Isiteshi Volgodonsky: izici wesiteshi incazelo

Volgodonsk Umkhumbi Canal lebhokisi Don kanye iVolga endaweni lapho nibuthana ngangokunokwenzeka nomunye. Itholakala ngasemzini Volgograd. IVolga-Don Canal, isithombe kanye nencazelo uzothola kulesi sihloko iyingxenye ejulile amanzi nekambiso yeenthuthi isebenze eYurophu eyayiyingxenye wezwe lakithi.

Umzamo kuqala ukuxhuma kwemifula emibili

Emuva ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-16, kwaba umzamo wokuqala ukujoyina Don noMfula iVolga endaweni indlela abaseduze. Ngo-1569, Selim II, kombusi Turkish, eyaduma ngoba mashi yakhe Astrakhan ngaphambilini ukuthumela amasosha 22,000 up Don. Kwakudingeka bambe wamanzi oxhumanisa emifuleni emibili. Kodwa kamuva ngenyanga abaseTurkey kwadingeka ashona. Ngokwe-mlando, zathi ukuthi ngisho bonke abantu lapha ungenzi lutho iminyaka 100. Nokho, iminonjana umzamo ukuxhuma kwemifula emikhulu emibili i ezisekhona. Lena emseleni ezijulile, okuthiwa kushaft Turkish.

Ukuzama Peter mina

iminyaka 130 kamuva, umzamo wesibili ukwakhiwa iVolga-Don Canal uhlaziyo uPetru I. Nokho, yona akuphumelelanga. Ekupheleni kuka-1701 i-labakhi egcwaliswe, futhi kuphuma eziningana eziye esakhiwe ngokugcwele. Nokho, phakathi oda umsebenzi eyakhishwa lapho kubhujiswa lesi siteshi, njengoba nempi Sweden. By endleleni, le phrojekthi, futhi, washiya uphawu lwakhe - Petrov shaft, esemgwaqweni eduze kwedolobha eponymous.

Ukwakhiwa umsele phakathi iVolga kanye Don washukumiseleka ukuba indawo ehlukile - endaweni Ivan Lake. Esakhiwe lapha Ivanovskii isiteshi exhunywe ne emfuleni Don emfuleni Tsna (inflow Oka) ngokusebenzisa Ivan Sat echibini futhi umfula ugeleza khona ngaphandle. Ngokusho ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 kuqale ukwakhiwa wathatha imikhumbi engaba ngu-300. Nokho, lesi simiso wazibonakalisa amafishane.

amaphrojekthi Okukhulu

Bangaphezu kuka-30 imiklamo of Don uxhumano ne iVolga sidalwe kuze 1917. Iningi lazo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu elandelayo:

• eningizimu, usinikeza kwakwakhe ngqo Azov futhi iCaspian Sea noma imilomo uDon iVolga;
• Ngokwesilinganiso, okuyinto kuhlangene emisebenzini yokwakha isiteshi esikhundleni indlela abaseduze we iVolga noDon;
• esenyakatho, okubandakanya amaphrojekthi uxhumano Don nemingenela nemingenela Oka.

ochwepheshe Hydrologists bakholelwa ukuthi imiklamo enyakatho akakwazanga kube nentshisekelo, kusukela ekubumbaneni okuhlongozwayo emifuleni engajulile, okuyinto ayifanele ukudlala kwabo imikhumbi yesimanje. Bengingeke Sekwakhiwe yimpumelelo futhi eningizimu njengoba iziteshi ithrekhi kuleli cala yayiyobizwa kakhulu welulela, ngenxa yalokho, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi ukwakhiwa eliphezulu kakhulu izindleko. Onjiniyela baqaphela ukuthi imiklamo okunengqondo abaningi eqenjini phakathi.

Nokho, akekho kubo asizange sigcwaliseke kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo kwekhulu lama-20. Zimbili izinto ivimbele lo. Okokuqala, ngesikhathi yezitimela yayivalwe run by abanikazi ngabanye ababemelene. Isizathu sesibili siwukuthi ngisho esimweni ukwakhiwa isiteshi umkhumbi womgwaqo zazingase zithuthwe ziyiswe kuphela entwasahlobo, njengoba imifula ogeleza umnyuziki kuphela. Ku-navigation ngokugcwele ngaphandle umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo olunzulu ayengakwazi ukukhuluma. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe nomnikelo omkhulu wenza Puzyrevsky Nestor Platonovich Russian unjiniyela wokubacindezela kulolu cwaningo phakathi uDon iVolga. Wakhetha indlela ukuthi azofanela ngekusasa isiteshi.

Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo ngokufakelwa kukagesi ngo-1920, uhulumeni waphinda wabuya udaba yokwakhiwa komsele. Nokho, Okusalungiswa kuye, kwase kunesiqiniseko kuphela maphakathi nawo-1930. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe uvinjelwe ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Ukwamukelwa okusalungiswa

Ngo-1943, emva kwempi kwaseStalingrad umsebenzi ukubuyiswa. Wabahola Zhuk Sergey Yakovlevich, ebona unjiniyela wokubacindezela nomakhi. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, thina base bamukelwe kakade zaklama futhi zakha izindawo eMoscow-iVolga Canal futhi White Sea-Baltic. Volgodonsk uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi sivunyiwe ngo-February 1948 emhlanganweni we Council of Ministers zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngemva kwalokho saqala ukuze lelisu ezweni imisebenzi.

Obani abakha le Canal

Qaphela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwe iVolga-Don canal bekwi-izitha okuthiwa abantu, ukuthi kukhona iziboshwa zezombusazwe abaye enecala kwesigaba 58 se-Criminal Code sisebenza ngaleso sikhathi. umsebenzi okhandlayo, ngubani baphoqeleka ukuba afeze nebubi, babala kube usuku lokuba ezimbili noma ezintathu ukudonsa isigwebo sakhe. Nokho, lapho ukubhoboza amakhaza ebusika kanye kwelanga, kanjalo ehlobo ukushisa ukufa zabantu ababephila odakeni maqhugwane kanye adobe maqhugwane, lalilikhulu kakhulu. Zhuka Sergeya Yakovlevicha, owayehola ukwakhiwa emseleni, izazi-mlando Hoover yezefundo ufaniswa Adolf Eichmann, umholi amaNazi ababesebenzisa izigqila.

Igama elithi yokwakha kanye ukusetshenziswa imishini

4.5 nje iminyaka Yakhiwa iVolga-Don Canal. Lena enkathini eyingqayizivele emlandweni wezwe ubunjiniyela wokubacindezela. Ngokwesibonelo, iPanama Canal, ogama ubude 81 km, lakhiwa iminyaka 34 nge esilinganayo umsebenzi. 164-ikhilomitha Suez Canal lakhiwa iminyaka 11.

Lapho isakhiwo lenziwe 3 mio m ³ ngokhonkolo futhi zibekwe emhlabeni kwezigidi ezingu-150 metres square komhlaba ^3. Ngo-8000 kwaba khona abangu-imishini: earthworks imishini, multi-kwasesitsheni, abembayo ukuhamba, alahle amaloli, dozers, scrapers enamandla.

Kuvulwa isiteshi, ubude balo ukujula

onjiniyela Foreign sasimathintanyawo maqondana nale phrojekthi grand. Bona wabikezela ukuthi lesi Spillway ngeke bakwazi ukumelana ingcindezi amanzi kuyoba inhlekelele grand ezenziwe umuntu. Kodwa Beetle wayeqiniseka ukuthi konke kuhambe kahle. Yena uqobo wengamela kubekwa ukhonkolo, ukuze bavimbele amasela nekhwane umsebenzi.

31 May 1952, ngo 13:55 amanzi uDon iVolga ahlanganisiwe phakathi kwama lokuqala nelesibili. Kusukela ngo-June 1, inkantolo selingenile ukuhambisa ngomzila. Julayi 27, 1952 ukwakhiwa wanikezwa igama Lenin, VI

Volgodonsky isiteshi ubude 101 km. Kulezi amadamu siphela 45 km. ukujula siteshi asikho ngaphansi kuka 3.5 m.

Amadamu kanye kuphuma iVolga-Don Canal

Imikhumbi for ukudlula indlela kusukela iVolga-Don 13 ngizodabula kuphuma (kuqala amela ngenhla), okuyinto zihlukaniswe uDon Itil sluice isitebhisi. ukuphakama kokugcina 88 m. Iqukethe 9 owodwa ngentambo olulodwa-chamber sivala. Ukuphakama wokugibela Don sluice 44 m. Iqukethe ezine Ilokhi ye-design efanayo.

