Uhlaziyo iphothifoliyo loan. Loan iphothifoliyo - kuyinto ...

Phakathi izinkomba ezibalulekile kakhulu ukusebenza inzuzo ebhange - loan iphothifoliyo. Kungaba ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zidinga iseluleko esinokulinganisela cazelo of izinkomba equkethwe kuwo. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ukuhlola portfolio ayo loan, amabhange babe njalo. Isixazululo ngempumelelo le nkinga - isici enkulu nekusebenta isikhungo sezezimali. Kuyini isakhiwo se-portfolio loan? Ngingayithola kanjani sihlaziye izinkomba okumunyethwe kuwo?

Imininingwane yalolu iphothifoliyo loan

Loan iphothifoliyo - kuyinto, uma ulandela omunye ethandwa phakathi Russian abacwaningi imiqondo, esasele ukweletwa ebhange (noma ezinye isihloko umsebenzi commercial), esadaleka ngenxa nezinye izinhlangano noma abantu sokubolekwayo. Tindlelanchubo ekutholeni ukubaluleka ipharamitha elihambisana zingase zishintshe kakhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iphothifoliyo loan kuzomele sifake isithakazelo correlative roomates nge senkokhelo amasheduli egcwele, kuyilapho abanye bakhetha nakanjani zihlanganisa kuye kuphela yesikweletu, kanye nezinye izingxenye imalimboleko - libalwe ifomula ekhethekile. Ukungqubuzana - uyasho inhlangano ukubuyisela leyo ngaphambi izikweletu nesimiso hhayi kufanele ukhokhe inzalo kakhulu.

Ngokucacile ukuhlaziywa iphothifoliyo loan

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-iphothifoliyo loan kubaluleke kakhulu ngokuya ekuhloleni ukuzinza elihambisana isikhungo sezezimali. Iqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo inhlangano ibhizinisi yakha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi inzuzo, njengoba umthetho, ngokusebenzisa sokubolekwayo. Nokho, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuthi singakanani loans okunikeze ku amabhange, kodwa futhi ngezinga elingakanani isiyalo uzobe ababoleka ibalwa. Ngakho, enye indlela yokunquma ukhiye anqume izinga kuphothifoliyo loan lenhlangano yezezimali - the solvency we abantu abanikezwe uvumela sokubolekwayo. Kungaba zimisele esekelwe ezihlukahlukene izinkomba.

Uma kuziwa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, kungase kube:

- inzuzo yezezimali;

- ezingeni lamanje credit umthwalo ibhizinisi;

- ngqo izinkontileka ukhiye, nezinye izinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza ngenzuzo;

- Umlando wokukhokha kwemali.

Ngokuphathelene nesimo yemvelo abantu ababoleka, ikhono lazo akhokhe kungase kusekelwe:

- we iholo;

- ukuzinza inkampani kuqashwa;

- ezingeni lamanje izikweletu umthwalo;

- okuqukethwe umlando credit.

Njengoba kungenzeka imithombo ukuhlaziywa okwalandela esetshenziswa njengoba naphakathi-amadokhumenti, nalabo zibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana ababoleka yasebhange eqondile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lolu hlelo lokusebenza nesivumelwano sokubolekwa imali (ngokuvamile aqukethe ulwazi mayelana amaklayenti).

Loan iphothifoliyo - kuyinto inkomba loans ngesikhathi, inani kanye nemibandela inzuzo, kulinganiselwa ngesisekelo imigomo yesivumelwano nge umboleki. Ukubala angathwala ku ezihlukahlukene izingozi kwezomnotho. Uhlaziyo iphothifoliyo loan isetshenziswa, kuqala, ukucacisa esiphezulu kungenzeka inzuzo yezezimali ukuthi kungenzeka lapho bebuyela ababoleka capital, kanti okwesibili - ukukhomba izici kungenzeka olwalungase luphazamise iqembu ngokwezimali ngesikhathi futhi egcwele, kubalwa ne Bank.

iphothifoliyo

Ungahlanganyela kanjani kunqunywa izinkomba ezithile agcwele ipharamitha ukuzinza lamabhange? Kungase ibukeke nokwakheka iphothifoliyo loan? Ngokuvamile kuhilela ngezigaba imali ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

- isabelo lwemali noma ruble;

- indlela yokunikeza;

- ukuvuthwa;

- ngesimo esingokomthetho umboleki;

- ezweni umsuka inhlangano ngezimali.

