UDaniel Defoe: isifinyezo sezinto "eRobinson Crusoe" I-idayari yomfundi

UDaniel Defoe inoveli eRobinson Crusoe ukwazi konke. Ngisho nalabo abaye ukufunda, khumbula indaba itilosi abasha othola esiqhingini eyihlane ngemva komkhumbi. Wayehlala lapho iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili.

Wonke umuntu uyazi lokhu umbhali uDaniel Defoe. "ERobinson Crusoe", sifinyeto okwenza waphinda uqinisekise ubuhlakani bayo - kungumsebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke.

Bangaphezu kuka-iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, abantu bedumisa noveli. Baningi Parodies kuso bese uqhubeke. Zezomnotho oyakhayo kule imodeli inoveli yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani. Kuyini ukuthandwa le ncwadi? Indaba Robinson kuzokusiza uthole impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Isifingqo "eRobinson Crusoe" I-idayari yomfundi

Robinson ukuthi uyindodana yesithathu usizi olungapheli kubazali, it is awakulungele kunoma umsebenzi. Wayeke uyinkosi mayelana kolwandle kanye nohambo. Umfowabo omdala walwa abaseSpain futhi wafa. umzalwane Ephakathi waduka. Ngakho-ke, abazali abafuni ake kwezinsuku ezingeziningi indodana encane olwandle.

Ubaba izinyembezi wancenga Robinson nje ngesizotha khona. Kodwa lezi zicelo kuphela ngokokuqala lanxusa umfana oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala. INdodana uzama ukunqoba usekelo kamama, kodwa lo mbono asiphumeleli. Enye ngonyaka uzama bacele isikhathi sokungabikho kubazali babo, kanti ngo-September 1651 hhayi ukubhukuda London, ngenxa ukuhamba mahhala (ukaputeni wasezala umngane wakhe).

Sea ukuzidela Robinson

Ngosuku lokuqala ngesikhathi ulwandle kwagqashuka Robinson wavuma enhliziyweni yakhe ngenxa yokungalaleli. Kodwa lokhu Umbuso kwashabalala ukuphuza. Ngeviki uye zafinyelela kugadle inhlekelele ngaphezulu. Lo mkhumbi Ngishoné kanye amatilosi wacosha isikebhe aphuma kuso eseduze. Ogwini Robinson afuna ukubuyela abazali bakhe, kodwa "amashwa" ugcina kuye endleleni sakhe esikhethiwe. Isifingqo "eRobinson Crusoe" I-idayari yomfundi ebonisa ukuphila kube nzima kwadingeka ukuthi Robinson.

ELondon, iqhawe wahlangana induna umkhumbi, uya Guinea, futhi uyagijima nalo, kokuba uyeke omnye. Robinson ngokushesha izilokotho wayebe itilosi, ngakho wafunda itilosi. Kodwa abanye ulwazi uthola: uCaptain ubumnandi ukwenza nge Robinson, ezama ukudlula isikhathi. Lapho umkhumbi ebuyela eNgilandi, induna efa, Robinson ngokwakho sintanta Guinea. Lo mkhankaso kungaphumeleli: umkhumbi wabo bemikhumbi wayithatha Turkish, futhi iqhawe lethu uguqulwe induna Turkish lesigqila. Lokho kwenza Robinson ukwenza yoke imisebenzi yekhaya, nolwandle akuthathi. Kule ngxenye noveli "The Adventures of eRobinson Crusoe", sifinyeto echaza konke ukuphila protagonist, okubonisa ukuzimisela kokuhola kwamadoda.

