Ukubukeka, izinhlamvu kanye nemiqondo eyisisekelo Islam kafushane

Imibono eziyisisekelo Islam nobuKristu kumelwe ukuba wazi yonke muntu ofundile. Ngeshwa, esikhathini sethu, izimpi ngezinye izikhathi zenkolo phuma. Abantu abaningi abayingenelayo kuzo amakhulu eminyaka, it is awucatshangelwa, lokho abasuke belwa nabo. Inkolo Sekukaningi esetshenziswa ngetinhloso tetepolitiki. Ngenhlanhla, namuhla, sibonga ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, abantu abaningi ithuba lokucabangisisa ngokuziphatha konke ngaphambi sasenziwe ngaphandle kwemvubelo incazelo, eyadluliselwa isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Namuhla ezikoleni watadisha imibono eziyisisekelo Islam. 6 grade esikoleni - ngesikhathi lapho abantu abaningi ezweni lethu okokuqala ababejwayelene naye. Nokho, siyazi ngokwanele ngale nkolo? Siphakamisa ukuthi ukubazi wakhe kangcono. Namuhla sizoxoxa ivela khona, ukusatshalaliswa, izici eziyisisekelo kanye nezimpawu.

Kuzo zonke izinkolo zezwe, okungukuthi Islam iyona omncane. Ngokwe-World Islamic League, abalandeli bayo kukhona abantu abangaphezulu kuka-900 million (njengoba ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21). AmaSulumane - kukhona izakhamuzi emazweni angaphezu kuka-120 emhlabeni wonke, namazwe 35, kwakha mayelana 95-99% labantu, futhi 13 - esincane abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Islam - inkolo isimo emazweni 28 (Mauritania, Pakistan, Iran nabanye.).

Umsuka futhi eziyisisekelo imibono Islam

Ukuvela ukuthi inkolo kungokwalabo 7th ekhulwini BC. e. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho imibono eziyisisekelo Islam. Islam esaphakama eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya, engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Kwathi ngesikhathi kuwa uhlelo yezizwana kumiswa isimo eyodwa. Muhammad (iminyaka yokuphila - 570-632) - ongomunye wabasunguli zisithakazelise inkolo. Ngo 610, wamemezela bona gijimi is Nkulunkulu munye.

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi izwi Arabhu "Islam" kusho "Ukuhanjiswa." Labo abathi le nkolo, ngokuthi "abathembekile." Arabic "devotee" - "Muslim", ngakho igama lesibili Islam - Islam. BaseYurophu shayela le nkolo njengoba Mohammedanism (Mohammed - Mohammed ushintshe igama).

Islam eladabuka Arabia futhi lasakazekela emazweni angomakhelwane leMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNyakatho ye-Afrika, Egypt, Indonesia, India, Malaya nase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Europe, i-South eCaucasus. Namuhla, nali isonto obanzi kunayo emhlabeni ngemva ubuKristu. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinkolo, Islam inamathrendi eziningana. Okuvame kakhulu babo - the Shia futhi Sunni. Yehluka nomunye ngamalungelo omthetho ezithile nezimfundiso.

The Quran - incwadi engcwele amaSulumane, elinikeza wemiqondo eyisisekelo Islam. Ngo-Arabhu, igama elithi "IKoran" kusho "Ukufundwa." Le ncwadi ucacisa ngesu yencazelo eziyisisekelo Islam. Wawuthi ekhulwini 7th, kodwa isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba satjhugululwa. Eyesibili umthombo ukholo (ngemva ngobunyoninco) ngoba Sunnis - (elihunyushwa ngokuthi "isibonelo", "ukuziphatha" kusukela Arabhu) Sunnah. I Sunna kanye ngobunyoninco, nezinye nezimfundiso zenkolo namasiko Allah wethule imibono eziyisisekelo Islam, izimfundiso ezahlukene zokuziphatha kanye nezimiso ezihlobene mhlaba ochazwe, lona wesifazane, ubudlelwane nezinye izizwe, njll Sharia - .. Kuyinto ilungelo izinduna zamaMuslim, okuyinto ngokucacile okushiwo Islam. Ngesisekelo Sharia kukhona Qur'an kanye Sunnah of isimo.

