Ubisi: izinhlobo ubisi nemikhiqizo yalo, nokukhiqizwa isitoreji

Kuyini ubisi? Milks futhi izakhiwo zalo nenzuzo izokwethulwa mathiriyeli lo sihloko. Siphinde ngikuxoxele ukuthi izilwane ukunikeza lo mkhiqizo futhi kanjani ukugcina kahle.

Uhlolojikelele

Ubisi ngokuthi uketshezi izakhi ukuthi kuveza nezindlala mammary ezincelisayo. Inhloso yayo engokwemvelo Udla izingane abangakabi ukwazi ukugaya nezinye izinhlobo zokudla.

Ubisi nemikhiqizo yalo bayingxenye kwezinhlobo eziningi ghjlernjd, esetshenziswa indoda. ukukhiqizwa yabo uye waba ibhizinisi elikhulu.

Ubisi nemikhiqizo yalo

Ubisi livela uketshezi we nezindlala mammary ezincelisayo. Kuyinto uketshezi omhlophe (ngezinye izikhathi ungaba tint aphuzi) nge bumnandi.

Ngokuvamile, kuleli zwe kudle ubisi cow sika, kucutshungulwe dairies. Nokho, ezinye izizwe, lo mkhiqizo ngokuvamile etholwe zisengwa nezinye izilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, imvu, mare, amakamela, izimbuzi kanye nabanye. Ngakho, mares ubisi ilungele ukulungiswa koumiss, abenziwe ushizi semvu, futhi ikamela - shubat.

isakhiwo

Yini zinhlobo zikasawoti zihlanganisa ubisi? Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ubisi. Ngoba ushintsha Ukwakheka kwabo. Futhi incike zezintaka isilwane sigaba lactation, inkathi nokunye.

Ngokusho ochwepheshe, lo mkhiqizo siqukethe amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi, aqukethe zonke ezibalulekile amino acid.

Indlala mammary sesilwane siqukethe sebuningini amaseli lwangena lymph, kwakheka imithambo yegazi futhi izinzwa. Bakhulule zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze zamagama ubisi.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwalo mkhiqizo zihlanganisa amafutha kanye carbohydrate ngesimo ushukela elula-lactose. Wokuqhekeka yokugcina esiswini pretty kancane. Ngenxa ukuvutshelwa esivaliwe komkhiqizo.

Ubisi amafutha kunqunywa inani amafutha ezikuyo. Ziyakwazi esimweni emulsion futhi ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi triglyceride, aqukethe amavithamini fat-encibilikayo futhi lecithin.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi okuqukethwe ubisi fat inquma nokuqukethwe kwalo ikhalori. Nakuba ochwepheshe bathi ngisho umkhiqizo amafutha ayiqukethe engaphezu kwengu-60 kcal 100 ml.

Kuyini ubisi? milks

Ngokuvamile, ukudla kudliwe ubisi pasteurized. It ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana:

• Ngijabule Ngokugcwele. Lokhu ubisi zifane, equkethe ethile amafutha (isb, 2.5% noma 3.2%).
• Kabusha. ubisi okunjalo kancane noma ngokuphelele owenziwe ngobisi okusemathinini, okuyinto sebehlanjululwe pasteurized, homogenized, selehlile, wathela amanye. Lo mkhiqizo ngokuvamile okulungiselelwe Ukuqedwa ngamanzi afudumele, ubisi lonke ubhuqu sifakwe emanzini yayo amahora amane. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi kungaba zigcwala amaprotheni zinyamalale ukunambitheka zamanzi, kanye akha kwabantu okuvamile futhi viscosity.
• Zaphela. Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi umbala ubisi bhotela has a umthunzi ezimnandi alube. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwayo amafutha akuyona esingaphansi 6%. It is pasteurized kanye homogenized at lokushisa mayelana 95 owawuse amahora amane. By endleleni, le ndlela yokwelapha komkhiqizo kwenza umbala elicibilikile ubisi ukhilimu futhi ulunika ukunambitheka ekhethekile futhi iphunga.
• Ubisi amafutha anda. Lo mkhiqizo kwesejwayelekile okuyinto yabekwa homogenisation. Ngokuvamile, it has a okuqukethwe amanoni 6%.
• Amaphrotheni. Akukona nje ubisi. Ngo inqubo ukuzinza kuwo wengeze ubisi olujiyile noma ubisi powder. Lo mkhiqizo kuyahluka wokuqukethwe lelisetulu izingxenye fat-free.
• Eqiniswe. Lena ubisi simnandi kakhulu futhi unempilo. Yenziwe ephansi fat noma wonke umkhiqizo futhi ahlanganiswe amavithamini C, A no D.
• Lean. Ephansi fat ubisi izinga njalo abampofu. umkhiqizo okunjalo ibhalwe kusuka isiphuzo pasteurized yokuhlala ngokuhlukana yayo. Ngokuvamile nokuqukethwe kwalo amafutha 0.05%.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini ubisi. Milks ziye abalwe ngenhla.

