"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso": ukubuyekezwa. "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" by Fodora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo: isifinyezo ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa

Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky - omunye Abadali ezibaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje izincwadi Russian, kodwa futhi emhlabeni, evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke abantu. Amanoveli yomlobi elikhulu kuze kube yilolu suku zihunyushelwa futhi lanyatheliswa ngezilimi ezingaphezu nokuningi. umsebenzi Dostoevsky sika benamandla ububele nothando olungenamkhawulo abantu abavamile. ithalente abahlukile ukubonisa izimfanelo ejulile komphefumulo womuntu, okuyinto zonke efihla ngakho ngokucophelela ezivela emhlabeni wonke - yilokho sidonsa abantu ukuba balalele imisebenzi umbhali omkhulu.

Fyodor Dostoevsky: "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - ngonyaka yokubhala futhi umfundi Izibuyekezo

Mhlawumbe impikiswano kakhulu inoveli Dostoevsky sika - kungcono "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Nakuba yabhalwa ngo-1866, kube ayithinta ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on nezithameli ehloniphekayo abafundi. Njengokuvamile, imicabango yabantu ahlukana. Abanye, ebusweni Wayiphenya amakhasi ambalwa okuqala, adabuka: "nesihloko washaywa!" Labo ababamba ukufunda lutho, nje ukugcizelela isimo sabo futhi ngiziqhayise kakhulu yokuthi lokufunda futhi engaqondi ukuthi imicabango lombhali, ngobuqotho sorry for umbulali ngokwethembeka. Kanti abanye waphonsa inoveli, wathi: "Yeka usizi - le ncwadi"

Lawa kwakungamadodana izimpendulo ezivame kakhulu. "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", umkhiqizo sibaluleke kangaka emhlabeni tetemibhalo, ayizange Kungakapholi maseko ngazithola atjheja. Nokho, ngokuyinhloko kushintshile indlela yonke nokuphila emphakathini yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Manje ku reception wokuziphilisa futhi imfashini kusihlwa owayesebenza ngesihloko yengxoxo. Ukuze agcwalise uvale umlomo kungaba ingxoxo ka Raskolnikov. Labo ababesuke amashwa hhayi ngqo ukufunda umkhiqizo ngokushesha ukuze uhambisane.

A umbono oyiphutha kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso"

Ngiyaqonda ukuthi kwakufanele adlulisele ukuba umfundi inoveli Dostoevsky, kuyilapho ambalwa ayengakwenza. Iningi baye babone kuphela kuwukusika elijikayo: Student abulawe, umfundi liyahlanya. Inguqulo ye-ukuhlanya kusekelwa abagxeki abaningi. Kulesi simo, ziye kuphela kubonakala umbono kungazwakali we ukuphila nokufa protagonist. Nokho, lokho akulona iqiniso: udinga ukubheka ngokujulile umphefumulo, ukuze bakwazi ukubamba Amacebo ezicashile ngesikhathi eziyimbangela kweqiniso.

Izinkinga wakhuliswa F. M. Dostoevskim

Inkinga enkulu eyaphakanyiswa ngumlobi, kunzima ukuhlukanisa kusukela ukuphumula - enezici kakhulu eshicilelwe "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Le ncwadi iqukethe izinkinga zokuziphatha, noma kunalokho, ukuntuleka kwako; ngezinkinga zomphakathi ukunikeza ifike ukungalingani phakathi ezifanayo ekuqaleni shazi abantu. Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa ngu isihloko eziza kuqala esingekho: umbhali libonisa ukuthi kwenzekani Emphakathini ogcwele imali.

Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, lo protagonist Dostoevsky sika inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" ayimeleli isizukulwane young ngaleso sikhathi. Abagxeki abaningi baye bathatha uhlamvu nobunzima, kokunquma ukuthi Raskolnikov kumbhali uzwakalise kwenyanya ethandwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, umfula - nihilism. Nokho, lo mbono kuyinto sibi: umfundi abampofu e Dostoevsky yabonisa kuphela yisisulu sezimo, umuntu oye weqa iziqondiso ngaphansi kwengcindezi wemikhuba nomphakathi.

