Umlando kaJosefa-Volokolamsk Monastery. Orthodox sezindela besilisa stauropegic cenobitic

Umnqopho we kulesi sihloko kuyoba umlando kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. Lokhu sezindela Orthodox lasendulo, okuyinto namanje umphumela namuhla, uye izivakashi eziningi nje kuphela kodwa futhi-pilgrim. Izinqaba esifundeni Moscow khona. Kodwa ngempumelelo esikhundleni enezivikelo eziqinile, le ungenakunqotshwa nge zezindela engqondweni. Njalo is into pilgrimage kanye nezokuvakasha. Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery kwakhiwe njengophawu lwesikhathi lenqaba. Lizungezwe izindonga awugqinsi uyakwazi withstanding ezinyangeni-eside Ukuvinjezelwa isitha. Ngemva Isigodlo elimiswe izikhathi enomfutho futhi ayihlelekile. Kodwa namuhla, izindela ka wezindela beyokwamukela izihambeli zenzisa futhi izivakashi ukwazi. Ngeshwa, seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuya izakhiwo mlando we sezindela. Kodwa kancane kancane kubuyiselwa. Asithathe uhambo olubonakalayo Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulalela indaba yakhe ezithakazelisayo.

Kumila sezindela

Konke lokhu kwaqala yokuthi othile Ivan Sanin wazizwa ubizo zenkolo. Wayelethwa tonsured ku izindela Pafnutiem Borovskim wathatha igama wezindela uJosefa. Ngubani wafela emhlabeni Sanin wazinikela enkonzweni kaNkulunkulu futhi kuphumelele kangako lokhu ukuthi baba owalandela St Paphnutius njengoba hegumen. Njengoba induna yomphakathi, uJosefa wazama uyifake obschezhiteyny maphepha. Kodwa abazalwane sebekubeke kuqhathaniswa lokhu. Khona-ke injabulo Joseph nenye indoda endala, Gerasim waya enyuka hermitages zezindela. Kodwa ngo-1478, uJoseph wabuyela ezweni lakubo, wacela imvume Boris Vladimirovich, iSikhulu Volokolamsk, ukusungula wezindela. I "yokuvalelisa", ihlanganiswe ngu umshana wakhe Ivan Sanin Dosifey Toporkov, sifundeka kanje: "Le ndawo ngoba Isigodlo kwashiwo ngenhla. Baphotha kukholomu uthuli, bese phansi yashaywa umbani endaweni esibhakabhakeni ecacile. Kube uMfundisi uqede. " Ngakho 1479 yasungulwa uJoseph ka Volokolamsk Monastery.

Life of St

Kuyadingeka ukuba ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana umsuka injabulo. Kungani ayenakho ukushayisana nabazalwane futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, wathola indlela wokuziphilisa zisekela ngokugcwele (kubandakanya ezezimali) ukuze kwakhiwe Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery? Sanin umndeni ahlukile ephethwe emzaneni Yazvische futhi kwaba enkonzweni Volotsk ethize Prince Boris. Ivan wayengazalwa kuphela. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-20, wanquma ukuthatha umgubuzelo, futhi ngo 1459 waya Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Savvin sezindela. Kodwa abode ubumpofu kayizanga ngendlela ethandwa nguye, futhi waya Borovsk. Lokhu sezindela kuyinto ngaphansi kokuqondisa Paphnutius wayedume zakhe zenani elikhulu. Kulesi atehlukanisa sezindela afike achitha khona iminyaka engu-18. Okukhulu kakhulu phambilini obuwaziwa kwakungekaNkulunkulu besifunda-bhishobhi Novgorod. Catching emazweni ezinkulu isifiso Prince Ivan III bamba elingumakhelwane, Abbot Joseph ezingqubuzana-Archbishop Serapion Novgorod. Ngakho wahlala ingena Diocese, elibangela nokububula welibhola letinyawo. Naphezu ukusekelwa neziphathimandla, uJosefa usenqume ukushiya futhi usethe sezindela yabo. WayeyiZwi ibhapathizwa lendodana yakhe Borisa Volotskogo, Ivana Ruzskogo futhi umambuli share kwesikhulu.

Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery (Volokolamsk wesifunda, esifundeni eMoscow)

Ukusekela iziphathimandla lokho okumelwe zikwenze kwenza ukuba ayokwakha kabusha atehlukanisa isonto lokuqala sokhuni sezindela nje izinyanga ezimbili zasehlobo 1479. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva ukuphila ke salandelwa lombhishobhi itshe. Isigodlo ngokushesha iba ezibiyele, azungezwe izindonga awugqinsi. Saba khona yini ejele ngenxa eyamukelwayo. I wesigodlo uJosefa, ezakhiwe iSonto Lobu-Orthodox erenki endela, khona umshushisi oshisekayo abashisekeli benkolo yobuJuda futhi ngikhulumele semthethweni ngizoke zezindela ongalungile, kuhlanganise umhlaba. Wabhala ukuthi "... infidels kanye namambuka Kwakungafanele kuphela ukusilahla nenzondo, kodwa futhi ulethe kwakuzondeka zabo, futhi ukuba uzisebenzise abalimele, ongcwelisayo isandla sakhe ... lesi ngeziphathimandla kudingeka abalethe a isijeziso esinesihluku." Joseph walondoloza izincwadi, ephikisana non-abanikazi (ngokukhethekile, nge uNeil Sora) ukuthi izindela ezingabukeki babe nomhlaba kanye ukuhlobisa Temple Golden. Abbot washona ngo 1515. Abagcotshwa e 1579. Lokhu kwawukubakhumbuza ngegazi lakhe, Josephites, ekhulwini lesikhombisa, ngolaka wabalwela ekuthatheni umhlaba futhi abalimi ababagqilazayo. Ngo-2009, Patriarh Kirill limenyezelwe nomvikeli Iosifa Volotskogo ibhizinisi ngesiRashiya Lobu-Orthodox.

ezibiyele

Buildings Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery ukubonwa ekude. Shine segolide domes wamabandla, peeping ngemuva izindonga zaba mhlophe nge izintuba. Emhlabeni sezindela kwaphulwa yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi. Abenzi kuphela ivinjiwe dlela umhlaseli kungenzeka, kodwa futhi ubuyise izindela Refectory inhlanzi okumnandi. Izindonga zomuzi, enqabeni yesigodlo waba kabusha kambalwa. Abode ngempumelelo samelana ukuvinjezelwa ibutho Polish-Lithuanian e 1612. Izindonga zenzelwe njengoba imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo futhi Melee. umbhoshongo yabo esikukhompiyutha. Ngamunye wabo - wobuciko esiyingqayizivele bokwakha ukuzivikela. The enhle kakhulu wabo Germanova. Thina lisondela ubone emnyango isethwe ku 2009 kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo St Iosifu Volotskomu. Ngemva kwakhe kungabonwa kakhulu abagqoke kahle Gate Church, wanikezela kubaPhostoli uPetru noPawulu. Yakhiwa 1679 ku Moscow teremkovom isitayela. Asihambe ngesango.

Yakhelwe ngaphakathi esigodlweni. Church of kweNyuka Our Lady

Phakathi nokuphila uMfundisi wesigodlo Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, e 1486, yayakhiwe esizeni a ngokhuni itshe isonto. Ukuze imidwebo yakhe naye wamenywa ukuba umculi odumile futhi zihlaba umxhwele noDiyonisiyu. Lapho-ke kwaba fashion baraque eMoscow, ibandla lalikhula futhi iguqulwe ibe isonto lombhishobhi. ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni 1688-1696. Leli thempeli emihlanu oluyingungu is abatelekile ubuhle bayo kanye nobuhle. Ungagijimeli ukuya ngaphakathi. Okokuqala, zungeza lombhishobhi. Ngaphandle kwezindonga zawo ahlotshiswe amathayili enziwa ekhulwini lesikhombisa studio somculi UStepan Polubes. Manje hamba phakathi ethempelini. Icons, eyabhalwa noDiyonisiyu, alukapheli. Bona kungabonwa ethempelini. A gem wangempela esontweni usuke uyinkonzo iconostasis ezinhlanu abaphuma ezibaziweyo, ocwebezelayo wegolide. Ulwazi-pilgrim: kulelibandla embukisweni amandla futhi kwagqashuka amaketanga kuzozonke St Joseph. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Isigodlo itholakala ethuneni izikhulu Volotsk, John noTheodore.

