Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: LYM emagama ezinganeni (inkambiso)

Njengoba sekunama-ingane kubazali babo, ziba khona izikhathi eziningi ezimangalisayo ongenakulibaleka. I smile lokuqala, igama lokuqala, izinyathelo kuqala. Zonke lezi impumelelo ingane iyona ebaluleke kakhulu nabazali bakhe. Umama nobaba ozama ukunikeza ingane yakho okungcono kakhulu kuphela futhi awuvikele zonke izinhlobo izinhlekelele. Kodwa, naphezu ithenda nokunakekela elindile, ingane bathambekele agule.

Evikela ingane ekuguleni?

Ukuthola ezweni imvelo oyinyumba sesizalo, ingane ebhekene nezwe eziningi amagciwane abe nenkani.

wayezijwayele abameleli owesincane eziphilayo iqala umoya kuqala. Ukuze oyinyumba umzimba ingane zonke izinto eziphilayo athwala usongo. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, nemvelo abanakekela kwezidalwa olungenakuzisiza, ukunikeza kuye ukuvikelwa enamandla - amasosha omzimba. Amasosha omzimba ngayo lapho usana kuncike ngokuphelele nonina. Kuyinto umama uyakwazi ukunikeza umzimba wayivikela ngamandla ingane kanye liqala ubisi. Ngakho imvelo okuhloswe, kanye best akekho ungacabanga noma benze.

Kodwa ingane akakwazi ukumelana nakho konke izilokazane ezincane ezenzeka ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho umhlangano onjalo - nesenzakalo izifo. Phezu ukuthola izimpawu kwengane, thina khawuleza ukubona onguchwepheshe - wezingane. nokuhlola ngokucophelela ingane yakho, udokotela uyoncoma ngoba isithombe esiphelele ukuhlolwa igazi.

Yini uyakwazi ukutshela ukuhlolwa igazi?

Qedela ukuhlaziywa igazi ongamtshela okuningi ngesimo bokuphila wengane okwamanje. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, emagama, LYM - zonke lezi imiqondo ibalulekile udokotela. Ngenxa yalesi inkomba, udokotela onganquma okufanele isimo amasosha omzimba emntwaneni wakho.

Yini ukuhlolwa kwegazi, LYM, ukuthi kuyini nokuthi kungani kudingeka wena? Ngakho, une uhlu nge eziningi wayephambanisa ngoba isilinganiso umuntu izimpawu kanye nezinombolo. Qonda kubo kuphela nguchwepheshe wezokwelapha. Kodwa ukuqonda okuthile ngenxa umuntu ngaphandle imfundo professional. Ngokwesibonelo, uyini LYM? Ukuhlaziya igazi, emagama okuyinto ngezansi kuzokusiza ukuqonda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi of ngezokwelapha.

Ngokuvamile, eshidini nge imiphumela ephelele segazi kuhlanganisa la maphuzu ayinhloko:

• Hb - hemoglobin. Lesi sibalo sikhombisa okuqukethwe iprotheni ekhethekile igazi, okuyinto esiphathiswa umoya-mpilo emzimbeni womuntu.
• Ht - Hematocrit. Inani lale inkomba ikhombisa isilinganiso kwamangqamuzana egazi ukuze plasma.
• RBC - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lesi sikhundla eduze okuhlobene inani elithwala umoya-mpilo, njengoba erythrocyte - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - kukhona abathwali yalesi amaprotheni ezibalulekile.
• CPU - umbala Inkomba. Ikhombisa isilinganiso elithwala umoya-mpilo index lemali kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
• WBC - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Lesi simo sengqondo kusho lukhulu okuqukethwe kwe-kwemigwamanda enesibopho ngxabano umzimba umuntu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
• NEU - neutrophil. Lokhu nesilinganiso kunikeza ulwazi mayelana emangqamuzaneni omzimba esingokwemvelo, ogama msebenzi ukuncela futhi iwukudambisa imizimba angaphandle kanye eziphilayo.
• EOS - eosinophils. La mangqamuzana nazo amasosha omzimba-non-ethize yomuntu, esizibonakalisa yokungezwani komzimba kanye nezifo yisinanakazana.
• LYM - lymphocyte. Lesi sikhundla uchaza isimo amasosha omzimba athile futhi agcwele izinqubo ukuvuvukala emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuze ochwepheshe ukutadisha ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kulungiswa LYM kakhulu ulwazi.
• PLT - platelet. Lezi corpuscles ekhethekile banesibopho igazi ekunqandeni futhi adsorbed ku izinsalela imfucuza mzimba compounds.
• ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation izinga. Inani lale ipharamitha utshela udokotela mayelana nokuba khona e yisishiso umzimba noma ezinye izifo sokugembula.

