Customs yamanani nezinhlobo

Customs imisebenzi kukhona izinkokhelo saziso okukhokhiswa ngabameli amasiko iziphathimandla isimo uma uhambisa noma yiziphi izimpahla ngokusebenzisa amasiko emdeni okuthiwa. umsebenzi okunjalo kunoma yiliphi izwe ngokuvamile yisibopho State, ngokukhethekile ogunyazwe e izindaba amasiko igunya. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russian Federation Federal Customs Service.

Njengoba Russia, kanye Belarus naseKazakhstan ingenye amasiko inyunyana adalwe kubo, amazinga kanye yamanani zokuhlola ezasungulwa imisebenzi yakhe ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano ngo-2008 phakathi ohulumeni kulawa mazwe, isivumelwano "Ngo elinobunye amasiko tariff isiqondiso." Kodwa kusukela kwesigamu 2010. Usayizi izimali ulawulwa amandla uMthetho omusha we Russian Federation "Ngo Customs Imali ekhokhelwa" yesibili. ubungako bawo kunqunywa uhlobo kwezimpahla (ngokusho ngezigaba ekhethekile), izwe lendabuko, kanye nokuba khona izimo izinhlobo olukhethekile imisebenzi zisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwazo.

Kuye kuphi noma izimpahla ezingenayo, imisebenzi namasiko zihlukaniswa lwemsebenti:

• ukungenisa (noma amazwe);
• ukuthekelisa (noma ukuthekelisa);
• yezokuthutha.

imisebenzi Ngenisa yethulwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. imisebenzi Export zivamile ingasaphathwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russian Federation, le misebenzi iyosebenza kuphela izinto zokusetshenziswa elithekelisiwe (ikakhulukazi, ukuba namafutha). Okwamanje, i-World Trade Organization umsebenzi onenjongo nawo wonke amalungu alo, okuhloswe ngaso ukuqedwa ingqikithi imisebenzi kwamanye amazwe. Transit nentela kungukuthi cishe elisetshenziswa umkhuba jikelele. ERussia, lo zokuthutha umphakathi imali ngesilinganiso futhi zero.

Ngokuqondene ezivamile imisebenzi nokungenisa, ku Russian Federation ukusebenzisa yamanani umahluko ukuthi inake ezweni lendabuko kwezimpahla. Lezi zimali ezikhokhiswayo kunalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• isizinda isilinganiso (100% wemali); zisebenza izimpahla, ezweni lendabuko abaqashelwa isimo, okuyinto Russia anikezwe ilungelo lokwamukelwa kakhulu yokwelapha isizwe kwezohwebo;
• izinga eliphelele (200% tariff); Lusebenza izimpahla zabo ezweni lendabuko obonwa isimo, okuyiwona Russia alinikezi kakhulu-sakubona kukuhle ukwelashwa isizwe kwezohwebo;
• Izinga okukhethekile (75% wemali); zisebenza izimpahla, ezweni lendabuko abaqashelwa okuthiwa emazweni asathuthuka.

Basic tariff izinga esetshenziswa Russia ukudayisa wonke amazwe abasebenza ngazo kulo isungule ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye ukuhweba.

Ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi ku izimpahla ezweni ogama Lokudabuka akunakwenzeka ukusungula, kulesi simo, lapho eziklanyelwe Federal Customs Service of imiyalelo ukuhlolwa.

ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe amasiko imisebenzi ku izimoto eRussia. Bona nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu, futhi kuhlobene ubulungu wezwe kuleli WTO. Futhi lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili ukungeniswa izimoto ezintsha futhi asetshenziswa. Nokho, lezi zinguquko ziyothinta izimoto kuphela amazwe eRussia kusukela ilungu WTO - amazwe. Ngokusho kweminye ejensi, amasiko imisebenzi ku izimoto (entsha) sizokuncitjhiswa kusukela 30 kuya 25% futhi uzohlala njalo iminyaka emithathu. Khona-ke kwakufanele balindele okunye ukuncishiswa kwemali yaminyaka yonke mayelana 2.5% ngo ngendlela yokuthi iminyaka ngemva 7 kwafinyelela izinga 15%.

A isibonelo esifanayo ulinde, esebenzisa noma ethola bebelokhu izimoto operation. Duty isethwe 25%, kodwa ngamazinga angafani "ethize". Lokho kuzoba iminyaka emihlanu bese ikhishiwe kuhlelwe (iminyaka engu-2) yawanciphisa 20%. Ngokuqondene izimoto, esasivutha ngaphambi ukungeniswa ezweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7, le duty kubo uhlala okufanayo, ie 2.5 - 5.8 euro "cube" ngamunye injini.