Ukuxhumeka "ukuvumelanisa": izibonelo. Ukuphathwa, ukulungiswa, ukuzithemba: izibonelo

Esinye sezixhumanisi zohlelo lolimi lwesiRashiya yisivumelwano. Izibonelo zokuxhumana okunjalo zitholakala enkulumweni kaningi. Kanye nokuphathwa kanye nokuziqhenya, ukubambisana kuyingxenye yezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Phakathi kwaziphi izingxenye zokukhuluma ukuhlanganiswa kusungulwe?

Izinkulumo noma ezinye izingxenye zenkulumo ezisebenza njengezibizo (izibizo, izinhlanganyelo, izichasiselo, amagama aqinisekisiwe) zihlangene nezinamba eziphelele zokubamba iqhaza, izingqikithi kanye nezokubambisana, izichasiso, izibizo (isihlobo, izinto ezibonakalayo, ezibonisa, ezithintekayo, ezibi futhi ezingapheli) kanye namabizo - Izinhlelo ezididiyelwe ngokuxhumanisa "kokubuyisana". Izibonelo: ubuso obudabukisayo, umculi wokucula, injabulo ethile.

Iyini isivumelwano?

Ngokuvamile amagama asemqoka nokwethenjelwa asesigabeni esifanayo ngokobulili, inombolo kanye necala. Lokhu kuxhumano kubizwa ngokuthi "ukubuyisana". Izibonelo zokungatholakali zitholakala lapha. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza, uma igama elixhomekile lingakwazi ukuhlanganiswa kuhlobo (umdokotela). Ngakho-ke, uma okungenani amanye ama-grammem aphindaphindiwe kokubili okuxhomeke kuye negama eliyinhloko, lesi yisivumelwano.

Imisho yesampuli

Amehlo yentombazane ayamomothekayo ayengaboni kahle.

• Babekuphi ? Le ntombazane inegama lesifazane, elilodwa, esimweni sokuhlukumeza, esisodwa.
• Kuyini intombazane ? Ukuhleka - ukubamba iqhaza lobulili besifazane, elilodwa, esimweni sokuhlukumeza, esisodwa.

2. Kuzo zombili izimbali umntwana wayenamasongo.

• Babekuphi ? Eziphethe - igama lesifazane, ubuningi, esimweni sokuhlukumezeka.
• Zingaki iziphatha ? Zombili - inani elihlanganisiwe lobulili besifazane, ubuningi, esimweni sokuhlukumezeka.

3. Yeka injabulo eyakhanyisa ubuso bakhe!

• Lighter kunalokho? Injabulo - igama lomuntu wesifazane, elilodwa, insimbi.
• Iyini injabulo ? Yisiphi isimemezelo esiphathelene nobulili besifazane, esisodwa, esimweni sezinsimbi.

Enkulumweni kaningi kukhona isivumelwano. Izibonelo zemishwana: ku-intombazane ehlekayo (ukuhlanganyela okugcwele ngegama), kuzo zombili izingodo (isibalo sokuqoqa ngegama), yikuphi injabulo (isichazamazwi esihlobene nesiqu ), esiteji sesishiyagalolunye (isibalo se-ordinal esinesibizo), ungowami (isimemezelo somuntu siqu nesimemezelo sezinto eziphathekayo ), Ungalindeli (isimemezelo somuntu siqu nesinhlanganyelo esigcwele).

Izici zezinhlanganisela zamanani ezinenani ngamabito

Lena yinkinga ehle kakhulu. Phela, amanani amaningi angaba yilo gama eliyinhloko, uma limelele kumacala okuqoka noma amangalelayo - kukhona uxhumano "abaphathi". Futhi ezimweni ze-oblique baba amagama agxile, ahambisana nesabizo esihlokweni, inombolo kanye necala. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwegama elifanayo inhlanganisela, kungenzeka ukukhombisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhumana - "ukubuyisana", "ukuphathwa". Izibonelo:

1. Amahora ayisikhombisa kamuva uTatyana wafika lapho kwakuhlelwe khona ipikinikini.

• Okuyisishiyagalombili (igama eliyinhloko ekukhethweni) kulokho? Amahora (icala lokuhlukumeza) - ukuphathwa.

2. Ngemva kwamahora ayisikhombisa, uTatiana wafika endaweni lapho ipikinikini ihlelwe khona.

• Yini? Amahora (igama eliyinhloko ngobuningi eseceleni sezinsimbi) zingaki? Umndeni (izinamba zamanani ngobuningi ebaleni lezinsimbi) - isivumelwano.

Umehluko ekuvumelaneni kokuhlanganyela, izichasiso kanye nezibizo ezinkulu

Uma sicabangela isivumelwano nalezi zibonelo, abanye abantu abathandekayo bacabangela ezinye izici ezithile. Akubonisi ukupela isipelingi, noma kunjalo uma bexoxa badlala indima. Bazosiza ukuqonda la mahluko, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona, izibonelo:

1. Umfundi ongekho emsebenzini, onobuhle futhi ohlaziyekile, wabika ngokulungela iqembu kwamakilasi.

• Umfundi onomsebenzi yisivumelwano, lapho igama eliyinhloko "lingumfundi", futhi umfundi othembekile "usemsebenzini" - isichazamagama.