Umnikazi wathumela izinhlanzi eyisithunjwa, futhi ngolunye usuku lapho sasisendaweni kude ogwini, Robinson enqaba Xury umfana ukubaleka. Ngalokhu, ayilungiselele kusengaphambili, ngakho isikebhe sase amabhisikidi namanzi okuphuza, amathuluzi kanye izikhali. Emgwaqweni ababaleki uthole izilwane zabo, abomdabu obunokuthula ngibanike amanzi nokudla. Kamuva, ucosha umkhumbi wabo evela ePortugal. UCaptain Robinson uthembisa iconsi khulula off eBrazil. Uthenga isikebhe sabo futhi umfana Xury, ezithembisa uyibuyisele khulula eminyakeni embalwa. Nale Robinson uyavuma. Isifingqo "eRobinson Crusoe" ukuze aqhube idayari yomfundi usitshela ukuphila hero eBrazil.

Ukuphila Brazil

EBrazil, Robinson wathola ubuzwe bazo, abasebenza emasimini abo ugwayi kanye umoba. Omakhelwane emasimini ukumsiza. Emasimini ezidingekayo izandla ukusebenza, nezigqila bayabiza. Ngemva kokulalela izindaba Robinson kuyiwe Guinea, abatshali wanquma ukuletha eBrazil izinceku ngasese ngomkhumbi, utihlukanise bodwa. Robinson wasikisela ukuba umabhalane omkhumbi, obhekene ukuthengwa bangamaNigro eGuinea. "The Adventures of eRobinson Crusoe", sifinyeto lo msebenzi kuvula okwengeziwe ukungakhathali protagonist.

Uyavuma futhi oseyili eBrazil 1 Septhemba 1659, iminyaka 8 ngemva kokuhamba ekhaya sabazali. On lweviki kanzima umkhumbi isiphepho yesibili waqala anyakazisa. Ugijimela esihlabathini, laselikhala isikebhe ezandleni ukudalelwa. Umphini elikhulu uphendulela isikebhe bese igcinwa ngokuyisimangaliso Robinson okwenza kube ukuze ome umhlaba. Isifingqo "eRobinson Crusoe" I-idayari izinkulumo yomfundi okwengeziwe mayelana indlu entsha Robinson.

insindiso Ngokuyisimangaliso - isiqhingi lingenamuntu

Wasindisa eyodwa futhi lusizi abangane awile. Robinson kuqala ebusuku ingalali emthini, esabe zasendle. Ngosuku lwesibili, hero wathatha umkhumbi (okuyinto kulethwa eduze ogwini) izinto eziningi eziwusizo - izibhamu, izinzipho, screwdriver, sewayini, imicamelo. On ogwini yena bahloma amatende, bamisa uphatha ukudla kwakhe, neziqhumane futhi kwenza embhedeni wakhe. Sekukonke, elapha umkhumbi izikhathi 12, futhi njalo lapho ucinga into eyigugu - ngenela, amabhisikidi, utshwala, ufulawa. Ngigcine wabona inqwaba igolide futhi ngangicabanga ukuthi esimweni sakhe, angithi zibalulekile, kodwa namanje wahamba nabo. Le noveli "Ukuphila Adventures eRobinson Crusoe", sifinyeto ingxenye yayo esizayo isitshela ngesikhathi esizayo wokuphila esiqhingini.

Ngalobo busuku, isiphepho akazange ukuwushiya umkhumbi. manje Robinson limele ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ephephile elibheke olwandle, lapho kungenzeka ulinde wokutakula.

Kulona kanye igquma lapho uthola edlelweni flat futhi akuve kudabukisa etendeni ukuze amvikele iziqu kocingo ayisa phansi. Faka ku le ndlu ingaba isitebhisi. Esikhathini idwala yasihlephula womhume belisebenzisa njengophawu emiphongolweni. Zonke zamhambisa isikhathi eside. Kepha yasheshe isipiliyoni. Daniel Defo "eRobinson Crusoe", sifinyeto noveli izinkulumo ezengeziwe mayelana lithathelwe Robinson ukuthi impilo entsha.

