Ikhampasi ye-Andrianov - ukhokho wezindlela zesimanje zokuhamba

Ukuhamba uhambo oluzimele, izivakashi ngalinye zicabangela ngokucophelela indlela yakhe. Ukuze ungaphambuki endleleni ekhethiwe, amathuluzi okuhamba ayadingeka. (Адрианова) – дешевый, надежный и компактный инструмент, помогающий путешественнику сориентироваться на местности. I-Compass Andrianova (Adrianova) - ithuluzi elishibhile, elinokwethenjelwa nelinekhampasi elisiza lohambo ukuthi ahambe endaweni.

Amadivayisi wokuzulazula kwe-Analog ngokuhambisana ne-digital

Ezweni lanamuhla, eligcwele izixhobo eziningi kanye namajejethi, izivakashi zivame ukukhetha i-GPS-ye-navigator esikhundleni sebalazwe lephepha kanye nekhampasi, ngokukhohlwa ngokuphelele ukuthi isokhethi sokushaja ibhethri lahlala ekhaya, futhi isignali yesathelayithi ngesikhathi esifanele ingase iphele. Ibalazwe elinembile nelisesikhathini sokuhlangana ngokuhambisana nekhampasi namanje amathuluzi okuqondisa okuyinhloko wokuwela ehlane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imincintiswano ekhethekile iqhutshwa kulokho okuthiwa yi-orienteering orienteering, lapho abahlanganyeli babonisa khona ikhono labo lokuhamba umzila futhi balilandele kahle, besebenzisa imephu kanye nekhampasi kuphela.

Izinhlobo ze-compasses

Okokuqala, ama-compass angu-electronic futhi magnetic.

I-elekthronikhi: izinkomba zomsakazo (ukubhekisela - noma yikuphi umthombo wamagagasi omsakazo), izinkampani zokuvakasha ze-elekthronikhi (iphuzu lokubhekisela - izinkinobho ezinamandla zeplanethi yethu, isiqondiso esinqunywe yizinzwa ezincane ze-microcircuits) kanye ne-GPS / i-GLONASS-abahamba ngezimoto (indawo yokukhomba - izibonakaliso kanye nesimo se-satellite ezenzakalelayo). Lawa amathuluzi enembile kunayo yonke futhi anamuhla okwehlukanisa isikhundla sezinto endaweni.

Abamele iqembu elilandelayo - amakhampasi amakhulu - asetshenziswe umuntu iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ngokokuqala ngqa, umkhiqizo ovela ensimbi yamagnetic, ekhomba ncamashi ukuphela kweSouth, kanti enye eya eNyakatho, yasungulwa eChina eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili edlule futhi wabizwa ngokuthi "indodanaan" - "ukwazi iNingizimu."

), военные, геологические, гироскопические, астрономические и компасы-буссоли. I-magnetic ihlanganisa izivakashi (kuhlanganise nekhampasi ye-Andrianov ), amasosha, geological, gyroscopic, astronomical and compasses-bussols. Zonke zisebenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso esisodwa, zakhiwa ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezifanayo futhi zihlukile kwezinye izengezo ezenza lokhu noma uhlobo olunjalo oluyingqayizivele futhi linqume ububanzi bale divayisi.

Ummeleli weqembu lakhe yi-compass kaAndrianov. Ingenwe ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ithuluzi lokuhamba lilokhu lisetshenziselwa ngokugcwele izivakashi emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Compass Andrianova (isithombe, umlando wendalo)

Ngo-1907, unjiniyela waseRussia onethalente, umdwebi wezempi uVladimir Nikolaevich Adrianov, wethule umshini wokuqala wezempi. Ukulula kokuklanywa, ukwethenjelwa nokuchithwa kwaletha ukuvezwa okungakaze kube khona. Ukuhlonipha umbhali, le divayisi yabizwa ngokuthi icompass ka-Adrianov. Eminyakeni elandelayo kuze kube sesikhathini sethu, igama lomsunguli wayevame ukuhlanekezela, wanezela inhlamvu "n". ». Ngakho enye yamathuluzi athandwa kakhulu ohambayo athola igama elingeziwe, elihlanganisiwe " Ikhampasi ye-Andrianov ".

I-Compass design kanye nomgomo wokusebenza

не претерпело кардинальных изменений за последнее столетие. Idivayisi yekhampasi i-Andrianov ayizange ithole izinguquko ezinkulu kuleli khulu lokugcina. Le khampasi yamagnetic, idluliselwe eqenjini lezivakashi ngezigaba zesimanje, isebenza ngokuvumelana nokusebenza kwezinsimu ezidalwe umlenze unomphela nezimbangela zomhlaba wethu.