Manje bakutshele okwengeziwe yiziphi imibono eziyisisekelo Islam.

Ukholo unkulunkulu, umbhalo

Okokuqala kuyinto inkolelo-Allah, Omunye Nkulunkulu futhi izithunywa zakhe - Ali noMohammed. Allah umphelelisi izingelosi, abanye abaprofethi, abanye amademoni. Futhi lihlonishwa amaSulumane njengoba onkulunkulu. Isici elilandelayo sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo inkolo - ke ukukhulekela Qur'an. Le miBhalo ukufundisa ngendlela izwe yadalwa, ngoSuku Lokwahlulela, okwethulwa izinganekwane, umlingo, zamaqhawe abaprofethi, Arabhu lasendulo temdzabu, amanothi elawula izihlobo nabangane ubudlelwano. Le ncwadi wadalwa eyikhulu futhi eliphelele lagcina liqedwe ngo ekhulwini 8.

Echaza imibono eziyisisekelo Islam kafushane ukubalula ukuthi esinye isici ukukhulekela Sunnah - lomunye umbhalo, okumelelwe iqoqo izindaba mayelana nezenzo Muhammad, incwadi ekhuluma ngaye, izitatimende ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene. Sunna - kwaleso sisekelo wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo Muslim (Fiqh), kanye namaSulumane egumbini (Sharia).

Mohammedan umthandazo

Ukuze abalandeli Islam, umthandazo ubalulekile kakhulu. Kuyinto umthandazo yansuku zonke, ebanjwa 5 izikhathi ngosuku: ekuseni, ntambama, ngesikhathi amahora 15, lapho kuhlwa futhi ngaphambi nje kuhlwe. Namuhla, Islam, kukhona ezimbili nokuthandaza yesikhathi esisodwa. Phambi kwabo wenziwa egeza isiko (noma amanzi noma isihlabathi).

uraza

Uraza - esikhundleni esikhethekile, ukuhambisana okuyinto ebaluleke yonke Muslim. Phakathi nenyanga ka-Ramadan (lesishiyagalolunye ikhalenda kwenyanga) i adherent inkolo musa adle noma aphuze kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe. Nokho, ungakwenza ebusuku, kwaze kwaba sentathakusa. Namuhla le mfuneko kancane lula. abefundisi Modern akudingi kwezithibelo enjalo ekudleni kwabantu abasebenza kwezolimo, emkhakheni wezezimboni, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye namanye imikhakha amaSulumane.

Hajj

Abaningi bethu bayawazi wemiqondo eyisisekelo Islam. Chaza kafushane owaziwayo futhi ingxenye yayo njengoba Hajj. Ngakho ohamba naseMecca ukuthandaza. Hajj wenziwa ukuze ujoyine ongcwele, siyaphenduka ezonweni zabo.

jihad

Islam, imiqondo eyisisekelo ezivame ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zabo neziphathimandla kungenzeka wayazi ukuthi lokhu kuyinto inkolo lezidlamlilo. impi engcwele, noma jihad - okubizwa ngokuthi impi engcwele ezilwiwa abasekeli bakhe ngokumelene infidels. Lo msuka ukholo Sekuyisikhathi eside itshalwe ubutha nenzondo phakathi abasekeli abasezinkolweni ezingefani. Esikhathini sethu, lemfundiso yaba bathulile, ke akavele Nokho, abefundisi ngezinye izikhathi libhekisela ke, kuye ngokuthi isimo sezombangazwe.

