11 opapa eyindida kunazo zonke emlandweni

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka iSonto LamaKatolika ikhetha abaholi engcono Uyakufanelekela, yakhelwe ukuhola umhlambi multimillion. Nokho, phakathi opapa 266 ayengebona izibonelo kokholo lwabo nokulalela kwabo. Ezinye zazo wakhumbula kwezijeziso nesihluku, amahlazo okuthusayo amabhizinisi amnyama wezimali ezingekho emthethweni.

UPapa uStefanu VI

Lokhu Upapa ngaphambilini yokumba emzimbeni eyandulela wakhe Formosa nokuziphatha nesihluku kwecala lakhe. umzimba odlule kapapa, futhi isitha kukaStefanu VI wayegqoke izingubo sobupapa utshaleke esihlalweni ummangalelwa. Corpse ukubuza imibuzo yena wathi Upapa lamanje. Ekupheleni umzimba enkantolo Formosa wagwetshwa sijeziso esinzima. Angakuqeda iminwe emithathu esandleni ngawo wabusisa abathembekile, bese usika umzimba zibe izicucu futhi aphonswe Tiber. Owenza isenzo esinjalo Kwakungebona esilindele amaRoma, futhi amalungu amaningi Church, futhi uPapa uStefanu VI ngisejele, lapho waklinywa. umzimba ahlahlelwe Formosa zibanjwe futhi zingcwatshwe ethuneni likapapa.

John XII

Lokhu upapa kuthiwa ayebheka upapa kokuziphatha okubi kunazo isikhathi sakhe, kodwa futhi emlandweni weSonto LamaKatolika hhayi kuphela. Esihlalweni sobukhosi sobupapa eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-18, uJohane waphenduka esigodlweni sakhe ku endaweni yezifebe, futhi idlalwe iminikelo wabangcwele. Ngisho sizana uPapa Otto mina engxoxweni siqu John XII, esolwa ngokubulala, isifungo sokukhuluma iqiniso, ukuhlambalaza kanye ukulalana kwezihlobo nodadewabo. Ngokwemibiko ethile, John XII bashonele izandla umyeni wakhe, ubani umkakhe ishintshile nge Upapa. Ekubambeni kwabo embhedeni, umyeni wagan 'unwabu beat ubaba. Ngenxa kokushaywa Upapa yashona ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu.

Pope Benedict IX

Lokhu upapa esihlalweni sobukhosi kathathu. Ngokokuqala ngqá, ngokusho kwemibiko eziphikisanayo, kwaba iminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-20. Kunoma ikuphi, he was fike of opapa lomncane kanye elidumile kakhulu emlandweni wesonto. mlando isiJalimane, wathi ka Benedict njengoba idemoni esihogweni, ngubani esihlalweni sobukhosi ngesimo umfundisi wamaKatolika. Wamangalelwa ngokuvukela lokubulala, ukweba nokuphinga. Ngokwesazi-mlando saseRoma, esigodlweni sobupapa, Benedict IX kwakuhlala njengengelosi sultan Oriental, sizungezwe ingcebo nezancinza.

Boniface VIII

Lokhu upapa, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi abathi Nokho kube esinesono kakhulu, futhi akuyona sokulalela esihle nokholo. Ngemva kokuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi, Wakha amatshe ezikhumbuzo yena lonke eRoma futhi zamemezela ukuthi ubuhlobo bobulili nabantu abafana abancane kungekho abanesono ezingaphezu kuka bezihlikihla zezandla.

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, wathumba wonke umuzi ngenxa izingxabano zezombangazwe wathola ngokwakhe isitha esifayo salowo omkhulu Dante Alighieri. Kuyinto ukwazi ukuthi Boniface ungaphakathi emjikelezweni yesishiyagalombili isihogo umsebenzi uDante sika, "The Divine Comedy."

Sixtus IV

Lokhu Upapa wamangalelwa ukunukubezwa sodomy, kanye neqiniso lokuthi esinye bomzala bakhe kwaba umkhiqizo ukulalana kwezihlobo phakathi Sixtus kanye nodadewabo omncane. Kodwa kunzima ukulandelela ukunemba ngalezi zinsolo ngenxa yokuthi umbhishobhi wayenezitha eziningi ezinamandla. Yini Sixtus IV Ngokuqinisekile ungakuhlanganisa ngokuthi kuyinto nepotism. Cishe bonke bomzala bakhe babe okhadinali, futhi omunye wabo ngisho eba uPapa. Ngaphezu isigxivizo ongathandeki zomlando weSonto, Sixtus kwaba engumxhasi wezobuciko, isayensi kanye izakhiwo kweqiniso. Wayala ukwakhiwa edumile eSistine Chapel, futhi abuyiselwe amasonto amaningi zonakale eRoma.