Leli thuluzi lingumgogodla obunzima womumo ozungezayo, ogcwele ingilazi ebonakalayo ngaphakathi lapho inaliti ijikeleza ngenaliti, ekupheleni kwayo emakwe ngemibala ehlukene - ebomvu neyibhakabhaka. Ukukhishwa kwecala kwenziwa ngesimo sokudayela futhi kuhlanganiswa ngendandatho ejikelezayo, lapho kuneziphephelo ezimbili. Idivayisi ifakwe isibopho sesikhumba esinamaqoqo njengewristwatch. Engxenyeni ye-lateral yomzimba kunendlela yokulungisa umcibisholo - isisindo.

имеет внутреннюю камеру, заполненную воздухом. Ikhampasi ye-Andrianov inekamelo elingaphakathi eligcwele umoya. Ezinkampanini zanamuhla, esikhundleni sezindiza, kusetshenziselwa uketshezi lwe-antifreeze, okuyinto eyenza isikhangiso esibucayi, okwenza ukunyakaza komcibisholo kubushelele futhi kungene.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuma

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisa ikhampasi, udinga ukuqonda ezinye zezinto eziyisisekelo zokufunda.

Ngokwesiko, izikhombisi ezine eziyinhloko zisetshenziselwa ukuhamba: eNyakatho, eNingizimu, eNtshonalanga, eMpumalanga. Ukunquma ngokunembile ukuqondisa kokunyakaza kuveze umqondo we "azimuth".

I-azimuth i-angle ilinganiselwe ngamadigri, ngokusuka kweso ukusuka eNyakatho kuya esiqondisweni esicacisiwe. Ukuze uhambe ukusuka endaweni yamanje kuze kube sekugcineni (iphuzu) lomzila, izivakashi kufanele zikwazi i-azimuth nebanga kuze kube iphuzu, futhi zithole isikhundla seNyakatho. Amagugu amabili okuqala kufanele aziwe kusengaphambili noma anganqunywa kusuka ebalazweni, futhi ukuthola iNyakatho kuzosiza ikhampasi.

Ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwekhampasi ye-Adrianov

. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhamba, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ikhampasi kaAndrianov . Okokuqala udinga ukudonsa isisindo, ngaleyo ndlela ukhulule inaliti yamagnetic yedivayisi. Khona-ke kubalulekile ukubeka ikhampasi endizeni eqondile. Ngemuva kokujikeleza okuncane, umcibisholo uyayeka futhi uqede, upende nge-blue, uzokhomba eNyakatho. Okulandelayo, udinga ukushintshanisa umzimba wedivaysi kuze kube yilapho uphawu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhomba umcibisholo we "C". Ngakho-ke, sinqume izikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko zezwe: "C" - Enyakatho, "eNingizimu" - South, "Z" - Enyakatho, "B" - EMpumalanga.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuthola i-azimuth. Okokuqala, sinquma intengo yokuhlukanisa izinga lokudayela kwekhampasi yethu. Isikhathi sonke siyi-360 degrees. Kubalulekile ukuthola eduze kwamalebula amile ngezinombolo kanye nenombolo enkulu ukuze uthathe kancane. Umphumela kufanele uhlukaniswe ngenani lezigaba (izingxenye) phakathi kwezinombolo. Isibonelo: ekudaleni kukhona amanani ka-15 no-30, phakathi kwawo izingxenye ezingu-3 (ukuhlukana). Intengo yesigaba esisodwa (30-15) / 3 = 5 degrees.

Manje kusukela endaweni ye-zero ("C", enyakatho), uhlehlise i-azimuth edingekayo, ujikeleze indandatho nababukeli. Isibonelo, ukubeka eceleni i-azimuth kuma-degrees angu-75, udinga ukushintshanisa indandatho kusukela ekuhlaleni kwe-zero ngezigaba eziyi-15 ngakwesokunxele.

Hlola isikhundla somcibisholo, kufanele usabonisa ilebuli eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-"C". Manje, ngokubheka izibukeli zababukeli njenge-sight, siyazi kahle ukuqondiswa kokuhamba ngokuhambisana ne-azimuth enikeziwe.

Ikhampasi i-Compass Adrianova yayizoba futhi ithuluzi elithembeke kakhulu futhi elingabizi kunoma yimuphi umhambi. Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuma ngokusebenzisa amabalazwe nekhampasi, ungakwazi ukuzethemba ensimini ngaphandle kokungalahlekelwa.