Lolu hlu olungenhla ngemibandela kungaba ngokuqinisekile kulekelelwa, nezinye izinto.

Yini hhayi kufakwe kuphothifoliyo?

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo loans akufanele kufakwe kuphothifoliyo loan. Lapho lokhu? Ngo nendlela ye izikhungo eziningi yasebhange ke banquma ukungazifaki ohlwini amafa loans ukuthi ikhishwa iziphathimandla zomphakathi, non-isabelomali izimali. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa Ukukhishwa ukubolekisa enjalo ngaphandle ezinkulu izidingo eseduze noma zenzalo, ngokuphongoza ohlangothini encane emakethe. Loan iphothifoliyo - kuyinto inkomba ebonisa imisebenzi ejwayelekile lenhlangano yezezimali. Ukubolekwa kwemali ngamanani ekhethekile kungase ayiphili ngalezi nenqubomgomo.

Ukubolekwa kwemali ukuthi abafakiwe udumo iphothifoliyo ngamabhange, kungabuye ikhishelwe izinhlangano umlingani, nezinye izinhlangano zezimali ebambe, lapho kusungulwa zamanje kuyingxenye isakhiwo noma izinhlangano okhonzile. Empeleni, ngezindlela eziningi ukuthengiselana okunjalo ezihlobene ukubolekisa ngokusemthethweni. Eqinisweni, kungaba evamile Ukudluliselwa inter-inkampani kungukuthi okuhloswe ngaso nokususa iningi inzuzo yebhange.

Izigaba iphothifoliyo ukuhlaziywa

Thina manje ukuphenya kabanzi indlela ukuhlaziya kungaba kwenziwe imalimboleko iphothifoliyo isikhungo sezezimali. Ngenhla siphawulile izimiso eziyisisekelo umsuka cwaningo olufanele - okungukuthi, inani ukuhlanganisa imali wamanje kanye izici ezithinta impumelelo bebuyile uyasho izinhlangano. Manje umsebenzi wethu - cabanga izigaba eziyinhloko lapho ukuhlaziywa loan iphothifoliyo. Abacwaningi banamuhla ukuhlukanisa elandelayo kubo:

- ukuhlaziywa izici ezithinta kwaneliswe isidingo services yasebhange;

- ukuzimisela umthamo abolekise lesikhungo wezimali;

- Ukutadisha isakhiwo imali zikhokhwa ngoba kungenzeka ukuhambisana ukuhlonza amakhono;

- isifundo wamanje loan izinkontileka elisayinwe yasebhange futhi lo muntu obolekayo;

- Ukuxilongwa ikhwalithi iphothifoliyo, ukuthuthukiswa izincomo ngcono yayo.

Masitadishe lezi zinyathelo ukuhlaziywa ohambelana imininingwane yasebhange inkomba ukusebenza.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ka nezidingo amasevisi ngesikweletu

Izinto okukhulunywa kungenziwa labizwa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Njengomthetho, onikezwe zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka samukelwa ku:

- zezimali kanye yasebhange etholakalayo dolobha, okungase esichithwa ukuhlinzekwa imali;

- nokutholakala kwezinsiza ukumboza ukushoda okungenzeka ibe yimali komyanga yokukhokha isiyalo amakhasimende;

- imininingwane yalolu ingxenye imisebenzi kwezentengiselwano ebhange, izimfanelo izethameli eziqondiwe iklayenti.

Phakathi kwezici zangaphandle:

- izinqubo zezomnotho ezenzeka kuleli zwe, isifunda noma endaweni ethile;

- ezingeni wokuncintisana emakethe yasebhange abolekise;

- inqubomgomo Central Bank - ngokwesibonelo, ngokulandela kumiswa abakuzuzile izinga ukhiye;

- isiqondiso zomthetho wesikweletu ubudlelwano.

Bank, enifeza ukuhlaziya izici ezikhethiwe Kanjalo bangakwazi ukubona lezo zibaluleke kakhulu ngokuya izinga iphothifoliyo, bese usebenzisa idatha ukuze sithuthukise izimfanelo sibalo okuhambisanayo.

