Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-polyhedron yokugcoba. Iskena inkanyezi ye-polyhedron

Izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo zitholakala ngokwakho kulezo zigaba zesayensi, okubonakala sengathi, ngeke zisebenzise ukuphila okuvamile kwabantu abavamile. Isibonelo, i-geometry, iningi labantu eliyikhohlwayo, livele liwela umkhawulo wesikole. Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, izindawo ezingavamile zesayensi ziba mnandi kakhulu, uma uzibona ngokuseduze. Ngakho ukuvela kwe-geometrical ye polyhedron - into engadingekile ngokuphelele empilweni yansuku zonke - ingaba isiqalo sobuciko obuhle, obukwazi ukuthatha kokubili izingane nabantu abadala.

I-geometry enhle

Ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi lendlu, ukudala izandla zabo ezingavamile, izinto ezithakazelisayo - lokhu kudala okuthakazelisayo. Ukusebenzisa i-polyhedra ehlukile ephepheni elimhlophe kusho ukudala izinto eziyingqayizivele ezingaba umsebenzi olula usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, futhi zingaguquka zibe izihlobiso zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obukwazi ukuhlelwa kwendawo yonke yezinto, kwenzeke ukudala onobuhle bezithombe ze-3D. Kukhona amakhosikazi, ngokusiza ekwakheni ukushayela ngokwemithetho ye-geometry, ukwenza izihlamba zezilwane nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezivela ephepheni. Kodwa lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza kwemathemikhali nokudweba. развертка многогранника. Qala ukusebenza kule nqubo kuzokusiza ukususa i-polyhedron.

Ubuso obuhlukile - ubukeka obuhlukile

I-Polyhedra yindawo ekhethekile ye-geometry. Ziyinto elula - isibonelo, ama-cubes, izingane ezidlala kusukela zisencane - kodwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. достаточно сложной областью конструирования и творчества: нужно не только знать основы черчения, геометрические особенности пространства, но и иметь пространственное воображение, позволяющее оценить правильность решения еще на стадии проектирования. Ukwakhiwa kwe- polyhedra ye-gluing kubhekwa njengendawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwakhiwa nobuciko: umuntu akudingeki nje kuphela ukwazi okuyisisekelo sokudweba, izici ze-geometric isikhala, kodwa futhi ukuba nomcabango wendawo ovumela ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwesisombululo ngisho nasesiteji sokuklama. Kodwa umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komcabango womuntu. Ukwenza ama- polygons avela ephepheni, akwanele nje ukucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi kufanele ubheke kanjani ekugcineni. Udinga ukwazi ukubala ngokufanele, ukuklama, nokuyidweba ngendlela efanele.

I-polyhedron yokuqala - i-cube

Mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu oya esikoleni, ngisho nasezifundweni eziyinhloko, uhlangabezane nezifundo zomsebenzi nomsebenzi, umphumela wawo owawuzoba yi-cube yephepha. развертки многогранника куба на плотной бумаге со специальными кармашками, предназначенными для склеивания граней модели в единое целое. Ngokuvamile uthisha wanikeza izisebenzi - ukushayela kwe-cube polyhedron ephepheni elimnyama elinamapokhethi akhethekile okuhloswe ukuba agcobe ubuso bombukiso ube yinto eyodwa. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi abafundi besikole samabanga aphansi bangaziqhenya, ngoba ngephepha, izikhali, i-glue nemizamo yabo, ubuciko bokuthakazelisa - i-cube emithathu-ntathu - itholwe.

Ubuso obuthandayo

Ngokumangazayo, ulwazi oluningi mayelana nezwe elikuzungezile alithandeki ebhentshini lesikole, kodwa kuphela uma ungathola okuthile okuthakazelisayo, okukwazi ukunikeza into entsha, engavamile ekuphileni okuvamile. Abantu abadala abaningi abakhumbuli ukuthi i-polyhedra efanayo ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-subspecies. Isibonelo, kukhona okuthiwa izidumbu zikaPlaton - i-convex polyhedra ehlanganisa amapolgoni ajwayelekile kuphela . Kunemizimba enjalo emihlanu kuphela: i-tetrahedron, i-octahedron, i-hexahedron (i-cube), i-icosahedron, i-dodecahedron. Ziyizibalo ze-convex ngaphandle kokudonsa. I-stellate polyhedra ihlanganisa lezi zibalo eziyisisekelo ezilungiselelweni ezihlukahlukene. развертка многогранника простого позволяет нарисовать, вернее начерить, а затем и склеить из бумаги звездчатый многогранник. Ngakho-ke, ukuvula i-polyhedron elula kukuvumela ukuba udwebe, noma kunalokho unakekele, bese ubamba i-polyhedron enezinkanyezi ezivela ephepheni.

