UMengameli waseMelika Karter Dzhimmi: Biography, izithombe

Sezombangazwe Dzhimmi Karter wenza umsebenzi kuzo lezo iphupho wonke umuntu waseMelika. Uye kusukela umlimi elula White House, wahlala emlandweni we-US, kodwa kwakungafanele athole uthando olukhulu sabantu, akakwazanga ukuzibamba kusho iHhovisi likaMengameli. Nokho, Carter kuye kwafeza indima emlandweni wonke, futhi indlela yakhe yokuphila okufanele zenzuzo.

neminyaka

Karter Dzhimmi wazalelwa emndenini umlimi elichumayo esifundazweni saseGeorgia, October 1, 1924. Lutho wabikezela umsebenzi brilliant zezombusazwe, nakuba abazali wanikeza ingane imfundo yekhethelo: ubehambele khona-Southwestern State College futhi Georgia Tech. Kodwa akazange ngihlele ukuya kwezombusazwe, futhi aphuphe ngaye ekubeni isosha. Ngakho-ke engena Naval Academy kanye US, enethemba ukufeza amaphupho abo. Iminyaka engu-10, wenzé ngempumelelo i-career kwizimboni Navy, wakhonza kuzo zenuzi ngwenya imikhumbi, waba isikhulu esiphezulu.

Kodwa ngo-1953, izimo zomkhaya yafuna ukusula kwakhe impi. Ubaba wakhe washona, nokunakekela ukuphathwa yepulazi yawela emahlombe uJimmy. Kunguye kuphela umshana wakhe lalingakwazi ukuhlanganyela ukutshala amantongomane, nokunye Jimmy wathatha ukulawulwa ipulazi. Umndeni wakhe imithetho eqinile, uyise wavuma ubhapathizo kanye bakhulisa izingane emasikweni enkolo. Jimmy conservatism ezithile njengefa kuyise. Kodwa kunina amnikeza umsebenzi omkhulu emphakathini. Useke wahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi, ngisho esevele zisencane eziphambili, akazange ashiye nemisebenzi yabo kanye nomsebenzi, ezifana Ukuthula Corps eNdiya.

Jimmy ngakho ngempumelelo kwaholela epulazini lakhe, okuyinto ngokushesha waba ngusozigidi futhi waqala ukwenza imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle.

inqubomgomo endleleni

Ngo-1961, Karter Dzhimmi izinyathelo endleleni zezombusazwe, uba yilungu District weBhodi Yemfundo, is ke wadlulela iSigele State of Georgia. Ngo-1966, angenele Carter sika kokuthunyelwe okwakuhlala kuyo umbusi wombuso, kodwa alahlekelwe emncintiswaneni, nokho, awukhulumi zehluke target okuhloswe, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emine kuthatha phezulu. platform umkhankaso wakhe yayakhiwe Ukuqedwa lishumi yelubandlululo, umbono iqondisa yakhe inkanyezi zonke ukhetho e Georgia, kwaba organic kuhlamvu kanye nenqubomgomo ukubukwa. Carter ubekade Democratic Party futhi enethemba lokuthi esihlalweni iphini likamengameli ngesikhathi nokuphathwa D. Ford, kodwa wahamba Nelson Rockefeller. Khona-ke, uJimmy umbono lokuba umongameli.

umjaho wokhetho lomasipala

Isimo e-United States nomthelela yokuthi abantu eyayidumazekile Republican futhi Democratic Party, kuhlanganise Carter, ithuba elingcono ukulwela iHhovisi likaMengameli. Carter wenziwe eqa Amazing, washeshe baphuthuma elite Inqubomgomo American, ngokuba 9 izinyanga lokuqala kokuqala njengoba inyumbazane emncintiswaneni ngaphambi kokuba umholi ecacile.