izakhiwo Okunye esigodlweni sezindela

Uma kungenzeka babejabulela udumo ekhethekile belfry Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. Yakhiwa ngo-1511 futhi eyakhelene ethempelini ubudala. Khona-ke umbhoshongo insimbi ngobunono "bamba" ku ezindongeni lombhishobhi entsha. Kuthiwa ngosuku olucwathile kusukela phezulu yayo loyibona eMoscow. Kodwa ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, amabutho aseSoviet ayesebuyela iqhume umbhoshongo insimbi. Manje isisekelo salo selibekiwe futhi elinde ukubuyiselwa kwabo. Yini ukuvakashela emuva Volovets Joseph Monastery? Okokuqala, sekushiwo esangweni isonto. Senibheka Germanov umbhoshongo ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lizungezwe White Honey izinqolobane, kanye isakhiwo sezindela nge keliyami. Esikhathini Refectory ka wezindela ithé sisadla Iosif Volotsky. Ngokusho uhlelo isakhiwo yezakhiwo iphindwa le Faceted Chamber of Moscow ezibiyele - ikhodi kusekelwe insika. Okunye okuphawulekayo yilokho enhle ekhoneni umbhoshongo.

sezindela osaziwayo

Ngeshwa, isiko enkulu noma nabangane abangamaKristu phakathi kwabafowabo, ngaphandle umsunguli Isigodlo, wayengekho. Kodwa abaphikisi bangamalungu eziningi languishing etilongweni we sezindela. Phakathi kakhulu kahle aziwayo kusengathiwa St Maxim lesiGreki, umbhali kanye enkolweni, futhi, abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Prince uVasili Patrickeyev, wethiwa igama elithi Izigodlo Bassion futhi Basil Kuritsyn noMathewu Bashkin - osomaqhinga e inkonzo Tsar eMoscow - futhi ogqunywe ejele uJosefa wase Volokolamsk. Bakhandwa kuthandeke i-uMfundisi ukuthi obala wakhuluma nestyazhatelstva isidingo. imfundiso yabo kwathiwa lombhishobhi e 1504 baqede "abashisekeli benkolo yobuJuda." Volokolamsk, uJosefa-Volokolamsk Monastery waba ejele ngenxa Vasiliya Shuyskogo futhi ovelele ku uqhekeko isonto Gerasim Firsov.

Burial esigodlweni sezindela

Sishilo kakade ukuthi kukhona ithuna izikhulu - abafowethu uJohn no-Fedora Borisovichey. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva wezindela 1989, yanikwa iBandla, amandla Iosifa Volotskogo zitholakele. amaketanga ambophile bayiswa esigodlweni sezindela Museum 'neJerusalema Elisha "e Istra. UJosefa wase-sezindela Volokolamsk stauropegic yaba indawo ezolile futhi eledlule ye wadingiselwa lapha Ivanom Groznym Metropolitan kaDaniyeli. Futhi wangcwatshwa lapha Novgorod-Archbishop uTheodosius. Emathuneni bangcwatshwe, futhi abanye ungubani wokuziphilisa owaziwa. It Malyuta Skuratov, inhloko yabangamashumi nonogada, futhi Umninindawo emzaneni Yaropolets Goncharova, okuyinto eyabangela unina-A. S. Pushkinu.

Esisha Umlando Isigodlo

Uma esigodlweni sezindela waba wezincwadi omkhulu, futhi kusukela eminyakeni 1777 kuya 1823, kwaba khona esikoleni amadodana abapristi. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, Isigodlo wayaziwa njengomuntu ophansi indawo eqashelwe. indawo yayo elingalodwa, izindonga enamandla ivunyelwe ukuthi isebenzise uhlelo sezindela njengoba esejele. Emigodini sezindela equkethwe hhayi kuphela izitha siqu wesigodlo uVenerable Iosifa Volotskogo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa agcinwa Poland, futhi 1812 - iziboshwa French empi. Ngemva Okthoba Yenguquko 1917 yesigodlo savalwa. Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1989 lapho wawusegunjini lezintandane.

Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery Indlela uthole khona

Lokhu izakhamizi eMoscow Region Luhambo yenhloko-dolobha ungavakashela ngosuku olulodwa. Thola kuJosefa-Volokolamsk Monastery akunzima kakhulu, ngisho noma sisebenzisa ukuhamba kwezithuthi zomphakathi. Kufanele uqale ukufinyelela emzaneni Teryaevo. Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery kuyinto ikhilomitha kuwo. Ngaphambi Teryaevo engafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Inketho sokuqala ukuba uthole esitimeleni esiya Volokolamsk (Riga isiqondiso). Kusukela esiteshini sesitimela inombolo ibhasi 31. kudingeka Bona ukuya stop "Valuiki" futhi eminye ukulandela kuze ikhilomitha kuya enyakatho sezindela. Indlela yesibili lula: ukuya esiteshini sesitimela Chismena bese inombolo ibhasi 23, beya emzaneni Teryaevo. Kusukela emzaneni kufanele ahambe ibanga ikhilomitha kuya entshonalanga.