Isifinyezo noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso"

Izenzakalo ezichazwe kwenzeke 60. Ngekhulu le-19, endaweni Petersburg benyukumele. Rodion Raskolnikov, ompofu ethile, owayengumfundi, baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale elisophahleni elingaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuhlala. Ukhathele ubumpofu, ithunyelwa isalukazi imali-umbolekisi, ukubeka ukubaluleka kokugcina. Ukujwayeleka ne isidakwa Marmeladov, futhi incwadi likanina, echaza nabo indodakazi ukuphila kwakhe kanzima, isikhuthaze Rodion umqondo esabekayo - ukubulala isalukazi sika. Yena okholwa ukuthi imali angakwazi ukuthatha kusuka umbolekisi uzokwazi ukwenza ukuphila kube lula ngaye, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke okungenani umndeni wakhe.

Umqondo ubudlova kuphambene umfundi, kodwa wanquma ubugebengu. Ukuze uqonde sakhe imfundiso yokuziphendukela Raskolnikov usizo icaphuna "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso," Dostoevsky "Encwadini yokuphila olulodwa -. Izinkulungwane zezimpilo ilondolozwe kusuka ukubola kanye noqhekeko Omunye ukufa futhi eziyikhulu izimpilo esenana - kungani-ke izibalo" "Akukhona ukuthi omkhulu, - umfundi - kodwa futhi kancane kukhwelana ezibhekene nabantu ngokwemvelo babe yizigebengu -. Ucishe, yebo" Imicabango enjalo Rodion bakhuthazwa ukuba avivinye ngokwabo, ukuqaphela amacebo ethu. Ubulala isalukazi ngembazo, elisusa okuthile okuyigugu futhi uyanyamalala endaweni yesehlakalo.

Ngesisekelo uthuthumele eqinile Raskolnikov Onqobayo isifo. Zonke ezinye indaba yena nokungabathembi futhi zihlukanisiwe abantu kuka osolisayo. Rodion ujwayele Sonya Marmeladov, - nesifebe is baphoqwa ukuba basebenzele imindeni ubumpofu - kuholela ukuqashelwa. Kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho abakulindele, mbulali, ikholwa ezijulile Sonia lngane futhi isenza siqiniseke ukuthi ukuhlupheka kuzophela, lapho enikela futhi bazojeziswa.

Ngenxa yalokho, Raskolnikov, nakuba ababezibona belungile, avume icala. Ukulandela eboshwa uqondisa uSonia. Iminyaka yokuqala Rodion abandayo kuye - wabuye ishiywe dengwane, taciturn, okusolisayo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphenduka okuqotho iza kuye, futhi umphefumulo iqala ukuvela umuzwa omusha - uthando intombi azinikele.

Izinhlamvu main kule noveli

Yiba nombono ocacile mayelana uhlamvu oluthile akunakwenzeka - wonke umuntu lapha ungokoqobo, ingokoqobo indlela umfundi. Ngisho ku obuncane umbhalo Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi lena Fyodor Dostoevsky - ". Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" Izinhlamvu main of a unique ngokuphelele, izinhlamvu ukuthatha ukuhlaziywa eside futhi ukucabangela - futhi izibonakaliso okwangempela ngokwengqondo.

Rodion Raskolnikov

Raskolnikov yena namanje haunted by Izibuyekezo okuxubile. "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - kudalwa kakhulu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa, ngakuthathu, futhi ngokushesha baqonde ngisho isimiso ezifana ubunjalo umlingisi, kunzima. Ekuqaleni ingxenye yokuqala ichaza indlela Rodion: ubude, libe lincane uyinsizwa amnyama izinwele ensundu amehlo amnyama ekhululekile. Hero nakanjani amahle - the ngqo ngaphezulu ke uyaphikisana ubudlova nobumpofu ukuthi izwe ligcwele grey Petersburg.

Rodion uhlamvu kuyadida kakhulu. Njengoba izenzakalo ziqhubeka, izinto umfundi ifunda izici bayanda ukuphila iqhawe. Esikhathini eside kamuva, ukubulala wukuthi Raskolnikov njengoba akekho omunye okwazi ububele lapho ethola isidakwa ajwayelekile Marmeladov, Umqeqeshi ochotshoziwe, wanikela lonke imali umndeni wakhe ngezindleko zomngcwabo. Lokhu kungafani phakathi nokuziphatha nekubulala e ukungabaza umfundi: ke Kunzima ukuthi indoda njengoba kuqala kubonakala?

Ukuhlola Rodion izenzo kusukela iphuzu Christian umbono, umlobi uthi: Raskolnikov unecala. Nokho, icala lakhe main - hhayi ukuzibulala, hhayi ukuthi yephule umthetho. Into embi kakhulu, Rodion - yini umbono wakhe: division of abantu ku labo "Unelungelo" labo acabanga 'isidalwa esenyanyekayo. " "Sonke siyalingana - uthi Dostoevsky - futhi zonke Unelungelo efanayo ekuphileni."