umkhankaso wayo wokhetho okwenzeka ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuba ukwamukelwa yomthetho ngezimali zomphakathi kwezenzakalo ezinjalo, kuba nokulinganisa amathuba abazobhapathizwa nokusiza Carter. Futhi ukudlalwa umusa wakhe nehlazo Watergate, amaMelika emva amashenanigeni ka Nixon wayengasafuni ukholelwa ukuthi osopolitiki abaqeqeshiwe abaye ehlisa ngokwabo. Wasebenzisa Democratic Party, nibekezelela ukhetho ukhetho phakathi kwabantu, okuyinto kubhekwa Carter. Jimmy owayesekele abaholi ukunyakaza ukuvikela amalungelo abantu abamnyama, kube wamnikeza iningi lamavoti. Ekuqaleni lo mncintiswano ngaphambi Carter D. Ford ngu azungeze 30%, kodwa ekugcineni kwaba njalo ukhuluphele amaphesenti amabili. Usalokhu kugwema nokugqamisa evelele Southern, e cula abezindaba akazange ababukele kunenzuzo ngakho njengoba nje umphikisi wakhe. Carter akazange abe nokuqonda okuhle ne izigwili umbuso, kwathathwa njengosongo dilettante zezombusazwe, futhi ngeke aphazamise kuye, uma kunokhetho nje kuphela kodwa futhi ngesikhathi u.

inombolo Man 1 eMelika

Novemba 2, 1976 izindaba ejensi emhlabeni yabika: Dzhimmi Karter - umongameli US. umkhankaso Ukhetho iphelile, kodwa ezikhathini ezinzima kuphela saqhubekela Carter. I US umnotho kule nkathi isiqediwe ngu nempi yaseVietnam, kanye esibucayi ezinzima uwoyela, eyayiwukuba lizwe njengoba eseyintsha. Sasidinga, izinyathelo ezintsha olukhulu ezazizosiza avuselele umnotho. Umongameli kwadingeka lilwe ukwenyuka kakhulu kwamandla emali, ukufuna izindlela ukubuyisela ukukhula komnotho, kuthatha izinqumo ezingathandeki futhi uvusa izintela, okuyinto akukuniki umphumela kwezomnotho oyifunayo, kodwa umisa abantu elalimelene nenqubo kahulumeni.

Izwe liba uphethiloli ezibizayo kanye nezinye izidingo, Karter Dzhimmi ifuna izindlela tinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena uzama kanzima ukuthi singafani Nixon - umongameli elidumile kwesikhathi umhlalaphansi. Carter uyenqaba izinzuzo eziningi, sithembele umuntu wokuqala wombuso: akafuni ukugibela endaweni Limousine ngosuku kunikezelwa, ugqoke iziqu zakhe, ethengisa yacht kamongameli. Okokuqala, umphakathi uyajabula, kodwa ke kufika ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zenzo akudingeki okuqukethwe, kodwa kuphela Okusemthethweni.

Ukunqoba ukuzikhukhumeza elite zezombusazwe, Carter uzuza e abasebenzi bakahulumeni nezinsizwa ezazisebenza naye e Georgia, umlamuleli kuphela phakathi umongameli nalabo abane- isimo iyona Vice-President Uolter Mondeyl.

Dzhimmi Karter, ezifuywayo inqubomgomo angaphandle okuyinto kuyahluka nokushintshashintsha, wafuna bona basuke benezinhloso ezinhle lapho, kodwa akunakwenzeka njalo. Ngokushesha waba yinto yokuhlekwa usulu futhi caricature. Ngokwesibonelo, indaba unogwaja, nokusolakala ukuthi uhlaselwe ukudoba Carter yaphenduka iphamfulethi satirical efanekisa buthaka nokuba manqikanqika umengameli.

UMongameli nokuthula

I angaphandle Politika Dzhimmi Carter sika Ukuvikelwa ezahlukene izithakazelo US nokulangazelela ukunciphisa kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi global. Enkulumweni yakhe mcimbi, uMongameli wathi wayengeke enze konke okusemandleni ukuze lula sokuhlanganiswa ukuthula emhlabeni. Akubangakho zonke kuphumelele. Carter IBhodi waphawula ukuthi eU.S. liye buhle elala USSR. Afeza inqubekelaphambili izivumelwano ku nokukhawulela izingalo amasu, kodwa angazi ukuthi iyeke uhulumeni wamaSoviet kusukela esethulweni amabutho e-Afghanistan. Carter ihlangabezana bazoyiduba-Olympic Games in eMoscow. Ubudlelwano ukuwohloka. Congress akusho yenza isivumelwano phezu USAWOTI-II, futhi ukuthula Carter uthola ngokoqobo kwezombusazwe wezwe. Kubonakala ngaphansi Carter imfundiso, othi i-United States ilungelo ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuhlanganise ezempi. Ekugcineni, waphoqwa ukuba wandise izindleko nokugcina ukuzivikela wezwe, futhi mubi nakakhulu isimo esinzima wezimali ka-United States.