Ukujwayela impilo entsha

Manje phambi kwakhe kube nenkinga - ukusinda. Kodwa Robinson wayeyedwa, wamelana emhlabeni, engazi isimo sakhe - kolwandle, emvuleni, endle esiqhingini eyihlane. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuyodingeka ufunde okuningi ubuchwepheshe bese uxhumana imvelo. Uyayibona konke futhi wafundelwa. Wafunda domesticate izimbuzi, okwenza ushizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho Imfuyo Robinson wahlanganyela ukulima, lapho lihluma okusanhlamvu ibhali nelayisi, yena akhishwe kusukela sikhwama. Hero watshala insimu enkulu. Robinson Landelayo wadala ikhalenda ngesimo insika ezinkulu lapho nsuku zonke wabeka notch.

Usuku lokuqala kokuthunyelwe - Septhemba 30, 1659. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, usuku ngalunye ukuthi kunakwe, futhi umfundi ifunda eziningi. Ngenkathi akhe ngabikho eNgilandi Robinson lavuselelwa ohlanga, futhi Robinson ayebuyele eziphambekweni "Revolution Mnandi" e 1688, okwaholela sobukhosi Vilgelma Oranskogo.

Diary of eRobinson Crusoe, sifinyeto: phambili indaba

Phakathi kwezinto akusizi kakhulu nalowa mlisa wacosha umkhumbi, were inki, iphepha, iBhayibheli ezintathu izibonakude. Lapho ukuphila kwakhe wavuka (ababenaye amakati amathathu inja emkhunjini, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona futhi upholi), waqala blog ukudambisa umphefumulo. Esikhathini idayari Robinson uchaza zonke izindaba zabo, okubonwayo ingila sezulu.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuphoqa Robinson ukucabanga izindlu ezintsha, njengoba phansi kwentaba ukuba yingozi. Ukuze esiqhingini useyili izinsalela umkhumbi olwalandela ukuphahlazeka, futhi Robinson ingabe amathuluzi impahla ngalesi sakhiwo. Ngezinyawo zakhe zokulahla imfiva, futhi ufunda iBhayibheli, futhi waphatha, ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuyasiza alulame rum, wafaka ugwayi.

Lapho Robinson walulama, yena uhlole siqhingi, izwe ahlala kulo izinyanga ezingaba yishumi yena. Phakathi izitshalo engaziwa Robinson ithola ikhabe futhi amagilebhisi, futhi kusukela yokugcina ke okwenza omisiwe. Lesi siqhingi sibuye sibe eziningi izidalwa eziphilayo izimpungushe, onogwaja, izimfudu kanye penguins. Robinson uyazicabangela yena yinkakha la ubuhle, ngenxa yabantu lapha akekho omunye uhlala. Ufaka itende, kuqinisa futhi abahlala khona, njengoba kuleli zwe.

Robinson isebenza eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu ngaphandle eqondisa emuva kwakhe. Konke lokhu ebhala encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku. Ngakho wabhala omunye izinsuku zakhe. Kafushane, ngosuku lalinabashumayeli yokuthi Robinson ukufunda iBhayibheli, esizingelwayo, bese ihlelwa, omisiwe futhi ukulungele ukubamba ezinye izisulu.

Robinson wanakekela izitshalo, kwesivuno, ukunakekela imfuyo, esenzelwe amathuluzi engadini. Zonke misebenzi bangiphuca isikhathi esiningi nomzamo omkhulu. Ngokubekezela, wamxosha kuya ukuphela kwezinto zonke sekusondele. Ngisho isinkwa ngaphandle eziko, usawoti kanye nemvubelo.

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo isikebhe uhambe uye olwandle

Robinson abayekanga ukuphupha isikebhe kanye Ukuhamba oya ezwekazini. Ayencamela ukuze aphume ekuthunjweni. Robinson kuletha phansi kwesihlahla esikhulu carves out isikebhe sakhe esincane. Kodwa emanzini ayizange uphathe ukudonsa ke (njengoba lalikude ehlathini). Ngokubekezela ukubekezelela ukwehluleka.

