Ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda nokukhulelwa

I-female cell cell (ovule) ivuthwe futhi iphakathi kwamaqanda. Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yayo ihambisana nenqubo yemvelo engunaphakade yokukhiqiza izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuze iqanda ligcwalise ngokugcwele imisebenzi yalo, liqukethe ukungena kwamaprotheni namafutha anika iseli esiteji sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi i-zygote - isici sezinsikazi zesilisa nabesilisa. Kuze kube yisikhathi sokunamathela kwesibeletho nokuthola umsoco ogcwele emzimbeni womama, iqanda linikeza umsoco we-fetus.

Ingqikithi yeqanda iqukethe ama-23 e-sex chromosome. Omunye amashumi amabili nantathu amnika isibindi.

Ukuqhathaniswa kweqanda kwenzeka ku-follicle. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izintambo zokuqala ezinjalo ziqala ukwakha emntwaneni wesifazane esesesibelethweni sikamama cishe ngesonto leshumi nambili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani labo liyanda ngokushesha, bese liyehla. Ngakho-ke, ku-utero kungenzeka kube nezigidi eziyisikhombisa, kepha ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, kusele kuphela izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu.

Umzimba wesifazane uhlelwe ukuze inombolo yama-follicle inganda, iphela kuphela futhi ifa. Ngeminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, iqukethe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu nje kuphela, kanti ngesikhathi sokuqeda ukuphuma esikhathini - cishe inkulungwane. Yingakho ukukhulelwa emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuyinkinga, ngoba ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngohlobo lwayo kunciphile, nakuba kungenzeka.

Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuphila, amaqanda avuthiwe, akwazi ukuhlanganiswa ne-spermatozoon nokunye nokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo, akhiwa kuphela ngemali eyizingcezu ezingamakhulu amane kuya kwamakhulu amahlanu. Zonke ezinye amaqanda ziyafa. Lena inqubo evamile. Phela, ukuvuthwa kweqanda akukwazi ukuba ngobuningi - ukukhulelwa kwamawele kanye no-triplets kubhekwa njengenarha nenhlanhla, futhi inani elikhulu lezingane ezithathwa ngesikhathi esisodwa libhekwa njengerekhodi. Ngakho, imvelo ilawula izinga lokuzalwa.

Ukwakhiwa kweqanda kuyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo ehlukahlukene. Esigabeni sokuqala kukhona ukuphindaphinda kwe-follicles - kubeka intombazane ekhona ku-utero. Isigaba sesibili ukukhula kwama-follicles. Ziyakhula njalo ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhulelwa. Isikhathi sesithathu ukuvuthwa kweqanda. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokuya esikhathini esisodwa emzimbeni wesifazane iqanda elilodwa livuthiwe, alitholakali kabili noma abathathu. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-superovulation. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuthuthukisa amawele noma kathathu kunkulu.

Njengoba umsebenzi wengane ubeletha esibelethweni sikamama, unina unesibopho sesikhathi esizayo sendodakazi yakhe. Uma umama ethatha utshwala, ubhema, asebenzisa izidakamizwa, ahlushwa ukutheleleka ngokobulili, umthwalo onjalo ungathinta kabi impilo yezocansi yentombazana engakabonakali.

Ukuqhathaniswa kweqanda ku-follicle kwenzeka ngale ndlela. Njalo inyanga i-follicle ikhula, isikhumba esinomthombo sibonakala ngaphakathi kwayo, futhi isibhamu esinama-ovum siphuma ngaphakathi kwalesi sakhiwo. I-follicle inkulu kakhulu esimweni sayo esivuthiwe - cishe ngamamentimitha amabili ububanzi. Lapho i-follicle ivuthwa, iqhuma futhi amaqabunga ayashiya. Ukukhishwa kweqanda kubizwa ngokuthi i-ovulation - "iboshelwe" imibhangqwana engakwazi ukukhulelwa. Njengoba iqanda ngokwayo lihlala cishe usuku, abashadile abafuna izingane kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi iqanda nesidoda bahlangana ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukukhulelwa kwenzeke. Uma lesi sikhathi kungekho ukukhulelwa, kuzomele silinde enye inyanga - isikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda.

Uma inqubo yokuhlangana neqanda nesidoda iphumelele, izimpawu zokukhulelwa kweqanda zizozwa maduzane. Uhlelo lwe-hormonal luzosebenza kanzima, i-zygote izoxhumeka esibelethweni, isikhathi sokuya esikhathini sizoyeka, nokukhulelwa kuzoqala.

Abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa kumele bakhumbule ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kuyinkqubo enesibindi futhi ebucayi. Ungathukutheli uma lokhu kungenzeki ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kocansi okuzinzile nomlingani wakho. Lesi akusona isizathu sokukhuluma ngokungafaki. Kunemijikelezo yokugcoba, lapho iqanda lingavuthi nhlobo - umzimba uhlala. Kuphela emva konyaka wokuphila ngokobulili okuvamile okuhlangene kudingekile ukuba uhlolwe ngezokwelapha futhi, uma kunesidingo, uqale ukwelashwa.