Inani labantu base-Orsk: labantu, ukuqashwa kanye ikakhulukazi

Orsk idolobha Russian lasendulo ine umlando ezithakazelisayo. Kulezi zindawo siye njalo wahlala nesibindi, kanzima sabasebenzi nabantu abanokuthula. Kuwo wonke umlando labantu emzini Orsk labantu lalanda, kodwa namuhla isimo sesishintshile. Zama ukuqonda ukuthi yini kukhona izici abakhileyo kuleli isiphetho, abakwenzayo nendlela eziphila ngayo.

isikhundla ezindawo

Lapho kwakuphambana khona eYurophu nase-Asia, esifundeni esise-Ural eningizimu, amanga edolobheni Orsk. It sise confluence emfuleni Ori emfuleni Ural. Umphakathi we Orsk ophilayo ku ezimbili osebeni Urals - European nase-Asia. Ezindaweni eseduze emifuleni imakwe sezwe flat. Futhi engxenyeni ukuthi ibekwe phezu emthambekeni esempumalanga sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Ural, ubuswa sezwe elinamagquma. endaweni leli dolobha 621 square metres. km. Ibanga kuya eMoscow - kancane kuka 15 ayizinkulungwane km .. Futhi kuya isikhungo lesifunda of Orenburg - mayelana 250 km. City enikeziwe kahle amanzi namaminerali ahlukahlukene.

Isimo sezulu

Orsk Itholakala zone sezulu ngokucijile ezwekazini. Ngakho-ke, lowo muzi indlela libhekene abandayo, ebusika side, futhi kushisa, ehlobo ngokuvamile ezomile. Umehluko lokushisa phakathi nezinkathi kwenza-85 degrees. Summer sihlala 3 izinyanga, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka June kuya ekuqaleni kuka-September. Ngalesi sikhathi, imvula kancane, isomiso njalo. Amazinga isilinganiso in July degrees 21 Celsius. Winter ihlala kusukela maphakathi no-November kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ikhava iqhwa sihlala 140 izinsuku ngonyaka. Ukushisa okuvamile kuba esifundeni lokususa 12 degrees ngoJanuwari. Spring nokuwa endaweni esifushane. Spring wind ngokuvamile, kukhona snowmelt okusheshayo, izikhukhula zenzeka.

Umlando we edolobheni

Izakhamuzi lokuqala ensimini ka Orsk wesimanje zangenkathi Paleolithic. Nokho, imibhalo eqinisekisa khona lapha kwanoma iyiphi zokuhlala unomphela khona. Futhi kukhona kuphela imivubukulo ukufakazela ukuthi lapha njalo kuhlale ezizwe ezihlukahlukene.

Isikhulu ekusungulweni usuku Orsk kubhekwe ngo-1731, lapho yasungulwa ngo Orenburg futhi Orsk kamuva, le nqaba. A sokuma Russian owaziwa Ik Kirillov ephethwe bomkhankaso, okuyinto wabeka izinqaba. Indawo le nqaba kwaba elula kakhulu: emifuleni amabili ayengoMahaloni imizila omkhulu ukuhweba, futhi ivumela entabeni ezinhle ukuvikela isakhiwo. Ngalezo zinsuku, sasiqhutshelwa eduze komngcele mpumalanga of the Empire, isiRashiya, ngakolunye lomfula wahlala Kazakh izizwe, okwakukhona ngezinye izikhathi engakwenqeni inzuzo on ensimini Russian.

Eceleni entabeni lapho le nqaba Yakhiwa, imayini watholakala ore esiliva, kanye ezifakwa ezinkulu zamatshe, kuhlanganise edumile Orsk nejaspi. Umuzi uhlala eviyweni, ogama njongo kwaba ukufunda asendaweni wendawo. V. Tatishchev, owayehola kafushane bomkhankaso, benza imizamo emikhulu ukuze nokuthuthukisa umuzi. Lapho kwakhiwa ibandla wokhuni esungulwe Customs duty nge abahwebi ezivela e-Asia kanye Kazakhstan. Umphakathi we Orsk ngenkuthalo ukuhlola izwe zendawo, izinkomo ephakanyiswe, wahlanganyela ukulima. Edolobheni nhlo bekulokhu kunabantu eziningi owaziwa, kuhlanganise namalungu asebukhosini.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho kwaqala ukuthuthukisa umkhakha, kodwa ukufohla zezimboni yangempela wafika ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho lapha amabhizinisi ambalwa enkulu yezimboni zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo. Ngemva kwempi, leli dolobha liye laphenduka edolobheni ejwayelekile zezimboni esifundeni esise-Ural. Ngo postreorganization nkathi yaqala ukuba kuphakama izinkinga ukonga kubangelwa ezibolile umkhakha. Namuhla, lesi simo liyathuthuka kancane, nakuba ezingeni yangaphambili ukukhiqizwa namanje kude.