Ukunqunywa umthamo obolekisayo

Esigabeni esilandelayo iphothifoliyo ukuhlaziywa - sokunquma umthamo abolekise lesikhungo zezimali. Umhlangano nale nselele kuhilela isifundo okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu imithombo, ngenxa okuyinto ibhange angazuza izimali kwe-aspect of imisebenzi obolekisayo. Credit okunamandla Kulokhu kungenziwa okwethulwa izinguqulo ezimbili: njengoba okhumbulayo ukuthi khona imithombo yebhange yesikhashana, futhi lowo ihlobene "eside" izivumelwano esikhungweni amaklayenti zezimali. Yiziphi imininingwane ngamunye wabo?

kwakhiwa Ithemu ezingaba is ngesisekelo cash ukuthi amabhange buthelela ku imali, ama-akhawunti wamanje, ama-akhawunti umholo kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza, ngenxa okuyinto ungakwazi ngokushesha ukwandisa zezimali. Njengomthetho - ungakapheli nonyaka. ezingaba eside, yena, kusho ukuthi isikhungo umthombo ebhange, okuyinto kungabuye sokuqala sokuqashwa njengothisha ithuluzi ukwandisa zezimali, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa kwesikhath isikhathi, ngokuvamile akukho konyaka owodwa kusukela ngosuku isiphelo sesimiso izinkontileka okuhambisanayo nekhasimende . Bank Ukuphathwa credit Iphothifoliyo encike ngqo kwi isakhiwo izinhlobo kubhekwa agcwele isikhungo sezezimali. Umngcele we-okukhulunywa - phakathi ebaluleke kakhulu ngokuya ukuhlaziywa ukuzinza yasebhange njengoba isakhiwo commercial.

Abanye abacwaningi bathi, njengengxenye umthamo abolekise lesikhungo ongakhonza ukufinyelela ngezimali zangaphandle. Okokuqala kuyinto Yiqiniso, loans kusukela Central Bank. Kodwa zingabuye futhi ngenkuthalo eyayihambisana ukubolekisa kusuka kwamanye amazwe. Omunye umbuzo ingabe ebhange ethile likwazi ukufinyelela labo. It kungenziwa nomkhawulo njengoba nenqubo kwezomnotho - isibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi izinkomba zamanje isikhungo kwemibono ayemkweleta, futhi akazange labo lokuhlangabezana nenqubo yalokho solvency nezombusazwe - uma ibhange ajeziswe ngenxa kwalokho akunakubhekisela ababoleka angaphandle.

Ukuhlaziywa imali ngokuhambisana abanekhono

Esigabeni esilandelayo socwaningo imalimboleko iphothifoliyo isikhungo sezezimali - ukuhlaziywa sokuhambisana ekhishwe ukubolekisa Kutholwe ubukhulu bale engaba, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla. Hlobo luni lwezinkinga kungaba kulesi simo ebhange?

Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kuphothifoliyo loan isici eziphathelene nezivumelwano wokuphuthuma esisayinwe isikhungo sezezimali futhi lo muntu obolekayo, kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo nokufinyelela kuzinto yakha ezingaba angenhla. akufanele kube khona isimo lapho ibhange ikhipha inombolo enkulu imali "eside", kodwa akanawo "amafushane" kwezinsiza ukulondoloza zezimali. Ngisho noma umboleki uzokhokha usohlelweni njalo - izimali kungase kungeneli ukuxazulula izinkinga zamanje lesikhungo.

Kwezinye izimo, amabhange, ukulungisa eside kusilela ezingaba hhayi kokuba izinsiza ukwandisa ke, baphoqeleka ukuba ukuguqula kuzinto yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane eside. Futhi kungase futhi zingayilimaza imigomo zezimali yesikhungo.

