Ukufingqa hygrometer. A hygrometer sokulinganisa nomswakama

Inkolelo evamile ithuluzi sokulinganisa umswakama (nezinye amagesi) ushintsha uba yileli a hygrometer. yokusebenza kwalo simiso ukukala izinga lokushisa libizwa ngokuthi iphuzu amazolo, lapho ukufingqa umswakama iqala emoyeni.

Kuyini nomswakama

Hygrometer alinganise okuqukethwe umswakama emoyeni, okuyinto i inani eliphelele noma isihlobo kungenziwa emelelwa. Eyokuqala yalezi inikeza okuningi umhwamuko-1 cu. m emoyeni ezingeni lokushisa inikezwe. Kodwa imibukiso yesibili kanjani umhwamuko ku eduze emoyeni esimweni ukugcwaliswa, okungukuthi, zilingana ashukumisayo nge isigaba salo uketshezi - .. Lapho kungekho ukuhwamuka noma ukufingqa. Kuyinto isilinganiso kukalwa nomswakama ngokuphelele umswakama sakhe ngokuphelele ngesikhathi ukugcwaliswa. Lapho amanzi umusi emoyeni ayegcwele (futhi, ezingeni lokushisa enikeziwe), umswakama isihlobo lomoya 100%. Ngesikhathi umoya ofanayo unsaturated nge umhwamuko kuyinto alifani kancane.

Kanjani hygrometer ukufingqa

Umgomo we operation kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi sokunquma emoyeni nomswakama, ngokuvamile kuhilela yokulinganisa nezinye ubuningi ezinye ezifana lokushisa, ingcindezi, isisindo noma izinguquko mechanical kagesi futhi ketshezi, umswakama umswakama. Ngu Samandla ezifanele futhi ekubalweni amagugu kulinganiswa kungaholela ukuzimisela nomswakama okuphelele noma okungaphelele. e indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo, izinga lokushisa lapho ukugcwaliswa kwenzeka umusi ngokuthi amazolo iphuzu. Ngokuvamile amadivayisi yesimanje electronic sokunquma nomswakama asemkhathini kukalwa ngalesi lokushisa noma ushintsho capacitance kagesi noma ukumelana umswakama iyavuleka ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ke elihunyushwe (ngokuzenzakalela) e izinkomba nomswakama.

Ukufingqa hygrometer: kudivayisi

Ukusebenza kwawo kusekelwe ukulinganisa okuqukethwe umhwamuko emoyeni yi iphuzu amazolo. Le ndlela uhlanganisa ukupholisa ebusweni, ngokuvamile metal izibuko, lokushisa lapho amanzi phezu kwesibuko ungaphakathi lizama ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ingcindezi lamanzi umusi in igesi ngaphezu kwamanzi isampuli. Ngalesi lokushisa, nenqwaba yamanzi esibukweni ebusweni noma inyuka (ngaphezu buyabanda) noma lehla (uma amaqabunga efudumele kakhulu), t. E umusi ngenhla kwesibuko kuyinto zilingana ashukumisayo ngamanzi condensate isibuko (umusi elihlale).

Isibuko esinjalo senziwe elinama nge conductivity ezishisayo ezinhle (ezifana isiliva noma ithusi) futhi imbozwe ungqimba metal inert, ezifana Iridium, rubidium, nickel noma igolide ukuvimbela kokungcolisa kanye namachibi. Esibukweni is selehlile ngumuntu cooler thermoelectric (Peltier umphumela) ngaphambi kumiswa condensate. A wokukhanya, ngokuvamile kusuka okuqinile diode broadband ukukhanya likhipha siqondiswe ebusweni esibukweni, futhi photodetector uqaphe kubonakala ecucuza ukukhanya okuyinto esiphezulu ku engekho ukufingqa isibuko.

A indlela eqhuba chilled esibukweni hygrometer

Lapho amathonsi amazolo kwakheka kwi esibukweni ebusweni esibukweni, ukukhanya kubonakala wonke uhlakazekile. Ngakho ecucuza yayo ngokufaka photodetector kuyehla, kuphumele ushintsho zinyanga isignali okukhiphayo. Lokhu, ilawulwa i analog noma digital ukulawula system of a cooler thermoelectric, okuyinto igcina esitebeleni esibukweni amazolo iphuzu lokushisa. With yakhelwe kahle uhlelo esibukweni inakekelwa ezingeni lokushisa lapho izinga ukufingqa ncamashi ulingana ngesilinganiso ukuhwamuka amazolo ungqimba. Nse miniature ne-platinum, ukumelana izinga lokushisa (Sukumani Nonke), aboshelwe esibukweni, it alinganise lokushisa okwamanje, okuyinto iguqulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufunda nomswakama.

