John: ukuhumusha umbhalo wasendulo

IVangeli likaJohane - lokhu ingenye ezilandisayo ezine ivangeli yobuKristu, kufakwe endaweni efanele ohlwini lwezincwadi zemiBhalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi akukho neyodwa kulezi zinkolo izincwadi zazingasekho efakazelwe ubuqambi, kodwa kubhekwa ngokwesiko ukuthi levangeli zonke abafundi abane kaKristu elotshwe - abaphostoli. Ngisho ngokuvumelana ubufakazi umbhishobhi wase-Lyons uIrenaeus, a Polycrates, owayemazi ngokuseduze uJohane athi nombhali okuhlukile okukodwa we "izindaba ezinhle." Indawo iVangeli wezenkolo umcabango zenkolo uhlukile, ngoba umbhalo ngokwawo - akuyona nje hhayi kakhulu impilo kanye nezimiso likaJesu Kristu, njengoba uhlaka lwenkulumo wakhe kanye nabafundi. Hhayi ngaphandle isizathu, abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lapho elandisa isungule ngaphansi kwethonya nobu-Gnostic, kodwa kwaba bemthanda okuthiwa ukunyakaza zezihlubuki futhi heterodox.

Ukuhunyushwa eVangelini likaJohane esikhathini ekuqaleni

UbuKristu ngaphambi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesine kwakungelona dwala bagomele kunalokho engaziwa ngaphambi imfundiso emhlabeni Hellenic. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uJohane umbhalo Yamukelwa ngezandla ezifudumele abaholi bokusungula lasendulo, njengoba waboleka esigabeni sayo zefilosofi. Lo mbhalo ithakazelisa kakhulu ekuchazeni ubudlelwano phakathi umoya futhi ndaba, okuhle nokubi, uNkulunkulu nezwe. Hhayi ngaphandle isizathu esanduleleni okuvula eVangeli likaJohane likhuluma okuthiwa Izimpawu. "UNkulunkulu - liyiZwi" - obala uthi umlobi wemiBhalo (Johane 1.1). Kodwa Izimpawu - ingenye izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu categorical wefilosofi lasendulo. Omunye uthola umuzwa wokuthi umbhali umbhalo kweqiniso kwakungelona komJuda nomGreki, owayenolwazi imfundo yekhethelo.

Umbuzo we wesisusa

Kubukeka ekuqaleni ngempela okuyimfihlakalo eVangelini likaJohane - okubizwa ngokuthi kwesandulela, okusho inhloko 1 kuya 18. Ukuqonda kanye incazelo yaleli umbhalo ekugcineni waba isikhubekiso ebuKristwini Orthodox, kusukela lapho etholakala lokulungisiswa zenkolo ekudalweni kwemhlaba kanye theodicy. Ngokwesibonelo, le nkulumo abadumile, okuyinto ifana-King James Version, "zonke izinto zenziwa ngaye (ie Nkulunkulu), futhi singenzi lutho ngaphandle kwaKhe, ukuthi kwakukhona" (Johane 1.3). Nokho, uma ubheka EsiGrekini sokuqala, kubonakala sengathi kunemibhalo yesandla emibili yakudala zamaVangeli nge ukupela ezahlukene. Futhi uma omunye wabo kuqinisekisa ukuhunyushwa Orthodox, Neyesibili umsindo kanje: "Zonke ngaYe, futhi ngaphandle kwaKhe kwakungekho lutho." Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili yokwahluka esikhathini soyise yokuqala yobuKristu isonto esetshenziswa, kodwa kamuva kwaba inguqulo yokuqala wangena amasiko esonto njengemiphumela "ideologically lesifanele".

Gnostic

Lona ivangeli yesine kwakungu zithandwa kakhulu abaphikisi ezihlukahlukene naletintfo Orthodox of Christianity, ababebizwa ngokuthi ama-izihlubuki. Esikhathini kwezinsuku zokuqala zobuKristu, ngokuvamile kwakungamadodana Gnostic. Bona inqatshelwe incarnation komzimba kaKristu, futhi eziningi kangaka ezivela umbhalo Gospel, okufakazela bemvelo ongokomoya kuphela kaNkulunkulu, woza angayithandi. Ngo Ubu futhi ngokuvamile ziqhathaniswa Nkulunkulu, ngubani "emhlabeni wonke", noMdali nenhlalakahle yethu engaphelele. Futhi iVangeli likaJohane linikeza isizathu esiqinile sokukholelwa ukuthi ukubusa okubi ezimpilweni zethu asiveli uBaba osezulwini. It is wayevame ngoNkulunkulu futhi le ngxabano emhlabeni. Shono omunye otolika lokuqala leVangeli kwaba noyedwa kubafundi edumile Gnostic Valentine - Heracleon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nezitha yenkolelo yayithandwa semibhalo ye-Apocrypha siqu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona okubizwa ngokuthi "Imibuzo zikaJohane", okubhekise la mazwi abe yimfihlo-ke uJesu wathi abafundi bakhe ozithandayo.