Ramazan

indima enkulu Islam nakho kufeza nemicikilisho yenkolo, okuyinto kunalokho nzima. Njengoba sishilo, amaSulumane enze umthandazo 5 izikhathi ngosuku, kanye ukugcina ukudla, emikhosini yenkolo, amasiko, imicimbi ehlukahlukene, uhambo. usuku 30 eshesha ngesikhathi Ramadan - ingenye amasiko nemikhuba yayikhona ngaphambi Islam Arabia lasendulo. Mhlawumbe, ngaleso sikhathi abantu babezila ukudla ngesikhathi esishisayo zasehlobo. Cishe, kungakho igama layo liyi lwenyanga "Ramadan", ezwakala ngesi-Arabhu njengoba "Ramadan". Lelo gama, esikhundleni salokho, livela "ramadhar" Arabhu kusho ukuhumusha "isikhathi akhathazayo," "ukushisa".

Ehlobo lika-Arabia, ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kwalo - iyona nkathi enzima kakhulu emnothweni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ziphelelwa ukudla, futhi ilanga lashaya phansi kabuhlungu, evutha nedlelo, ngenxa yalokho izinkomo kwamaJuda. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-Arabhu lasendulo baphoqeleka ukuba qinisekisa ukuthi ukudla, kanye ukuze uthumele omningi izindaba kwezomnotho ngoba kusihlwa nobusuku, lapho kwakungeyona kushisa kangaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu bakholwa onkulunkulu nemimoya, ethandazela imvula. Abazange balale ingxenye yokuqala ebusuku, ephethe wakhe nemithandazo yayo eya imimoya nezithixo onkulunkulu. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi izabehlisela imvula eside elindelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Arabhu lasendulo ngenhloso efanayo limenyezelwe kuvinjelwe ukuphuza yokudla emini. Ngakho, imfuneko ukudla ngesikhathi Ramadan e izici zako ezisemqoka iphindwa amasiko ezazikhona ngaphambi Islam, okuyinto ikakhulu kunqunywa izici kwezomnotho ukuphila kwabantu.

Ukuphela okuthunyelwe

Inyanga, elandela Ramadan, ngokuthi shavall. Ngo osukwini lwayo lokuqala sokugubha ekupheleni ukudla. Le iholidi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Eid ul-Fitr. Luthatha izinsuku 3, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho okholwayo kumelwe alandise ngendlela azila khona ukudla. Esimeni lokwephulwa phezu Muslim isigwebo. Akhokhele okuthiwa "sadaqah-Fitr."

Eid al-Adha

izinsuku 70 emva Eid al-Adha lugujwa elinye iholide - umhlatshelo. Ibizwa ngokuthi Eid al-Adha. The main isinyathelo isiko yaleli holidi ungumhlatshelo igazi (ngokuvamile izimvu noma ikamela). Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekwenzeni Hajj e Arabia (Mecca). Kuhle-ke izinkomo zabo wahlaba amaSulumane salokhu iholide. Ngokwe-Sharia, ngoba "izono" womunye umuntu kungenziwa ziboshelwe imbuzi imvu, ne eziyisikhombisa - ngenkunzi nangenqama inkomo ngoba eziyishumi - ikamela. Umhlatshelo owawudingeka ukuze uthole ngemva kokufa kuya epharadesi. Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa Sirat-Bridge, okwaba babengavumelani ngesihogo. Anakho abukhali blade inkemba, izinwele izacile, umlilo ibavuthela. Emnyango kwebhuloho kukhona yezimvu, izinkomo, amakamela, amakholwa Kuphiniwe ngesikhathi iholide of Eid al-Adha. Lezi zilwane Ungahambisa ngokusebenzisa Sirat. Umuntu fikisa victim, ngeke bakwazi ukuhlala kuleli bhuloho. It uyowa esihogweni.