A hygrometer sokulinganisa nomswakama isakhiwo esicutshungulwayo sihlanganisa futha cleaner ukumpompa ingxenye igesi ukuba ihlaziye, futhi ezengeziwe izakhi zokuhlunga izikhathi usebenze ezindaweni ezingcolile.

Izinzuzo kubhekwe hygrometers

Lezi amadivayisi, Lusekelwe esimisweni okulula umsebenzi ebanzi nesilinganiso ububanzi, ukunemba okuphezulu kanye ukufundwa ezinzile, kabanzi embonini nocwaningo. Ejwayelekile ukufingqa hygrometer, ngokungafani nabaningi nezinye izinzwa nomswakama zingenziwa asishintshi neze, cishe ngeke singangena ukugqoka, okuyinto enciphisa isidingo recalibration. Hygrometer umswakama amazolo iphuzu ungakwazi ukubala ebangeni lokushisa kusuka 100 ° C esiphansi at -70 ° C. Kulokhu, ukunemba ubude kwetshumi ambalwa degree.

imiklamo eziningi abantu abazibheka hygrometers kukhona sekhompiyutha elawulwa futhi kuhlangene resistive lokushisa inzwa ingabalwa futhi okukhipha kusibonisi sangaphandle iyiphi oyifunayo imingcele nomswakama ngaphezu noma esikhundleni iphuzu amazolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba amadivaysi bekuvumela ukuze uthumele imiphumela usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya be-. Njengoba kulindelekile, laba amadivaysi kabanzi izicelo ahlukahlukene yezimboni ezenzakalelayo iqoqo idatha kanye nokuphathwa kwe-okuhambisanayo inqubo ubuchwepheshe.

Izindleko a hygrometer efanayo? intengo yayo, yebo, kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko iqoqo imisebenzi ukusebenza, kuncike ekutholakaleni kanye yinkimbinkimbi electronic control kudivayisi uhlelo. Ngakho, umile ukufingqa hygrometer, ifana oscilloscope digital, kuwufanele okungenani $ 4,000. Ikakhulukazi "eziphambili" oyisibonelo ungakusiza ibize ngaphezu kuka-10 000 zamaRandi. Ezimakethe ungathola futhi hygrometer ngempela functional ephathekayo. wentengo zokhahlamba kusuka 1 kuya ayizinkulungwane 2. zamadola.

Nemibi ukufingqa hygrometers

Ezithi nakuba zazibhekwa hygrometers uhlelo kubhekwa ephumelela kunazo enqubeni nesilinganiso, kusimo salo ukungcola ngenakugwemeka yezingxenye wokulinganisa endleleni ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

Hygrometers ifakwe selehlile izibuko bavame ukwandisa nesilinganiso amaphutha ngenxa yokuba khona ukungcola encibilikayo futhi zingaxazululeki imali kwi esibukweni. izinhlayiya zingaxazululeki kuthinte izici optical kwesibuko. uthuli Lokulingene noma ukubukeka izinhlayiya zingaxazululeki isibuko ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala lokuhlushwa izikhungo okungenzeka yakha amazolo noma frost, kanjalo ngcono isikhathi Ukusabela zedivayisi. ukungcola encibilikayo kuthinte ubukhulu ingcindezi umusi we umswakama olujiyile isibuko, okuyinto ukucwasana iphuzu amazolo. Modern wokulinganisa hygrometer (okungenani e onobuhle zabo eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu) zihlanganisa umsebenzi "self-test", evumela idivayisi ukuthola futhi uphendule ukungcola ngokwethula izichibiyelo afanele algorithm nomswakama izinkomba izibalo.

Akukhathalekile ukuthi izici ezifana cishe hygrometers zonke kubhekwe kudingeka wokuhlola ngezikhathi futhi yokuhlanza.

Izikhungo nge chilled esibukweni hygrometers

Utusa ukuthi umsebenzisi zedivayisi ngomqondo iziqondiso zalo. Hygrometer, okuyinto ebucayi ukungcoliswa, kumele ngezikhathi bahlanza ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza imiphumela nesilinganiso, nakuba lokhu kungase kwandise izindleko yesondlo yalo. Ukuhlolwa ithuluzi esibukweni ngokuvamile eyenziwa nge-microscope okuhlangene kanye nokugcinwa ke - ngesandla ngemva kuvulwa ekamelweni wokulinganisa.

Uma ukuhlanza ebusweni esibukweni wenziwa kuyadingeka iziqondiso zalo yokusebenza imvamisa, ngakho ungagcina ukunemba ukulinganisa. Ukufinyelela okulula esibukweni kwamanzi nokuhlanzwa yayo ngokuvamile enikeziwe phakathi lomnyango nesibuko izingxenye optical. Emakethe manje ungathola yimuphi oyifunayo umthengi ukufingqa hygrometer. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa isibonelo abulawe yayo.