2. Umsebenzi, uhle futhi uhlelekile, kubika ukulungela iqembu kwamakilasi.

• "Umsebenzi" kulokhu usebenza njengegama eliyisisekelo, elinesimo sesiphakamiso, igama eliyinhloko. Ukuthembela emazwini akhe kuyoba "okuhle" futhi "okuhlakaniphile", okuhambisana nakho.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlanganisa amagama emisho

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamazwi ngesiRashiya kuncike emithethweni ekhethekile. Kufanele wazi ukuthi izixhumanisi ezisemqoka ekuhlanganisweni kwegama ziyizintathu: ukuphathwa, ukusebenzisana, eduze. Izibonelo zazo enkulumweni yesiRussia zisetshenziselwa kakhulu. Kungenxa yabo ukuthi amagama ahlangene emisho. Bazosiza ukuhlola nokuhlukanisa zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zokukhulumisana - ukulawula, ukuxhumana, ukuhambisana - izibonelo, ezithathwe emgqumeni owodwa: "I-kitty fluffy enomsila onemifino yayijabulisa ngokudlala ngebhola le-orange."

Ukubusa

Loluhlobo lokuxhumeka kohlelo lwegrama lugcizelela ukuba khona kwegama eliyinhloko elawula othembekile. Ngokuvamile indima eyinhloko yesenzo isenzo esidinga ukuthi igama libe nefomu elithile lamacala. Kulesi sibonelo, kusukela esenzweni "esidlalwe" egameni elithi "tangle" ungabuza umbuzo "ukuthi yini?". Lo mbuzo udinga ukwakhiwa kwebizo elixhomekile kulolu cala. Ngenxa yalokho, la magama axhunyiwe ngabaphathi. Ngisho noma ushintsha igama elithi "tangle" nelinye, isibonelo, "butterfly" noma "ibhola," lizophinde libheke kuleso simo. Esikhundleni samazwi ancikeleleko angase abe namanani (kokubili), izibizo (zona), amagama aqinisekisiwe (abangenamakhaya). Amagama amakhulu angabuye abe izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokukhuluma. Isibonelo: izenzo, amagama (iminwe yalokho? Izikhali), iqhaza (kusebenza kuphi? ) Ngamagagasi), amanani amanani ekwakhethweni noma ekumangaleleni (abantu ababili ? ), Izaziso (ngokujabulisayo kusuka kulokho? Kusukela emcabangweni), izichasiso (funny kusuka Yini? Kusukela ekuqondeni).

Ukuhlanganisa

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumeka alusekelwe kuncazelo yegrama yegama elixhomekile, kodwa kuphela kwi-lexical. Yamukela izingxenye ezinkulu zokukhuluma ezingaphenduki, njenge-adverb, i-infinitive, i-gerund, isichazamazwi esingenakuguquguquka noma ukuma ngendlela elula yokuqhathanisa, izicelo ezingahlanganiswa (izibizo). Esikhathini esilandelayo nge-kitten sisetshenziselwa ukuzithokozisa emibinweni ethi "edlalwa kumnandi" (edlalwa ngokuthi " kumnandi").

Ukuvumelanisa. Ama-Puns namahlaya

Futhi okukhona kulo musho yisivumelwano sokuxhumanisa. Izibonelo: inkinobho ephuzizayo, nomsila onemibala, i-tangle ye-orange. Lapha sibona ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwamagama asemqoka nokwethenjelwa ku-genus, inombolo kanye necala. Noma kunjalo, kunezimo zesivumelwano esingaphelele. Yilokho lapho ukuxhumana kukhonjiswa phakathi kwezibizo, lapho othembekile khona isicelo futhi kuboniswa ngebizo lohlobo oluhlukile. Isibonelo, umlingani-umqondisi, umphathi-dade kanye nokunye okunjalo. Okuthakazelisayo yize amacala lapho kudlalwa khona amagama. I-pun ixhomeke ekutheni isimo segama lomuntu ekumangaleleni nasesigabeni sokuhlukumeza sihambisana nokubiza nokubhala. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukuguqula ukuxhumana ekuphatheni, ngenxa yalokho okushiwo yizinguquko.

1. Wayengakwazi ukusiza ngaphandle kokuthanda umkakho udokotela wakhe.
   
   Amabizo "oshade naye" no "udokotela" kulo mbhalo ahlanganiswe ngesivumelwane, futhi bobabili bahlala ecaleni lokumangalela.
   
   
2. Wayengakwazi ukusiza ngaphandle kokuthanda umkakho udokotela.
   
   Kulesi simo, igama elithi "oshade naye" kuphela elimelela icala. Ukubuza umbuzo othi "unkosikazi wakhe ? Udokotela "kungase kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu othembekile usethekalweni lokuhlukumeza, okuyinto igama eliyinhloko elidinga. Ngakho, uxhumano lubizwa ngokuthi ukulawula. Ngokubhala wonke amagama ahambisana, kuphela esimweni sesibili asikho i-hyphen, engaguquki kuphela izigaba zesigama segama elixhomekile, kodwa futhi nencazelo yalokho okushiwo.

Ulimi lwesiRashiya lunentshisekelo kakhulu futhi lunamakhono amaningi. Ukuhlukumeza okucashile kokusebenzisa izinhlangano zamazwi kumele kufundwe ngokucophelela futhi kuqondwe ukuze kungangeni esimweni esingenalutho.