Indlela, eya phansi emlandweni - imoto yokuqala emhlabeni

Esikhathini sethu, imoto iyindlela yokuhamba engabizi. Kwakukhona izinsuku lapho imoto yayiyi-luxury. Noma kunjalo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe "ibeke umthumbi" izimpahla ezahlukene zezimoto. Manje umuntu angathenga noma iyiphi imoto enamasondo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abantu bathuthela ngosizo lwamahhashi. Yona kuphela indlela yokunqoba ibanga elide. Yiqiniso, ngezindinganiso zanamuhla, amahhashi akwazi ukuncintisana nezimoto zekhulu lama-21. Nokho, ezinsukwini zakudala ihhashi elihle lalifanele imali eningi.

Isikhathi sonke abantu baye balwela ukuphelela kwamagatsha onke. Ngomnyaka we-1880, umsebenzi omkhulu ngokwemikhakha eminingi eyenziwa ngamagama wezwe waphawula. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokusungulwa kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ukuvulwa kwakungu-Augustine Otto. Kusukela ngo-1876, zonke izingqondo zalesi sigaba ziye zacabangela ukuthi zingayithuthukisa kanjani ukwakhiwa. Futhi ngoJanuwari 26, 1886 uKarl Benz wehla emlandweni njengendoda eyadala imoto yokuqala emhlabeni nge injini yephesolini. Manje abase-Austrian bathi ukuvulwa kwabo kungokwabo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyona nje inkolelo engavumelekile.

Ubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe uKarl Benz uzohlala phakathi kwama mechanics amaningi angaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, amagama abo aziwa kuphela ezinqolobaneni. Empeleni, icala lihlukile. Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi kwakubonga kuphela umkakhe, umsunguli odumile, ukuthi wakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi umhlaba wonke uyasiza ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe. Umkakhe uBerta Ringent wayeyintombazane enamandla eyayibheka umbono osebenzayo. Ngalezo zinsuku, zonke izinto ezintsha azizange zijabulise, kodwa ngokushesha zathola isimo sengqondo sokuziphendulela. Inhlekelele enjalo yafika imoto yokuqala emhlabeni. Ngo-1885, uBenz wabonisa indalo yakhe izakhamizi zaseMannheim. Ngenxa yalokho, kusukela emotweni we-motor, ihhashi lomthengisi lahlehlisa zonke izimpahla. Umsunguli kufanele akhokhele ukulahlekelwa. Njengoba bethi, "i-pancake yokuqala i-lumpy." Kodwa-ke, uKarl akazange alahlekelwe futhi ngemuva konyaka athuthukise imoto.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusungulwa kwemoto akuzange kubangele kakhulu izakhamizi. Impumelelo yangempela yatholwa yi-mechanic, lapho umkakhe namadodana amabili benza uhambo lwamakhilomitha angu-180 ezihlotsheni zabo. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungumsebenzi omkhulu. I-gasoline yayithengiswa kuphela ezitolo ze-diesel, kwakudingeka ukuqapha njalo ukusebenza kwamabhuleki enkuni. Kodwa ubunzima bakhokhelwa ngenzalo. Ngemva kwalolu hambo, imoto yokuqala yemoto emithathu emhlabeni, egijima phezu kwephethiloli, yaqaphela abantu. Abantu babuthana ndawonye ukuze babheke inqola yemangaliso ngaphandle kwehhashi elilodwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umsunguli ngo-1893 wakwazi ukusebenzisa umshini wesondo ezine. I-device ngaleso sikhathi yayinehlelo eliyingqayizivele le-pivot yokuguqula amasondo. Okusho ukuthi, bahlambalaza nge-axis yabo ngayinye. Iyunithi yayimelelwe injini ye-litre amathathu enehhashi elilodwa lamakhulu amahhashi. Ngalesi sidalo, i-Benz yayiziqhenya kakhulu. I-Model "Velo" ibhekwa njengemoto yokuqala, eyayifakwa ekukhiqizeni i-batch (amayunithi angama-381). I-Russia yabona intsha ngo-1894.

Kukhona impikiswano enkulu egameni lomklami oqoqe imoto yokuqala emhlabeni. Abase-Austrian bakholelwa ukuthi uSiegfried Marcus wasekhaya wenza imoto yokuthutha kusukela ngo-1875 kuya ku-1889. UDaimler othile, isizwe saseBenz, ngonyaka olandelayo (ngo-1887) wasungula imoto eyathola isicelo esisebenzayo. Iningi lezazi-mlando lisekela imibono ehlukene ngale ndaba. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo: "ngubani owasungula imoto kuqala", kukhona impendulo eyodwa kuphela - uKarl Benz. Nguye lo muntu owanikezela imoto yokuqala emhlabeni nge injini yephethiloli.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, umlando wembonini yezimoto yisayensi ethakazelisayo, egcwele amaqiniso ajabulisayo kanye nezizinda eziyisisekelo ezingenakuqedwa.