Miraj

Ngenyanga Rajab lugujwa umkhosi enyukele Mi'raj (i- "uhambo of the Prophet ezulwini"). Rajab al-Adha (wesibili segama laso) belilokhu likhona kusukela ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Kwake kwathi ngo-Palestine amandla igxilile le nabanye abaholi Islam kwavela yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi IJerusalema Nethempeli amasayithi yayo engcwele. Ngokusho yetinsita ebusuku 27 Recep Muhammad wakhuliswa embhedeni wakhe ingelosi Jabrail. Naye kumnandi isidalwa Buraq yena babuka eJerusalema, wayesenqumela izwe phezu kwezulu 7th futhi uvele ngaphambi Allah. Kusolakala ukuthi eyayikhuluma uNkulunkulu, emazisa 99.000 amazwi. Zonke lezi zenzakalo ezimangalisayo kwenzeke ngokushesha ukuze Mohammed wabuyela emhlabathini, wathola embhedeni wakhe sifudumele. Kusukela ebhakedeni, okuyinto ebhubhisa, ngangingenabo isikhathi sokukhipha amanzi!

Izazi Muslim, abafuna 'fingqa "kwale nganekwane emangalisayo, ezinqumela bahlathulula vesi Quranic okuyinto elikushoyo uhambo Mohammed ethempelini lamaSulumane akude eyayiseJerusalema. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, esikhathini odongeni lwethempeli kuthiwa "uthole 'zona iringi ukuze kwakuhlala khona lo mprofethi iboshelwe uBurak ikhomishana nohambo ebusuku. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nganekwane we Miraj ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo emasikweni bezinye izinkolo, okuyinto nazo zichazwa engavamile "travel" abaprofethi, noma enyukele abangcwele kanye onkulunkulu.

lokuzalwa Prophet

AmaSulumane bagubha "usuku lokuzalwa umprofethi" (maulyud) ngenyanga, ngokuthi Rabi-al-Awwal. Maulyud njengoba Miraj, umuntu ngokungenasizathu futhi eside ngemva kwezenzakalo esuke enkabeni yalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi le nganekwane Muhammad amelwe Islam, sesifake eziningi izinguqulo ezinganekwaneni zezinye izinkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ekuseni ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe lokho okwenzeka ngo-ngoMsombuluko, lapho Mohammed wazalwa, kanye nezimangaliso ahlobene mcimbi. Nokho, ngabe lutho yokuthi kwaba uMsombuluko phikisana ngakho nomunye. Kamuva, amaSulumane sebekholelwa ukuthi lena isenzakalo esibalulekile esenzeka ku 12 th of Rabi (Rabi-al-Awwal).

ukusoka isiko

Ngo Islam, njengoba sazi, kukhona ukusoka isiko (ngesi-Arabhu - "sünnet"). Lolusiko Futhi liye waboleka, butholakala namahlelo Arabia lasendulo. Lo mcimbi kuyoba ngisho umphakathi lasekuqaleni. Wayengomunye imicikilisho ethile samaholide eziphawula ukwedlulela izinsizwa esigabeni amadoda omdala uhlobo. Okunjalo imicikilisho yokusebenzelana ubuhlungu (ngaphandle bokusoka ongqongqozayo amazinyo nezinye ukulimala) - uhlobo yokuhlola ye isibindi. Zikhona hhayi kuphela e-Arabhu lasendulo, kodwa abantu base-Australia, Afrika kanye nabanye abantu emphakathini lasekuqaleni. Njengoba ebuJudeni, Islam Ukusoka kwaqala ukuba aphathwe ngokuhlukile kancane. Lena uphawu sangaphakathi okuqondene inkolo yamaSulumane. Ukusoka - uhlobo kwemihlambi AmaSulumane kusukela abameleli bezinye izinkolo. Lokhu emkhubeni yakhelwe ukukhuthaza umqondo abathembekile okukhethekileko.