Umongameli ayikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ingxabano waseGibhithe-Israel on eNhlonhlweni yaseSinayi, kodwa izinkinga basePalestine wahlala ezingaxazululeki. Iphinde laphumelela ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni insimu inkosi iPanama Canal.

I enkulu inqubomgomo angaphandle udaba Carter kwaba inkinga of ubudlelwano ne-Iran. I-United States wathi ukuthi esifundeni yisici isithakazelo ukuthi bakulungele ukuvikela. Phakathi Carter kukhona inguqula-mbuso, Ayatollah Khomeini uthi US "Omkhulu USathane" futhi kudinga ekulweni kuleli zwe. Ingxabano yayina kakhulu lapho e Tehran abangu wathunjwa abasebenzi 60 American Embassy. Lokhu ufake ekupheleni sokugcina amathemba Carter ukuthi abe ngumengameli okwesibili. Lokhu kulwa elibukhali Iran alikapheli namuhla.

US ngaphansi States, uJimmy Carter

Izwe kulindeleke kusukela umongameli omusha ukuze baxazulule izinkinga zabo. Sinzima amandla esibucayi, kusilela esikhulu yomphakathi, ukuwa kwamandla emali - la nezinkinga okwakudingeka kubhekwane ngokuphuthuma. Dzhimmi Karter, umongameli wase-United States, owangena izwe libe usesimweni esibucayi, azama ngayo ukunqoba amandla ukwencika-United States, kodwa Congress ivinjiwe uhlelo lwezinguquko zomhlaba. Wahluleka ukunqanda ukwanda amanani kuleli zwe, futhi lokhu kuye kwabangela ukunganeliseki sina sabantu.

Domestic Politika Dzhimmi Carter kwahluka ukuguquguquka futhi ubuthaka bakhe, kwadingeka eziningi ezinhle, wahlela wokuguqula yokuphepha komphakathi yezwe, wafuna ukunciphisa izintengo zokwelashwa, kodwa le misebenzi futhi akazange abuthole ukusekelwa Congress. Umqondo izinguquko eziyisisekelo apharathasi esikhundleni kwezikhulu ikakhulukazi inkolo abangavumelani impendulo lokwenele futsi washiya iphrojekthi. Umkhankaso uthembisa ukunciphisa wenzuzo ukunciphisa lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezweni ukugcina Carter kuhlulekile ngenxa yesimo sezomnotho esinzima. Futhi Inqubomgomo Carter sika wasemakhishini malorezultativnoy kuphela zaba zimbi ulise abavoti yakhe. Abezindaba bamangalela Jimmy namandla nokungazani, babexoxa kuye ukumangalela ukuthi akakwazi ukuphendula iningi izinselele besikhathi sethu.

umzamo

UMongameli Dzhimmi Karter Njengabanye abaningi abangontanga ozakwabo White House, ayizange baphepha kuhlasela. Le ngozi hhayi yabhala abezindaba, ngoba lezokuphepha kungavimbela isibhamu. Ngakho, ngo-1979 ngesikhathi uhambo kumongameli ukuba eCalifornia enkulumweni yesiLatini umphakathi waseMelika kuhlelwe i ukuhlaselwa kuhlonyiwe ku umongameli. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanele abahlanganyeli ezimbili uzungu babevalelwa Oswaldo Ortiz futhi Reymond Li Harvey, okwadingeka enze umsindo ngosizo isibhamu labadubuli izikhala ukuze abanye ababambiqhaza Carter wadutshulwa ngibelethe isibhamu. Amagama kwabozungu ngokushesha ubheke igama umbulali Dzhona Kennedi futhi zibangele okuningi ukungabaza. Ezinye izintatheli baye bamangalela ngisho umongameli okuzobe kudlalelwa umzamo kokubulawa ngenhloso ukuyenga abavoti ohlangothini lwabo. Inqubo angawutholi emphakathini nokuthuthukiswa zokwahlulela, ababulali ezingaba badedelwe ngebheyili. Futhi konke lokhu kwaba esinye ephonsa indebe ukubekezela abavoti kanye betembusave Carter.