Ukwenza umsebenzi we-ukuhlaziywa loan ukuhambisana ezingaba zihambe ngokushelela ku umsebenzi obumba esigabeni esilandelayo kuphothifoliyo boleko ucwaningo - ekutadisheni izinkontileka loan waphetha phakathi kwebhange iklayenti. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

I izinkontileka cwaningo

Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuba izazi yebhange sizoxoxa okuqukethwe eyodwa ikhasi yesivumelwano ngasinye umboleki. Kuyinto ngobuchwepheshe nzima kakhulu futhi ngokuphelele okungalungile ngokuya zabasebenzi. Njengomthetho, kwenziwe ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo eziqukethwe izivumelwano. Iqiniso lokuthi imibhalo yohlobo ehambisana aqukethe umehluko omncane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile basuke encishisiwe:

- kwinani imalimboleko;

- Ngokuphathelene nomahluko okhona egameni inani lenzalo ngamunye;

- ukuze ukuphuthuma buyiselo ;

- ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo loan.

Isikimu olucutshungulwayo osebenza Yiqiniso, uma kuziwa ehlaziya izinkontileka esiphethwe isigaba efanayo ababoleka - ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi ngokusemthethweni eqashwe isikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe.

It kuvela ukuthi akudingekile ukufunda idokhumenti ngayinye: kwanele ukuze uhlukanise imithombo emaqenjini, kuhilela ukulethwa kunoma iyiphi esivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube nezivumelwano ezifaka lokuthenga ngesikweletu futhi inzalo ka-20% ngonyaka kanti ngenhla, noma lezo ezihilela buyiselo imalimboleko ungakapheli nonyaka. Ngakho, ibhange, behlola udumo ingozi iphothifoliyo kungenzeka umane buthelela ulwazi efanele etholakala kuMqulu izinkontileka, futhi lokhu kuzoba isifundo sabo.

Ngokusho imiphumela esigabeni elihambisana yokuhlaziya izikhungo zezimali kungaba izibalo, owawuthi sizokwazi ukubona ukuthi uyaludinga yini inqubomgomo yokuthuthukisa inhlangano esimeme yasebhange:

- ngokuya ukubolekisa;

--aspect kwezimiso reference nezivumelwano zezikweletu elihambisana ezingase zivele;

- ngokombono ubukhulu ngenzuzo ezivukayo ngenxa yokuhwebelana.

Umphumela iziphetho zavela, ekuhloleni izinga kuphothifoliyo, kanye nezincomo ukuthuthukisa ke - esigabeni esilandelayo umsebenzi abacwaningi.

I izilinganiso kanye nezincomo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kuleli cala - ukuze ahumushe imiphumela imisebenzi abahlaziyi. Imiphumela yomsebenzi kufanele iqondiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bengasebenzisa njengoba yithuluzi eliwusizo ukuthuthukisa isu lokuthuthukiswa yebhange. Bayoba kulusizo imisebenzi nokwenza ukwakha loan iphothifoliyo ukuphathwa, isikhungo sezezimali.

ukuhlaziywa Ofanele lunikeza ipharamitha ukuzinza ebhange nencazelo yalo - isimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukusungulwa lokuncintisana emakethe. Umgodlagodla i-credit we Savings Bank noma waphinde wabhekana nomunye umdondoshiya we Russian yasebhange wemboni, kungenzeka kube ireferensi. Kodwa nge esinokulinganisela kwencazelo isu lokuthuthukiswa kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano yezimali ingase ibe kahle umdlali okuphawulekayo emakethe ukuncintisana kakhulu kangaka. Loan iphothifoliyo - akuyona iqoqo izinombolo yokubika. It is a ithuluzi sangempela ekuthuthukiseni yasebhange yebhizinisi.

Ukuhlola yezikhungo zezimali iphothifoliyo loan kungaba kwenziwe hhayi kuphela isakhiwo layo langaphakathi, kodwa futhi abadlali wakwamanye amazwe - afana zimali. Yiqiniso, kuncike ukutholakala ukufinyelela izinkomba ezifanele. Kule ngxenye izinzuzo ukuncintisana amabhange nge olinganiselayo loan iphothifoliyo, siyofezwa e ikhono lokuthola ukutshalwa ezinkulu. Noma - njengenye indlela - abe okuthandayo ekutholeni ukufinyelela kwemali yangaphandle. Kulokhu, abalingani engaba isikhungo sezezimali kule ngxenye kungaba futhi abalobi izincomo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa isu lokuthuthukiswa wamabhange, ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo imiphumela yocwaningo we iphothifoliyo loan.