I hygrometers ukusetshenziswa e Metrology

A yakhelwe kahle futhi ezisebenza nge-chilled esibukweni hygrometer inikeza umswakama nesilinganiso nge ukunemba oda eziningana sezingeni elikhulu ukwedlula ivumela ezinye ethandwa umswakama amamitha. zinembile esingokwemvelo laba nezilinganiso, ikakhulukazi uma ifakwe thermometer-platinum ukumelana for lokushisa nesilinganiso, esibukweni namandla isilinganiso microscope ukuqapha isimo esibukweni, okwenza kube ekahle Metrology. Amathuba yokudlulisela ulwazi phezu engenantambo digital imigudu yokuxhumana kuvula amathuba ebanzi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi hygrometers kumasistimu global lokuqoqa nokucutshungulwa kolwazi sezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-laboratories ifektri ezindaweni angcolile

Lezi amadivayisi sokunquma nomswakama asemkhathini ilungele ukulinganisa inani eliphelele imboni yayo laboratories zezulu. Avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba izimiso zokulawulwa ukunemba nezinye izinsimbi zomculo, ezifana isihlobo nomswakama izinzwa esetshenziselwa ukulawula zezulu test emakamelweni.

Ukuthula izici izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa miklamo hygrometers kanye nokwenzeka okwenza yokuhlanza namadivayisi amaningi ofanele ngenkonzo eside ezindaweni nge ukungcola kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahleka Samandla. Lokhu ukuzinza izici abenze ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku igesi ukusakaza lapho amazinga aphezulu ukungcola e amasampula igesi abe izinhlobo okuncane umswakama izinzwa umphumela itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka olimazayo. Ngokwesibonelo, lolu hlobo hygrometers kabanzi ukulawula iphuzu wamazolo phakathi thermostrengthening evele metal izihloko emoyeni nge spetsprimesyami. Ezimweni ezinjalo, anikeza ukufinyelela okulula esibukweni ukuze bahlanze efiselekayo ngokukhethekile.

ukukhiqizwa umswakama-sensitive

Akhethekile inqubo emaphaketheni ubuchwepheshe ezidingekayo ekwakhekeni kwemikhiqizo yasekhemisi, amafilimu, ezinengilazi kanye neminye imikhiqizo ngokuvamile elawulwa nge chilled esibukweni hygrometers. Nalapha futhi, abalithandayo kuleli cala, kuthinta ukuzinza ukunemba nesilinganiso nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba lezi zinqubo avame ukuba akanandaba instrumentation izindleko, izindleko okusezingeni eliphezulu idatha hygrometers akuyona lunqume ekukhetheni zokuqapha umswakama wesifunda.

High-izinga lokushisa igesi kanye iphuzu amazolo

Hygrometers yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile abakhethiwe wokulinganisa okushisa amazolo iphuzu ngaphezu lokushisa kuma. Amadivayisi nge izibuko selehlile zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso ekuseni njengoba ngonyaka 1966 i iseli kwamandla e-hydrogen ukuqapha Apollo ezicitshwayo ezisebenza ezingeni lokushisa 250 ° C futhi ukucindezela 700 psi. Nge lanamuhla ubuchwepheshe Ukupholisa thermoelectric esibukweni amazolo iphuzu kuya ku-100 ° C (noma ngaphezulu, inqobo nje uma i-ingcindezi ngenhla asemkhathini) lingalinganiswa kalula. Ezimweni ezinjalo, bonke iyabonakala hygrometer yokulinganisa gumbi, nabo igesi isampula kumele abe lokushisa ngenhla aphakeme elindelekile amazolo iphuzu, kungenjalo ukufingqa kwenzeka kulezi evele, kanye nesilinganiso kuyoba eyiphutha.

I hygrometers sokulinganisa iphuzu namazolo igesi ephezulu lokushisa, umkhuba ezivamile ukusebenzisa heater kagesi nge isilawuli lokushisa balondoloze yokulinganisa ekamelweni odongeni lokushisa ngenhla aphakeme elindelekile namazolo amaphuzu. Solid-isimo izingxenye optical ezifana ukukhanya diodes likhipha futhi imitshina, inakekelwa endaweni yokusebenza lokushisa okuzisholo (ngokuvamisile 85 ° C) ukuvimbela umonakalo kanye isivuno hygrometer ehluleka. Lokhu kungenzeka ibangelwa zifudumele ncenye kusukela evuthayo wokulinganisa gumbi engangikulo.