IVolga-Don Canal lebhokisi Don ngasedolobheni Kalach-on-Don ne iVolga e Volgograd. Siqukethe Karpovskiy, Bereslavskii futhi Varvarovsky kwesigubhu. Lonke uhambo Kuthatha amahola angu 10-12. Amanzi ivela Tsimlyanskii kwesigubhu feeds Volgodonsky isiteshi kusukela Don okusezinhliziyweni 44 amamitha ngaphezu iVolga. Ngenxa uhlelo ehlanganisa iziteshi ezintathu uzotshala (Varvarovsky, Marinovsky futhi Karpovsky), amanzi yanikezwa ukuhlukana bese adonsela phansi fed kuya iVolga uDon nemithambeka. Indlela yokuqala futhi nantathu babe nemengamo lokunqoba. Abasebenzi ukukhonza isiteshi, bahlala emijondolo esungulwe endleleni.

Inani isiteshi

Volgodonsk imikhumbi igama lesiteshi VI Lenin ehlanganiswe 5 ezilwandle ezilandelayo: iCaspian, Black, Azov, Sea White kanye aseBaltic. Yena ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngendlela Dnieper, Don, North-West iVolga nezitsha. Indlela isiteshi egobhoza emaqeleni ezomile. Waletha umswakama izinkambu Rostov futhi Volgograd izifunda.

ezikhangayo esemqoka

Izivakashi umxhwele kakhulu iVolga-Don Canal. Volgograd namuhla kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle kulesi sikhungo. Ngamunye isimenywa UMkhandlu uzibophezele ngizibuke. Popular hhayi kuphela ebelidoba Volgodonsk isiteshi, ngempela kukhona ukubona.

Ukuthola Traffic esiteshini eyalo Sarepta chweba esisempumalanga yoMfula iVolga, okuyinto bavikelekile imisinga neqhwa drift kusukela esigodini somfula Sarpa. Ngaphakathi Volgograd kuyizinto zokuqala ezintathu kwesango.

Sarpa esiqhingini (emnyango isiteshi) ngo-1953, wamiswa lighthouse, obude kuyinto 26 amamitha. Phezu kwezingange zawo baphonswa Iron Rostra, zibonisa uhlelo acinene ingxenye imikhumbi ahlukahlukene lasendulo. umbhali we phrojekthi wezakhiwo R. Yakubov

Uma uhamba eduze ukuvakasha kusukela esangweni sokuqala, ngokushesha uzobona Lenin lesikhumbuzo (ngenhla). IV - lapho isiteshi ukuvula esinye lesikhumbuzo lamiswao Stalin, ngubani esisekelweni esiphakeme. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo elimiswe esikhathini esifishane. ithusi Native sesiqhubeke ekubunjweni sibalo umholi kazwelonke. Isikhumbuzo (isithombe sikhonjiswa ngezansi) kwaba esikhundleni iminyaka eminingi, njengoba ephakama 40 amamitha ngenhla ezingeni iVolga. Nokho, ngenxa yenqubo de-Stalinization, okuyinto wethulwa 1961 ngesikhathi XX Congress, lokhu lesikhumbuzo isuswe. Kusukela kwakhe kwakukhona u-kuphela isinyathelo ukhonkolo, okuyinto iya ibe Monolithic inqwaba isisekelo yashayisa unqenqema.

Kwanqunywa ukuba ufake isikhumbuzo entsha esisekelweni, kakade VI Lenin. Wenziwe ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. I ebaziwe kuyinto 27 m, kanye isinyathelo -. 30 m Architect Delin VA futhi umqophi EV Vucetich kukhona abalobi lesikhumbuzo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lenin engena "Guinness Book of Records." Kuyinto lesikhumbuzo elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, isungule yokudumisa yangempela ephilayo man.

Volgodonsk isiteshi namuhla

Through the emifula eminyakeni engu-60 ziyizitsha ezingaphezu kuka 19 000 ngonyaka. Okwamanje, kukhona umbuzo mayelana nokwakhiwa omunye umugqa we iVolga-Don emseleni, lapho umuntu ayengathola khona wakha kwempahla notshwala. Mhlawumbe ukwakhiwa yayo kuyokwenzeka eminyakeni ezayo, nakuba ngenxa crisis, kubonakala lo mbuzo lihlehle isikhashana. Nokho, uMongameli ihlela ukunweba iVolga-Don Canal ngokwakha kwenye intambo kulokho akusho ngo-2007. Ukwakhiwa kwegatsha lesibili kulindeleke ukuba kabili bandwidth - up kuya kumathani ayizigidi ezingama 30-35 wezimpahla ngonyaka. Nokho, okwamanje esebenza ngentambo Volgodon uhhafu kuphela ukulayishwa.