labantu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1866 e Orsk elinabantu abangaba izinkulungwane 3 abantu. Bala inani labantu Orsk ehlelekile waqala ngo-1897. Khona-ke wahlala lapha abantu abayizinkulungwane 14. I eziphathekayo gxuma wokuqala omuhle kunombolo izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo esenzeka eminyakeni engu-30, lapho e Orsk iqala kwezimboni kanye eyakhelwe amabhizinisi ambalwa enkulu yezimboni. Eyesibili nokwanda okuphawulekayo lwalotshwa Iminyaka yangemva kwempi, lapho umsebenzi babaleki eziningi futhi ezisele izitshalo kufika inqwaba ochwepheshe kanye nezisebenzi.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, inani labantu Soviet Orsk kuyinto kancane kancane ezikhulayo. Okwehlisa labantu ukwanda senzeka eminyakeni yokwakha kabusha. Futhi ngo-1989, baze babhala ngisho umkhuba omubi isibalo abahlali. Njengoba 90 sekwephuzile iqala ukwehla labantu Orsk ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Ekuqaleni 2016 emzini abantu 231.000 wahlala. Orsk oluthatha indawo 87th kunombolo izakhamuzi yonke imizi Russian.

division yokuphatha labantu ukusatshalaliswa

Lesi sigaba zokuphatha komuzi, owasungulwa ngo-2013, ikhomba izifunda ezintathu: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky nawaseSoviet. Nakuba abendawo ayenomkhuba ulwahlukanise zonke zibe izingxenye ezimbili: Old and New Town. Orsk labantu uhlala banzi ngokwanele, kwabantu abantu 409 square kilometre. Ngokwesibonelo, e Orenburg, lesi sibalo kabili njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu. izakhamuzi ukusatshalaliswa engalingani izindawo. Ngakho, umholi labantu iyona Oktyabrsky wesifunda, nabanye ababili endaweni cishe kulingana nesibalo sabantu bendawo.

umnotho lo muzi

Njengoba kubusa amaSoviet, e Orsk athuthukiswe kahle izimboni Metallurgical nobunjiniyela. Isebenzisa isitshalo enkulu ukubhekisiswa ithusi negolide imikhando, isitshalo enkulu ukwenziwa amapayipi. Orsk kusekelwe ingenye izitshalo ubunjiniyela esindayo ngobukhulu - ORMETO-YUMZ.

Futhi, inani labantu Orsk walisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ezinkampanini eziningana ekhiqizako, e ukuhlola yokucwenga. Abangaphezu kwesigamu umnotho edolobheni lususelwe umkhakha, sphere non-zezimboni luthathe-48%. Lo muzi ubizwa evuthiwe ezohwebo kanye service sphere, okunikeza yokuhlala ukhululekile ukuba izakhamuzi. Inkinga wezimali namanje nomthelela ongemuhle emnothweni Orsk, nokwehla ukukhiqizwa amabhizinisi enkulu edolobheni, okuholela imali eyiphinda sinciphise amazinga okuphila aphansi Orcia.

umsebenzi

Employment Centre (Orsk) eqhuba nokuqapha okuqhubekayo of isimo abangasebenzi. Isibalo olusemthethweni 1.4%, okuyinto sisonke ibekwa izibalo isilinganiso yezwe. Kodwa inkinga ukuthi the yamuva ekunqabeni Izinga labangasebenzi akubonisi isimo sangempela. Ziyanda izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha musa ukuya exchange isitokwe beyofuna umsebenzi, ngoba ungaboni ngoba mina iyiphi amathemba. zokuvikeleka komphakathi labantu Orsk uphawula ukuthi izinga lokuphila ancipha kakhulu nokuthi abangasebenzi lolungakahleleki ithatha cishe 3-4% sibalo. Izinkinga main emkhakheni yokuqatjhwa Orsk isidingo siphansi abantu imfundo ephakeme. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, asebeqinile, elingafunwa basebenze edolobheni cishe lapho.

ingqalasizinda Orsk

Umuzi ine ukuphepha kwezokuthutha ezinhle. Sidlule kujantshi, ugijima isimo ngamazwe kwesikhumulo sezindiza. Ikhwalithi imigwaqo Orsk lithuthukile ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva, nakuba isimo nge isiminyaminya, kanye kulo lonke izwe lapho. Inani labantu base-Orsk ukuhlinzeka kahle amabhizinisi kanye ezemfundo, ezempilo kanye namasiko. Lo muzi ubizwa njalo wasungula ikhaya elisha, kuyilapho efulethini amanani ngempela high, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inkokhelo e Orsk ngezansi kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke.

ithuthukiswe emkhakheni isiko ngokomzimba kanye nemidlalo nokungcebeleka kahle. Ingqalasizinda yedolobha inikeza izakhamuzi ukhululekile Igumbi ngokwanele, kodwa inkinga main - engenayo ongaphakeme - akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi izinhlelo ezivumela izakhamuzi ukusebenzisa lezi zakhiwo ngokugcwele. Centre for ababasekelayo labantu Orsk uphawula ukuthi ukwanda kwenani labantu abafuna usizo ngenxa yokuthi izimali ziyancipha ngonyaka odlule.

Izimfanelo lokubala ubuningi babantu labantu Orsk

Ukuzalwa nokufa amazinga - izinkomba ezimbili ezibalulekile kakhulu inhlalakahle noma iliphi idolobha. Orsk, lezi zibalo akuzona yakhuthaza kakhulu. Ngakho, wenzalo ku esingaphansi isilinganiso sabantu abafayo 800 ngonyaka. Migration inzuzo labantu kancane kunciphisa ngobucayi inkinga, ngonyaka abantu 800 ufike Ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa kukhona ukuguga kancane kancane labantu. Umphakathi usebenza ka Orsk nxazonke 59% abantu sebebonke, ukusebenza yobudala - 23% abaseminyakeni yokusebenza futhi abasebasha - 18%. Isibalo sabasebenzi yobudala abesifazane okusetshenziswe amadoda e 5000.