I-polythera eqondile futhi engavamile

Ukuhlunga imizimba ye-platonic ndawonye ngendlela ethile, ungakha inqwaba yezinkanyezi ezinemibala enhle-enhle, eyinkimbinkimbi, eningi. Kodwa bazobizwa ngokuthi "i-stellate polyhedra engavamile". Kunezinkanyezi ezine kuphela ze-polyhedra: inkanyezi encane yedodecahedron, inkanyezi enkulu ye-dodecahedron, i-dodecahedron enkulu kanye ne-icosahedron enkulu. Ukuvela kwe polyhedra yokugaya ngeke kube imidwebo elula. Bathi, njengezibalo, kuzoba nezingxenye eziningana. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-dodecahedron encane yenkanyezi yakhiwa ngamapiramidi angu-12 e-pagonagonal equilateral, egoqwe ngesimo se-dodecahedron ejwayelekile. Lokhu kungukuthi, okokuqala kudingekile ukuthi udwebe futhi uhlanganise izingcezu ezingu-12 ezifanayo zamapiramidi avamile, ahlanganisa ubuso obulingana no-5. Futhi kuphela lapho kungenziwa khona i -polyhedron enezinkanyezi zazo . Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkanyezi encane kunazo zonke i-dodecaere kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi ongenakwenzeka. Ukwakha, udinga ukukwazi ukulingana nendiza eyodwa exhunywe komunye nomunye izinhlaka ezingu-13 zezindikimba ezahlukene zejometri.

Ubuhle ngokulula

Zonke izindikimba ezintathu ezakhiwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye-geometry zizobonakala zithakazelisayo, kuhlanganise ne -polyhedron ene-star. Ukuthunyelwa kwesigaba ngasinye kwanoma imuphi umzimba ofanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi ngisho ne-polyhedrons elula kakhulu emithathu, eqala nge-tetrahedron yePlato, iyisimangaliso esimangalisayo sokuvumelana kwendawo yonke kanye nokusebenza komuntu okufakwe emfanekisweni wephepha. Lapha, zithi, into ehlukahlukene kakhulu yePlatoic convex polyhedra yi-dodecahedron. развертки правильных многогранников для склеивания, нужно приложить максимум аккуратности и внимательности. Kulesi sibalo se-geometri kunezinhlobo ezingu-12 ngokuphelele, ubuso obunamaphesenti angu-30 kanye nama-vertices angu-12. Ukuze wenze ama -polyhedra alungile afanele ukugcoba, kudingeka usebenzise ubuningi bokunakekela nokunemba. Futhi okukhudlwana isibalo ngesayizi, kunembile kakhulu zonke izilinganiso kufanele zibe.

Ungakha kanjani iskena?

Mhlawumbe, ngaphezu kokuhlanganisa i-polyhedron - ngisho nenkanyezi, ngisho nePlato - kuyathakazelisa nakakhulu ukwakha imodeli yesikhathi esizayo emodeli yesikhathi esizayo ngamandla akho, ukuhlola ikhono layo lokudweba, ukwakha ne-vobozheniye yendawo. Imizimba elula ye-Platon iqukethe amapolgoni alula afana nomfanekiso owodwa. Ngakho, i-tetrahedron yizintathu ezintathu ze-isosceles. Ngaphambi kokwakha i-sweep, kudingeka ucabange ukuthi kufanele uhlanganise kanjani ama-polygoni flat ndawonye ukuze uthole i-polyhedron. Izintathuli zingaxhunyaniswa phakathi kwazo, zidwebe omunye komunye. Ukuze uhlanganise ama-polyhedron, ama-circuits kufanele afakwe amapokhethi akhethekile noma ama-valve, okuzovumela zonke izingxenye ukuba zihlangane zibe yinye. I-tetrahedron - isibalo esilula kakhulu sobuso obune. I-octahedron ingamelwa njenge-tetrahedron kabili, inezinhlaka ezingu-8 - i-isosceles triangles. I-hexahedron ibizwa ngokuthi i-cube ejwayele wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni. I-icosahedron iyinhlangano yama-isosceles angama-20 angama-triangles abe yi-convex polyhedron evamile. I-dodecahedron iyimidwebo emithathu yezinhlangothi ezingu-12, ngalinye eliyi-pentagon ejwayelekile.

Ubuqili bomsebenzi

Ukwakha ukuthuthukiswa kwe-polyhedron bese ubamba imodeli yephepha kulokhu kuyindaba ebalulekile. I-sweep, eqinisweni, ingathathwa isilungele kakade. Futhi kungenzeka, uma wenza umzamo, ukwakha ngokwakho. Kodwa ukwenza imodeli ephelele yokuziphakamisa kwe-polyhedron, kubalulekile ukuyihlanganisa. I-Polyhedron yenziwe kahle ngephepha elimhlophe, eligcina kahle ukuma futhi lingagubuli ku-glue. Yonke imigqa edinga ukugujwa ingcono kakhulu ngaphambi kokujeziswa usebenzisa, isibonelo, ipeni lokubhala elingelona ukubhala noma uhlangothi lwangemuva wekhasi lommese. Le-nuance izosiza ukuphanga imodeli ngokuqondile, ngokugcina ubukhulu nezinkomba zezimbambo.

Uma wenza ama-polyhedrons ahlukene ephepheni elinemibala, lezi zithombe zingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezihlobisa ukuhlobisa igumbi - igumbi lezingane, isifundo, igumbi lokuhlala. Ngendlela, i-polyhedra ingabizwa ngokuthi iyatholakala okuyingqayizivele yabahlobiso. Izinto zanamuhla zivumela ukudala izinto zangaphakathi zangaphakathi ngesisekelo samanani wejometri.