Eceleni kwalezi zibalo embukisweni empeleni Kutholwe amagugu kanye umkhawulo amagugu. Yilokho kwaziswa has ukuhlolwa igazi. Efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo LYM ezinganeni kwenziwe ngokuhambisana yobudala kwengane. izinkomba Standard ukushintsha njengoba zikhula ingane yakho endala.

Yiziphi lymphocyte?

Yini kusitshela esithi ongaqondakali LYM? Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okuyinto okulotshiweyo has wazi, uphawula ukuthi igazi izinhlayiya ezithile - lymphocyte.

Ama-lymphocyte kukhona amaseli egazi, ayingxenye omzimba umuntu. Leli qembu agranulocytes, uhlobo egazi amhlophe, ezibizwa ngokuthi "egazi amhlophe". B lymphocyte imisebenzi zihlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukunikeza amasosha omzimba noma humoral omzimba impendulo.
• Ixhumana amaseli - izisulu. Linikeza amasosha omzimba emangqamuzaneni.
• Imisebenzi ngoba ukulawulwa nezinye izinhlobo cell.

Izinga evamile lymphocyte ezinganeni 30 - 70% (kuye ngokuthi yobudala). Kodwa igazi iqukethe ngaphansi kwama-2% wabo bonke amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ngakho bonke abanye kuwo wonke umzimba futhi limi emisipheni. Igazi ukuhlolwa udokotela eyahlulela esejwayelekile lymphocyte emzimbeni. Ukuze kube nendaba LYM Inkomba (ukuhlolwa igazi). Kulungiswa (kuyinsakavukela iyatholakala kukhona) zonke ukutshela. Isimo lapho inombolo idlula kuyinsakavukela, ibizwa ngokuthi lymphocytosis. Uma okuqukethwe kwabo ngezansi umkhawulo, khona-ke kubizwa ngokuthi leukopenia.

Isici eyingqayizivele yikhono amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ukuqaphela antigen. Ama-lymphocyte akhiwa izitho elandelayo nomzimba womuntu: amalaka, izindlala zamanzi, ubende, nezimagqabhagqabha Peyer sika, umnkantsha, futhi isithasiselo saleli Bhayibheli. Ethembele amaseli amaseli encane nge dark core anemibala. Umnyombo iqukethe semali chromatin futhi mitochondria cytoplasm kancane elise ifomu iyona. Uma sithola i-morphology lama-lymphocyte, izinhlobo ezimbili kungaba avelele:

• Elikhulu luyimbudumbudu cell hlobo (ngokuvamile NK-amaseli, akuvamile - immunoblast futhi lymphoblasts esimweni division).
• amaseli Encane (T ne-B-lymphocyte).

Kususelwa imisebenzi ukuthi usebenze lymphocyte emzimbeni, bahlukene zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte futhi NK-cells.

B-lymphocyte

B cell - namangqamuzana ukuthi bayakwazi ukubona amaphethini elinenzondo noma antigen. Labo bantu basabela ngokuthi ukukhiqiza molecule ekhethekile wamaprotheni nemvelo - amasosha omzimba.

Ngesimo B-lymphocyte siguqulwe mayelana 10-20% lamaseli ethize. Isici zalezi zakhiwo kuyinto inkumbulo ukuxhumana ejenti angaphandle, noma kungaba igciwane, igciwane noma ekhuthaza kwamakhemikhali, ekwakhiweni indlela yakhe eyingqayizivele neutralization. Nakuba la mangqamuzana uyaphila, bona kubuyise inkumbulo kuluthola. bona bayakwazi ukudlulisela lolu lwazi eyayisanda kumiswa B-lymphocyte. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa la mangqamuzana uyakwazi ngempumelelo ukufeza ngenqubo yokugoma.

T lymphocyte

T - ama-lymphocyte nabalawuli engavamile amasosha omzimba. okuqukethwe zabo egazini - 60-85% of the lymphocyte Imininingwane. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, LYM okulotshiweyo izobonisa ncamashi lolu hlobo lymphocyte. Kokumethemba amaqembu lamaseli ufake thymus noma i-thymus, lapho inqubo nokuvuthwa yabo. Yingakho bebizwa T-lymphocyte. La mangqamuzana zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• T-lymphocyte nithela-CD4 umaka. Ababandakanyeka ukulawulwa inqubo kwamangqamuzana B-lymphocyte futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba.
• T lymphocyte, ama-CD4 umaka zenethiwekhi. Lezi corpuscles ungene ngokubambisana neNhlangano phagocytes, futhi ubasize iwukudambisa amagciwane amaseli. Amaqembu amabili-CD4 umaka abathwali ehlangana ku isigaba T umsizi amaseli.
• T-suppressor uyakwazi abacindezela amasosha omzimba noma umphumela cytotoxic phezu antigen noma ukudedela cytokines noma isignali akunika isiqondiso ezimbi.
• T-lymphocyte nithela umaka CD8, ngokuthi T-ababulali. La mangqamuzana labo abazokwazi siqaphela futhi wabhubhisa isakhiwo itheleleke nge amagciwane nezinye Amagciwane intracellular.