Shakhs-Wachs

Ngakho, siyobe ukuchaza kafushane imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo inkolo yamaSulumane. Sikunikeza ukuba simazi kangcono futhi nge wemikhuba ukuthi banamathele Shia. Lezi amaSulumane lapho ngilila mkhosi wenkolo ngokuthi Shakhs-Wachs (Ashura). Ziqhutshwa ngosuku 10th lwenyanga ka Muharram. Le iholidi, ngokwesiko Islamic, esungulwe yokudumisa Shiite Imam Hussein, owayenguyise umzukulu of the Prophet Muhammad futhi ukholo ekhulwini 7th. Nokho, ubufakazi obungokomlando kusikisela ukuthi ukufa kwakhe kwase hhayi ukholo. Akazange esethenga amalungelo kanye nenkululeko abantu, njengoba kufundiswa abashumayeli inkolo Muslim. Hussein bafela emzabalazweni. Kule abakwazanga ukunqoba, "inkululeko ngakwesokudla." Kunalokho, ngokushesha nje ngemva kokufa kwakhe, abantu abangamalungu nabasekeli Hussein sokucasuka ukuba bavukele, abangu ngaphansi ukuhlukunyezwa.

Kodwa iziphathimandla zazingazimisele okudiliza zonke Shiites - abalandeli Saddam Hussein. Ukulingisa covertly, laba bantu baqhubeka ukufuna ngamandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, baqala kanjani ekusakazeni ukholo sanctity Hussein, wenziwa ukulila emikhosini ngosuku esenzeka ngalo kokubulawa kwakhe. Shiites ngibeké phambili isiqubulo esithi: "Impindiselo ngoba Saddam." Indaba sokufa kwakhe kuhambisana isimemezelo esithi "Shah Hussein, Hussein Islands", okusho ukuthi "iNkosi Hussein, Ah Huseyn!"

Ekhulwini lesi-8, omningi walo abalandeli Imam kuhanjiswe ku Qom. Shia yaqala ukusakaza izimfundiso zakhe e-Iran. Ngekhulu le-16, lapho inkolo isimo kuleli zwe liye laba cult Shia ka Hussein ngokuqondile kwavela njengoba imibono eziyisisekelo bamasiko amaSulumane kulelizwe. Usuku Imam khona kokufa, ukulila, ephelezelwa emikhosini engokwenkolo. Namuhla Shakhs-Wachs - iholidi, okuyinto amakholwa ukuthi, ngokuya amathempeli.

Ngakho, siyobe ukuchaza kafushane imibono yenkolo eziyisisekelo Islam. Sikunikeza ukuba simazi kangcono kufanekisa Islamic.

izimpawu Islamic

ngqó, impendulo ingu-ke alikho, ngoba le nkolo wumumo laconic kakhulu ukusetshenziswa. Ngo Islam kukhona kuvinjelwe izithombe nezidalwa Animate. Nokho, asisebenzi ubunjalo, izinto, imisebenzi izakhiwo kanye nabanye. Mohammed wanxusa ukuba baxwaye izithombe (womuntu noma unkulunkulu) hhayi ukudweba noma yini kodwa nezinto ezingaphili, izimbali, izihlahla. Bakha ngesisekelo imihlobiso Islamic.

Crescent, naphezu kwayo, akuyona uphawu Islam ngomqondo esiqinile zezwi. Yena akuvezi imibono eziyisisekelo Islam. Umlando, ngeshwa, azikho imininingwane eminingi mayelana nencazelo lolu phawu. Waqala lisetshenziswe ukwakhiwa amathempeli emhlabeni eyinkulungwane edlule. Ubufakazi bokuthi ihlobenenamanye inkolo, akukho. Esinye isizathu kungenzeka kokuvela enkantolo ngezinsolo nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey wukuthi amaSulumane uzibophezele ikhalenda kwenyanga.

Enjalo, kafushane, ngemcondvo losemcoka izimpawu yamaSulumane. Njengoba ubona, lokhu inkolo iye ifakwe amasiko amaningi asendulo. Ngeshwa, kumelwe uqaphele yokuthi kuze kube namuhla, imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo imfundiso Islam ngokuvamile isetshenziswe izinjongo zokuthula.