Sonechka Marmeladova

Ayikho amehlo kangako ufanelwe Sonia Marmeladov. Lapha-ke sichaza indlela Dostoevsky: emfushane, nomzimba omncane, kodwa ngempela kuhle blonde iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ngamehlo enhle eluhlaza. Uhluke ngokuphelele Raskolnikov: hhayi enhle kakhulu, ukucasha, ethule futhi zinesizotha, Sonia, njengoba ayekubiza kanjalo umlobi, futhi bephule umthetho. Kodwa ngisho lapha kwakungekho ukufana ne Rodion: bekungelona isono.

Lokhu indida kalula wachaza: Sonia akuyona ihlukaniswe abantu ku kokuhle nokubi; wayemthanda ngempela wonke umuntu. umsebenzi Panel kwenza ukuba umndeni wakhe ukuba usinde ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu lobubha, futhi le ntombazane yena, akhohlwe inhlalakahle yabo, wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe enkonzweni yakhe nomndeni wakhe. Mhlatshelo wawuhlawulela yokuthi we ubugebengu - uSonia ngihlalé ngimsulwa.

Izibuyekezo ezibucayi: "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso"

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukuhlola ingane Dostoevsky kweqiniso akugcinanga lapho. Abantu abangahlakaniphile neze ubuciko izwi, kwetinhlavu umbono wathembela okwengeziwe ukusabela baxgeki enethonya; labo, esikhundleni salokho, bubonakala umsebenzi into ngayinye ezahlukene. Ngeshwa, abaningi, ngizitshela ngomqondo romance, wenza iphutha - futhi amaphutha abo kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise umbono zamanga.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, A. Suvorin - ngempela nomuntu enethonya ngubani ne ukuhlaziya "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" Yaduma kumagazini olunyathelisiwe "iGazethi Russian", wathi: ngokuyisisekelo umkhiqizo iphathwa "mkhuba ubuhlungu wonke umsebenzi tetemibhalo" Fedora Dostoevskogo. Rodion, ngokuvumelana baxgeki, ngokuvamile akusho ihlanganise ezinye isiqondiso noma indlela yokucabanga, kufakwe eziningi, kodwa kuphela umuntu ogulayo kakhulu. Waze okuthiwa Raskolnikov sezinzwa, uhlobo kooky.

categorical okunjalo bathola abasekeli bayo: P. Strakhov, umuntu eduze Dostoevsky, wathi: amandla eyinhloko umlobi akuyona isigaba oluthile lwabantu, futhi "esikhundleni isithombe, ikhono ukuqonda ngokujulile ukunyakaza ngamunye kanye nezinxushunxushu komphefumulo womuntu." Thanda Suvorin, P. Strakhov awazange asinakekele isiphetho esibuhlungu izinhlamvu, futhi umsebenzi kubhekwe njengendlela ngokujulile impendukezelo zokuziphatha.

Dostoevsky - a umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela?

kubonakala kakhulu ngokunembile Dostoyevsky umbhali-umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela ayengakwenza DI Pisarev, ubhala ngalokhu umbono obalulekile. "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" wayazi kahle okuzoxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni "Umzabalazo ukuphila": e umhlaziyi wakhe baba umbuzo ukuthuthukiswa zokuziphatha umphakathi ukuthi uzungezwe esigebengwini. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu mayelana inoveli iye owasungulwa lo mbhali: ukuthi ingxenye inkululeko, elalisendlini ifa Raskolnikov, kwaba ngempela azinakwa. Izimbangela ubugebengu Pisarev kweqiniso ubona ubumpofu, ukuphikisana zokuphila Russian, ukuwa kokuziphatha Raskolnikov abantu ezizungezile.

Inani uthando lweqiniso

"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" - incwadi real ukuphila Russian. Isici nobuntu ubuciko Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo yikhono layo ngokungenamkhawulo uthando kuphela abantu hhayi "kahle enhle", kodwa futhi kwabawayo, yephukile, esinesono. Lokho izisusa lwesintu kubonakala ku le noveli yodumo "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Okuqukethwe izahluko, izigaba, imigqa, kuhlanganisa zosizi kumbhali elachitheka phezu isiphetho abantu isiRashiya, isiphetho Russia uqobo. Yena ngokuphuthumayo obiza umfundi nobubele, ngoba ngaphandle kwakhe lokhu ezingcolile, izwe angaba nonya kangako, ekuphileni - kanye nokufa - akukho, kwakungelula, futhi ngeke ube naso.