kokunqotshwa

Zonke indlela kamongameli Carter - kuyindlela yephutha, ubuthakathaka nezinkinga ezingaxazululeki. inqubomgomo States, uJimmy Carter sika wawungenawo amandla, futhi-ke enqotshwa uRonald Reagan kwaba kulindelekile. Umkhankaso ekomkhulu zokugcina ngokuhlakanipha kakhulu zakala isimo abathunjwa e-Iran, kanye zonke ukwehluleka umongameli wamanje. Kukhona inguqulo Dzhordzh Bush, ilungu leqembu Reagan yaqhubeka uzungu amasosha Iranian, bakholelwe ukubamba labayisibambiso kuze kufike leso sikhathi, zize wamemezela imiphumela yokhetho. Ngandlela-thile, kodwa ukunqoba uRonald Reagan sika eyayilindelekile, futhi Januwari 20, 1981 Dzhimmi Karter eligoqiwe amandla akhe kamongameli ngaphakathi imizuzu emihlanu amaphekula e-Iran wakhulula abathunjwa owachitha izinsuku 444 zithunjiwe.

Life emva White House

ukunqotshwa Electoral yadumala omkhulu Carter, kodwa akatholanga amandla ukubuyela umsebenzi womphakathi. Emva kokuqeda i-career kamongameli, Carter bacwilisa ku yokufundisa, waba uprofesa osewathatha zamabhayisikobho e-Emory University e -Atlanta, eGeorgia, utlole nenani lezincwadi. Kamuva, usivulela maphakathi igama lakhe, elibhekene nomse- nezindaba kwezombangazwe American zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe.

Dzhimmi Karter, ogama biography emva likaMengameli emuva ifakwe impilo ejwayelekile, wazithola imisebenzi yokusiza umphakathi kanye nomphakathi. It is waziphatha ukukhokhela ezimpini ezihlukahlukene, ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu, alinganayo nombuso wentando yeningi, ukuvimbela ukusabalala izifo ezibulalayo. Lo msebenzi avunyelwe Carter ukuqaphela imibono yabo mayelana oda izwe ilungelo, nakuba bonke izinkinga ukuyixazulula, yebo, kuhlulekile. Kodwa phakathi ayekufezile - umnikelo ukusungulwa ukuthula eBosnia, Rwanda, Korea, Haiti, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye abaphikisi asebenzayo air iziteleka ku Serbia. Ngokuhamba yayo 39 yokugcinwa UMengameli waseMelika Dzhimmi Karter ngo-2002 yena yanikezelwa Nobel Peace Prize, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho umongameli oshonile umhlala sathola indondo abalulekile enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Carter ukhishwa UNESCO Prize kanye kaMongameli Medal of Freedom. I ukuqashelwa international yazuza emizameni yawo yokulwa lesi sifo sibulale e-Afrika - Guinea worm. Ngo-2002, Carter waba abaphezulu olusemthethweni yokuqala American yokwephula nokuvinjelwa Cuba, futhi evakashela leli zwe kanye yokudala ukuthula. Uyena ilungu lomphakathi yabaholi ezimele "Abadala" eyayihlelwe Nelson Mandela. Le nhlangano waziphatha ukukhokhela izingxabano acute ngamazwe, ngokukhethekile, amalungu aso ukuza eMoscow beyofuna ikhambi lezinkinga cuphuluza lo wadla eCrimea eRussia. Ngo-2009, i-sezindiza ezincane edolobheni lakubo Carter ithole igama lakhe.

Karter Dzhimmi baba ingqwele phakathi US kamongameli, umhlala, ubude bempilo emva White House. Futhi lingomunye komongameli eziyisithupha yangaphambili eyikhulu, abaye efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-90.

yobumfihlo

Carter - indoda abaqotho kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa, washada Rosalie Smith, umngane wobusha, ngo-1946, futhi kuseyingxenye ndawonye. Dzhimmi Karter, ogama likaMengameli esithombeni gqizisa zonke iphephandaba, akazange imshiye umkayo lapho enyukela Olympus. Wayengumngane naye kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Lo mbhangqwana waba nezingane ezine, namuhla kukhona kakade abazukulu eziningana. Ngemva Carter kwesokunxele White House, emndenini wabo, e iziqinisekiso zabo, selingene enkulungwaneni entsha kukankosikazi. Namuhla, wonke umndeni uhlala kanyekanye emaThafeni - umuzana okuhlala Carter sika, lapho angcwaba ngokwabo. Ngo-2015, abezindaba waqala ikhale alamu ngenxa Jimmy kwezempilo, kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza isibindi. Yena ngempumelelo Ngahlinzwa, ngelashwa nangemithi, futhi ngo-December 2015 mathupha, utshele izintatheli ukuthi belashwa ngokuphelele.