihlanganiswe ngu D. Grigorovich, ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX esigodlweni kwakukhona semali ifenisha, ikakhulukazi dressers namathebula. Ngokuyinhloko umsuka French. Lapho yokukhiqiza engakaze bazothola indawo, cishe kwaba umkhiqizo Russian. Omunye ziphephile, esifubeni zangaphansi, kuyinto ethile ethakazelisa ngokukhethekile. Isiphelo sakhe engavamile nokuhambisana kuye esifubeni ithakazelisa kakhulu. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, they hamba esigodlweni bayiswa eJalimane bahlaseli, futhi isigamu sekhulu leminyaka kamuva omunye wabo weza ukuba indawo yabo yokuqala. Esikhathini izithombe zangaphambi yimpi Igumbi Amber kukhona kokubili esifubeni zalotshwa, bona bahlanganiswa yokusungula Museum e 1938-1940. isiqeshana Ibuyiselwe ifenisha ephawulwe, okuhambelana ne izinombolo kusukela imibhalo lwesigodlo. Ngo-1990, esifubeni watholakala e Berlin, e iqoqo yangasese, futhi wathenga kumnikazi ekuthatheni isinyathelo umagazini "Spiegel", futhi kamuva, ngo-2000, baphinde ngobuciko Room Amber we Catherine Palace (Pushkin). Komfaji zangaphansi, ngaphezu nomgomo ezithakazelisayo linelukuluku ngokwako, njengoba isibonelo esinye sezigigaba lokuqala ifenisha ukwenziwa eRussia ku amasampula imikhiqizo French ezihlobene ngonyaka th i 1760.

Kusukela iyehla iyenyuka esikhulu lokushisa, abhale luhlaka abuye stoveheating wabhubhisa inhlaka, kathathu kuphela ekhulwini XIX kwenziwa ukubuyiselwa Igumbi Amber.

I isithombe Room Amber

Ngo-1907, abafowethu Lumiére bakhiqiza plastinki- "autochromes" lokuqala ngokuhlakulela emithathu umbala KaMose iphethini. Lena ngenye yezinto izithombe umbala yokuqala emlandweni izithombe. Ngo-1917 Lukomsky, ikhanda ikhomishana art-zomlando, owayesebenza izigodlo, wanikwa imvume afeze sokudubula izigodlo Tsarskoye Selo. Kubandakanya kuhlelwe ukususa futhi Pushkin Catherine Palace, Room Amber sigameko kuphinde ukuthathwa isithombe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze udale izinhlu Museum ziphephile. Ukudubula lwenziwe AA Zeestom. I Catherine Palace izithombe zithathwe ngo-June nango kwi-Alexander - kusukela ngo-August 14, 1917, ngemuva nje kancane zokugcina Russian uMbusi uNicholas II nomkhaya wakhe bathunyelwa Tobolsk. PK Lukomsky 11 Okthoba 1917 wathola isibhamu 140, enye yazo elathunjwa kanye Room Amber ku Catherine Palace. Kuze kube 1941, nguye umbala kuphela umfanekiso waso.

Eminyakeni 1933-1935 imisebenzi elincane sokubuyiselwa eyenziwa umqophi I. Krestovsky.

ukulahlekelwa Ingaphakathi

Ehlobo lika-1941, it kuhlelwe wobuciko grand sokubuyisela, kodwa ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe uvinjelwe ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Amber Igumbi ngabe bashiye, okuyinto yamatshe zambozwa ungqimba ezondile ekhethekile izicubu paper. Kodwa ukususwa Isivivinyo kwephaneli wabonisa ukuthi inhlaka Liyashabalala. Kwakubalulekile kakhulu ukuba siqhubeke aphanga Catherine Palace. I-Amber Room, ogama intengo bekulokhu ezinkulukazi ngempela, ngokuqinisekile kwadingeka ukuba uzofihlwa kusuka abahlaseli. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuba okubeka ukulondolozwa kwalo namanje. Iphaneli aqoshiwe gauze ngendwangu, wabeka nesembozo batting abamboza ngamapulangwe lokhuni.

Lapho Igumbi Amber (Catherine Palace, Pushkin) uhlaselwe amasosha aseJalimane, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona iqembu ongoti ukuthekelisa yobuciko ingcebo, panel isuswe futhi wathumela eKönigsberg.

Yilapho kwaze kwaba sentwasahlobo ka-1945. Ngokombiko waleli phephandaba German "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", nomcwaningi Alfred yagibela, Novemba 13, 1941 ihlelwe embukisweni namatshe anenani, tincenye letitsite umhlobiso Igumbi Amber (uvikelekile endaweni ephephile) ku Prussian Art Museum. Ngo-1944, lapho amaJalimane zinhlanga emuva iphaneli adiliza, awafaka amabhokisi ethunyelwe ziyaphi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Room Amber ihlala elahlekile.

imvuselelo wobuciko

Ngo-1979 uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe we RSFSR, kwanqunywa ukuba ivuselele panel amber.

Ngo-1983, izithombe ezingezinhle we Room Amber ku Catherine Palace ekuqaleni imvuselelo yephrojekthi ye wezakhiwo A. A. Kedrinskogo. Ngo-1994 wasungula iphaneli kuqala isihlanganisi ephansi, futhi umsebenzi owengeziwe phezu KaMose "buka" yaqedwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Ngo-April 2000, i-Museum ezibuyisiwe ezitholakala eJalimane umbophi Russian futhi KaMose umsebenzi "touch nokuhogela" ukuthi beniyingxenye umhlobiso egumbini.

Ngo-June 2003, yokudumisa Petersburg tercentenary e Pushkin (Catherine Palace) Room Amber wavulwa emphakathini. Lo mkhosi yahanjelwa abaholi Russian nesiJalimane. Umsebenzi, owathatha iminyaka engu-24 ubudala, usuphethiwe. Kwabe sekuqala inkathi entsha emlandweni lo msebenzi omkhulu ka yobuciko!

I-Amber Igumbi (Catherine Palace): lapho, Amahora okuvula

Pushkin, lapho Museum itholakala, itholakala amakhilomitha 25 kusuka Petersburg.

Okwamanje, Catherine Palace (Amber Igumbi) ivuliwe nsuku zonke kusukela amahora 10 kuya 17, ngosuku kuphela off - ngoLwesibili futhi njalo ngoMsombuluko wokugcina enyangeni luwusuku sanitary.

Ehlobo, inkonzo amaqembu izivakashi olusemthethweni amathimba eyenziwa kusukela amahora 10 kuya 16 futhi kusukela 16 kuya 17 - yokungena amathikithi izivakashi ngabanye. Uma kungekho amaqembu ngokwezifiso, inkonzo izivakashi ngasinye nako ngesinye isikhathi. Amathikithi kungukuthi oyi-ithengiswe, kumele ithengwe bona ehhovisi ibhokisi, ise yokwamukela izivakashi Palace (Pushkin, Tsarskoye Selo, Catherine Palace).

I-Amber Room, ukuvakashelwa okuyinto mahhala, inikeza izaphulelo for nezigaba ezithile sabantu. Ngakho, izindleko amathikithi abadala kuyinto ruble 400, futhi abafundi emanyuvesi Russian, kanye nabahola impesheni ye-Russian Federation futhi Belarus - ruble 300. Lezi amanani ithikithi asethwe Catherine Palace. Uhambo ngokusebenzisa amahholo (Amber Igumbi kuhlanganisiwe) likhokhelwa eceleni.