Innocent VIII

Innocent esihlalweni sobukhosi sobupapa ngaphansi kwesivikelo ibhizinisi Rover umndeni, elalingelamaFilisti eyandulela wakhe. Lona Upapa kuphela, angabazi abantwana babo ongekho emthethweni, kwaba eziyisishiyagalombili obala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Innocent waqhubeka mayelana Genriha Kramera, umbhali elidumile "Hammer of Witches", futhi wakhipha inkunzi obiza isijeziso abathakathi okuxhumana noSathane, okwaholela izinqubo abadumile inquisitorial okuhloswe olubhekiswe kwabesifazane kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

U-Alexander VI

Ngesikhathi conclave ka-Aleksandru uvotele abantu 7 kuphela, futhi waqhubeka ukufumbathisa, cishe wathenga isihlalo sobukhosi nezinye ukhetho. URodrigo Borgia wazitholela emhlabeni, waba upapa ngo-1492. Ukubusa kwakhe kweminyaka besihambisana nesiminyaminya ukulala nesihlobo, emibuthanweni yokudakwa nangokuphila omningi imali. Ngemva lokubulala yakhe ethandekayo indodana Upapa elibuyekeziwe umbono wakhe ngale nasimilo futhi wehlisa umoya, kodwa akazange abe ngaphansi enobudlova. On imiyalo yakhe, walengiswa ezidumile ethandwa uGirolamo Savonarola, isola Alexander nezinye obaba e ukonakala. Ngemva Alexander ayikwazanga ukugwazela indela, watshelwa ukuba angathatha ukuphetha Savonarola, bese wagwetshwa babulawelwe kuzo phambi komphakathi. Lesi senzo eduze kakhulu beziNguquko.

Julius II

Julius II ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi uyise abesabekayo. Yena wayengumbulali enamandla, enobudlova futhi esebenzayo kakhulu, ngisho wahlanganyela imikhankaso lezempi e-Italy, futhi phambili. Ukubusa kwakhe kuye kwaholela ukunwetshwa States kapapa nokuwela Venice. Iningi uJulius II liyaziwa imisebenzi yakhe zokuphana, singcono kakhulu ngisho nalabo bomfowabo kayise Sixtus. Kodwa uJulius wabulawa izinkinga ugcunsula, okuyinto izinkontileka ngenxa oxhumana namanxusa mkhakha endala. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe stupas yakhe Upapa zambozwa cishe ngokuphelele izilonda, ukuze abakholwa ayikwazanga bakhothame phambi kwabo futhi awange.

Leo X

Leo X kwakungekaNkulunkulu umndeni Medici futhi kwaba ube ngumsizi wabaningi, esaziwayo kwezobuciko futhi osebenzisa imali zasebukhosini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wachitha yonke yengcebo kwesokunxele uJulius II, izindleko zakhe kakhulu idlule imali lopapa. Ukuze uqinisekise indlela yokuphila zikanokusho, umbhishobhi waqala ukudayisa nokuzitika futhi cardinal izikhundla. Lesi simo sengqondo esingaholela ekoneni ukuthethelela kuholela thuthuva phezu ingxenye abefundisi ngisho nakubantu abavamile. Scandal lapho amalahle wavuthwa amacebo elwela izinguquko.

lukaPaul IV

Paul esihlalweni sobukhosi zisencane eziphambili, kodwa phakathi neminyaka emine wokubusa kwakhe, wenza autocracy ngokuphelele futhi ngakhula kwethonya Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi. I esibi kunazo oda wakhe - ukuthumela wonke amaJuda ghettos nokululazeka ukuba laba bantu ababhekana nakho ukuze besahlala khona. Ngu oda Upapa kwabhujiswa emasinagogeni abaqhuba eRoma. LukaPaul IV kwase liyabazonda kubantu ngemva kokufa kwakhe abakhileyo amaRoma abhubhisa konke eziqoshiwe akhe nezithombe.

Urban VIII

I Management Board of Upapa imakwe kwesivivinyo eziyihlazo kabi uGalileo. Despotic Pope Urban awawazisanga usosayensi Uzame ukudlulisa umsebenzi zakhe ezizinikezele ohlelweni heliocentric zezwe, futhi uqobo owengamela enkantolo. Wasikisela uGalileo ukuhoxisa esidlangalaleni amazwi akhe noma ume phezu komlilo, njengoba Giordano Bruno. UGalileo wakhetha ukugcina ukuphila, futhi isonto liye waxolisa ukuba nesimo sengqondo esinjalo kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eminingana.