Robinson uchitha ezokungcebeleka ikhabethe buyekeza: othungela noboya imvunulo (jacket ibhulukwe), isigqoko futhi isambulela ukwenziwa. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, Robinson yakha isikebhe bese idonsa wakhe emanzini. Uma olwandle, lapho savakashela azungeze lesi siqhingi. Phakathi amabhere isikebhe olwandle, futhi Robinson bekubudisi babuyele kulesi siqhingi. Uchaza Defoe Adventures eRobinson Crusoe. Amazwibela noveli wembula isizungu of the hero kanye ithemba lakhe lokusindiswa.

Izinyathelo esikhathini enonya isihlabathi

Ngenxa yokwesaba isikhathi eside engenzi uphume Robinson e more.On inkositini zobumba, ihlanganisa obhasikidi nokwenza ifoni. Esiqhingini eziningi ugwayi. Ngolunye lwalezo izizinda umuntu eyibona ku lokungcolisa isihlabathi. He is wethukile kakhulu, ubuyela ekhaya futhi izinsuku ezintathu akusho ukuphuma, ecabanga othile nokuncane. The hero wesaba ukuthi lokhu kungaba babeyizidlova esuka ezwekazini. Robinson ucabanga ukuthi kungayilimaza isitshalo, ukuhlakazeka kwezifuyo, iningi akudle. Lapho siphuma "inqaba", kwenza ebiyelwe entsha lezimbuzi. Le ndoda futhi uthola iminonjana abantu izinsalela umkhosi amazimuzimu. Lezi zihambeli zazingoFakazi emuva esiqhingini. kweminyaka emibili Robinson uhlala kwenye ingxenye yesiqhingi emzini wakhe. Kodwa-ke, impilo ubuya isiteshi ethule. Ngalolu futhi uzokutshela esikhathini ingxenye elandelayo yalo esihlokweni summary ( "eRobinson Crusoe"). UDaniel Defoe echazwe imisebenzi iqhawe imininingwane encane.

Insindiso ngoLwesihlanu - enonya kusuka ngaphakathi fusha zwe

Ngobunye ubusuku indoda wezwa shot kusuka isibhamu - amasignali umkhumbi. Zonke ebusuku Robinson omlilo, futhi ekuseni wabona doti umkhumbi. Ukudana isizungu, athandaze noma ubani iqembu waphunyuka, kodwa ogwini umzimba kwenza kuphela umfana gumbi. On the umkhumbi, nabantu abahlala. Robinson namanje ufuna ukuya ezweni nemisinga eya ukusiza ufuna ukuthatha ezinye nesihluku. iminyaka nesigamu, lapho kufika nge izinhlelo, kodwa Robinson uvalo amazimuzimu. Uma uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana enonya, ayivusa konga. Uba umngane wakhe.

Robinson ukuphila kuba kujabulise kakhudlwana. Ufundisa ngoLwesihlanu (ngakho okuthiwa enonya bophulwe) kuyinto umhluzi ukugqoka. ULwesihlanu kwaba umngane omuhle bese abaqotho. Lokhu kushiwo inoveli "The Adventures of eRobinson Crusoe", funda isifinyezo sezinto okungaba ku umoya ofanayo.

Insindiso ekuthunjweni ukubuya eNgilandi

Ngokushesha ngomkhumbi esiqhingini izivakashi. izihlubuki Team iletha IsiZulu umkhumbi induna, umngane womshado, futhi abagibeli ubudlova. Robinson aqede induna nabangani bakhe, futhi umoya wenkosi ukuvukela. Isifiso kuphela ukuthi izwi uCaptain Robinson - kuthumela yona ngoLwesihlanu e-England. Robinson wahlala esiqhingini isikhathi esingaba iminyaka engu-28 futhi baphindela eNgilandi ngo-June 11 e 1686. Abazali bakhe zafa, kodwa usaphila, kwaba umfelokazi induna yakhe yokuqala. Ezwa ukuthi ipulazi lakhe walithatha olusemthethweni Treasury, kodwa ibuyisela zonke izimali. Indoda isiza bomzala bakhe ababili, nokubalungiselela amatilosi. Ngo '61 Robinson ashade futhi unezingane ezintathu. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka le indaba emangazayo.