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-T-lymphocyte kubantu yilezi:

• Ukuvusa B lymphocyte ukuze zanda namazwe ukuhlukanisa.
• Ikhono ukucindezela amasosha omzimba.
• I ngokucacile antigenic ka-T-umsizi ne-T-killer cells.

NK-amaseli

NK - ama-lymphocyte umsebenzi ukulawula izinga zonke kumaseli emzimbeni womuntu. akhawunti Bona for 5-20% wabo bonke lymphocyte.

Eqaphela a angahlangani cell, NK - lymphocyte enamandla okubhubhisa ke. NK isifinyezo imele «Yemvelo Killer» ( «natural killer"), okhombisa ukuthi lezi izidakamizwa yeselula. Ukuthola ukungafani e umaka cell, NK - lymphocyte ukuqeda ke, ukuhlinzeka ubumsulwa histological emzimbeni womuntu. isenzo sayo kuhloswe ikakhulu ngesikhathi elwa izimila umdlavuza kanye amaseli siguqulwe nge amagciwane.

Ngakho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi etholakalayo (okulotshiweyo LYM) ngeke utshele udokotela wakho mayelana ejwayelekile uma okuqukethwe ingane lymphocyte. Kulesi sigaba, singaxoxa mayelana nokuqukethwe evamile, ephakeme noma ukuncipha la mangqamuzana egazini. Jwayelekile lymphocyte okuqukethwe kuchaziwe ethebuleni.

Ithebula izinkomba zifane lymphocyte

Kakhulu ulwazi ngenxa nokuhlola le nkomba kuyinto ephelele segazi (okulotshiweyo LYM Ly). Ama-lymphocyte (izibalo atholakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa kuyinsakavukela) uzokutshela mayelana nokuqukethwe ephakeme noma ukuncipha lezi zinto egazini.

okuqukethwe Okukhulu lymphocyte (lymphocytosis)

Zimbili izinhlobo lymphocytosis:

• Ukwanda isihlobo lymphocyte egazini ukhuluma kuphela iphesenti kakhudlwana yokugcina isiyonke leucocyte ukubala. Inani lama-lymphocyte is ukhulise. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (okulotshiweyo LYM) Kuyobonisa inombolo yabo. Isihlobo leukocytosis nobuntu-typhoid fever, umkhuhlane, isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi Birmera, splenomegaly okungamahlalakhona, aleukia, izifo endocrine (isifo Addison futhi Graves '), ezinye izinhlobo amavithamini, ukukhathala ngokomzimba, ukungondleki, isimo ngemuva lokugoma prophylactic futhi lapho esalulama emva kokutheleleka oyingozi.
• Ukwanda ngokuphelele lymphocyte sici for chronic ingozi ugcunsula ukusabela emva ekuphathweni ongama ka epinephrine, isifo sofuba kungavamile ukuba ingozi, pertussis (lihambisana leukocytosis), angina peptic, wegazi lymph.

Okuqukethwe encishisiwe lymphocyte (lymphocytopenia)

Lymphopenia noma lymphocytopenia nakho kungase ezimbili zama:

• I lymphopenia isihlobo, kwenzeka iningi amacala, obonakaliswe ukwehlisa iphesenti lymphocyte ku-formula leukocyte. Kulokhu, lo ngokuphelele lymphocyte count kungenzeka evamile noma ephakeme. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa esivamile mieloza leukemic, leukocytosis (sepsis, lobar pneumonia).
• leukopenia Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke akuvamile. Kuyinto ejwayelekile acute izifo ezithathelwanayo ifomu ezinzima. Ngokwesibonelo, i-sepsis acute, isimungumungwana sarcomas, isifo sofuba i-lymph node, umdlavuza. LYM (igazi eliphelele ukubala, emagama abo bonke izinkomba) odinga ukukwazi ochwepheshe Ihlahlubo ukusihlola isiguli.

Ukubonisana ngenxa yalokho ochwepheshe ezidingekayo?

Ukuze uthole iseluleko futhi ukukhomba izinhlobo igazi ezimhlophe cell count kwezinso, ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe kuzodinga kokubonisana phthisiatrician eyisazi udokotela Venereology. Kakhulu ulwazi ngalezi ochwepheshe CBC kulungiswa LYM (leli nani lenyuka noma kwehle) ukusiza ukwenza uphethwe yini. Lapho luhlolo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi belashwe odokotela sifaneleka njalo ithuba babuyele ngokugcwele nesineke.