"A wobuciko zika-Origen"

Ngakho ngokuthi lasendulo semfundiso yenkolo amazwana ku eVangelini likaJohane, umhloli wamazwe French Henri Kruzel. Encwadini yakhe ethi u-Origen ugxeke indlela Gnostic nombhalo, kuyilapho kabanzi ecaphuna ophikisana naye. Lokhu indzaba wemibhalo echaza imibhalo yenkolo lapho isazi semfundiso yenkolo abadumile ngesiGreki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umelana ukutolika engaziwa, futhi ngakolunye - ubeka phambili iziphakamiso eziningana, kuhlanganise nalezo eziphathelene yesimo sikaKristu (isibonelo, akholelwa ukuthi umuntu ukuba ngithuthe essence yayo siqu ezingelosini) kamuva abangu uthathwa zezihlubuki. Ikakhulukazi, isebenzisa futhi translation Ying: 1.3, kamuva waqaphela njengoba esingesihle.

Ukuhunyushwa iVangeli Ioanna Zlatousta

Ubu-Orthodox uyaziqhenya uzichaza owaziwa zemiBhalo. Ziyakwazi ngakwesokudla kuyinto ioann Zlatoust. ukuhumusha kwaKhe Gospel kuyingxenye kunomsebenzi omkhulu mayelana nokuchazwa kwemiBhalo, oqala ngokuthi iTestamente Elidala. Ubonisa erudition ezinkulu, bezama ukuthola okushiwo zonke lemagama. incazelo yakhe kudlala indima ikakhulukazi polemical futhi aqondiswe ngokumelene nabaphikisi Orthodox. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhunyushwa ngenhla Ying: .1,3 ioann Zlatoust ekugcineni ukuqaphela zezihlubuki, nakuba ngiyijabulele Obaba abathandekayo kweBandla, ngokukhethekile, Kliment Aleksandriysky.

Lapho ivangeli sahunyushelwa ngokuya zezombusazwe

Kungase kuzwakale isimanga, kodwa wayengahambisani nokuchazwa kwemiBhalo futhi esetshenziswa ukuze kuthethelelwe repressions mass, abhubhise abantu engadingeki nokuzingela. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ibonakala kahle kakhulu emlandweni iSonto LamaRoma Katolika. Ngezikhathi iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ekubeni isahluko 15 eVangeli likaJohane yasetshenziselwa zenkolo eziphikisana ngazo ukuze bathethelele ukushiswa izihlubuki esigxotsheni. Uma sifunda imiBhalo umugqa, bemqhuba sikwazi ukuqhathanisa iNkosi emvinini nabafundi bakhe - ne amagatsha. Ngakho, ukuhlola eVangelini likaJohane (isahluko 15, ivesi 6), kungenzeka ukuthola amazwi okufanele yenziwe ngalabo abangafuni abide eNkosini. Bona, namagatsha angatheli, usike, eqoqwe futhi uphonswe emlilweni. Lesi sifaniso we jurists medieval uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli umthetho wakwazi ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi, kanjalo anike nokubulawa "ezinhle" nesihluku nokhahlo. Nakuba lokho okushiwo iVangeli likaJohane kuphambene ngokuphelele ngale ncazelo.

eyamukelwayo Medieval nokuchazwa kwayo

Phakathi nokubusa iSonto LamaRoma Katolika ukumelana naso Yali okuthiwa izihlubuki. Izazi-mlando zezwe Modern ukukholelwa ukuthi kwakunguSamuweli abantu abanjalo ukubukwa babengafani "wabizela kwaphezulu," naletintfo iziphathimandla zenkolo. Ngezinye izikhathi bavalelwa umphakathi, ubani obizwa nangokuthi ngokwabo amasonto. Nabaphikisi esesabekayo kakhulu amaKatolika kulokhu kwakungamadodana Cathars. Abenzi kuphela kwadingeka nabefundisi balo siqu esigaba sabefundisi, kodwa futhi yenkolo. ImiBhalo abawuthandayo kwakunguJohane. Babehumusha ke ezilimini kazwelonke emazweni zisekelwa sabantu. Ngaphambi safika umbhalo ngolimi Occitan. Kuyo, kwakuyizilwane ukuhunyushwa wesisusa, okwakubekelwa uyaliwa yisonto olusemthethweni, bekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa olungisiswayo ukhona abaphikisa uNkulunkulu, umthombo wobubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nokuchaza isahluko kakhulu efanayo 15, bagcizelela imiyalo imphilo lengcwele, hhayi sokuhambisana ngemibhedesho. Umuntu olingisa uKristu uyikho ukubizwa ngokuthi umngane wakhe - isiphetho abazenza eVangelini likaJohane. Adventures Izincazelo ezahlukene umbhalo yemibhalo ngempela ezifundisayo futhi ubonise ukuthi zonke ukuhumusha iBhayibheli ingasetshenziswa kokubili inzuzo womuntu futhi ukulimala kwakhe.