Ngokwezazi ezithile dieticians, isihloko umkhiqizo inzalo, kungaletha umonakalo eningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yilo ukwelashwa calcium ubisi amaprotheni kukhona denatured futhi kamuva kubangele ukugula.

Icubungula izimboni

ubisi Ingozi ukuthi kubathinta kungase kuthinte isimo ohlelweni womuntu wokugaya ukudla. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma i-product ilimele.

Ukuze kwandiswe ukuphila eshalofini yalesi siphuzo kubhekwe, ubisi fresh yokuqala selehlile futhi elicwengekileyo, bese ithunyelwa izimboni. Kukhona-ke is phansi yokuhlanza, pasteurized, kwesejwayelekile, homogenized, futhi selehlile emabhodleleni.

Ngalokhu impatho isiphuzo azigcina zonke izimfanelo ezizuzisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvimbe ukukhula nokuthuthuka nezilwanyana ezincane sabanjwa ke.

Camel ubisi, inkomo, imbuzi, ihhashi lensikazi lase futhi t. D. Hhayi ukukhiqiza, futhi akhishwa yizilwane zizosengwa. Nokho olunye ngaphansi ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile. Lokhu isiphuzo sasicwengwa e molokoochistitelyah centrifugal futhi elicwengekileyo ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho kwalo mkhiqizo kususa konke ukungcola.

Ukugcina ubisi amaseli webhaktheriya usebenzise Centrifuge ekhethekile. Njengoba yaziwa, inqubo uhlanzekile enjalo ubizwa baktefunirovaniem.

ukwelashwa

Vele uthole ubisi ezitolo bengayi. Endaweni zezimboni ke ngempela ngaphansi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha.

Kokulinganisa ubisi okukhulunywe ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa kuqukethwe amaconsi amafutha. Yenze ukuletha inkomba wathi evamile.

Fat pushdown umkhiqizo kumele singeqi 3.2%. Ngenxa yale njongo, icutshungulwe esebenzisa isihlukanisi-normalizer noma ixutshwe ubisi lonke.

Pasteurisation wenziwa khona ngaphansi ukucabangela yalesi siphuzo ukwandisa eshalofini yokuphila yalo. Ngenxa yalesi ubisi zifane nokucwaningwa ukufudumeza ukwelashwa ezingeni lokushisa hhayi angaphezu kwangu-85 degrees nge ukuguga ngemizuzwana 15-20.

Pasteurization sifushane, osheshayo nehlala njalo. Ngoba bonke laba izinhlobo zisebenzisa ezahlukene hardware ukucubungula.

Ngokusho ochwepheshe, pasteurization osheshayo wenziwa ngaphandle isikhathi imizuzwana embalwa. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa Ukushisa kufinyelela 85-90 degrees.

Ngo pasteurisation iDemo isiphuzo uyabaselwa kuya degree angu-75 futhi aphethwe amasekhondi mayelana 17.

pasteurisation Okuqhubekayo Kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa 65 degrees imisiwe yehora.

Ngokuvamile, izimboni ubisi, intengo zazo laloku lokubhalwe lapha ngentasi, is phansi pasteurization yesikhashana.

homogenization

Olunye uhlobo ukucubungula ubisi homogenization. Le ndlela kudingeka ekukhiqizeni eminye imikhiqizo ubisi inhlama isibilile.

Kuyini homogenization? Lokhu amafutha mechanical kwasani amaconsi ku izinhlayiya ezincane. isiphuzo ukucutshungulwa enjalo wenziwa ukuthola i emulsion okungadingi ukwehlukanisa phakathi USB.

Ukulandela homogenization, umkhiqizo ubizwa ngokushesha selehlile 4-6 degrees nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi kokuwa.

imikhiqizo yobisi ikhiqizwa ubisi pasteurized kuphela. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili - kwesigubhu kanye thermostat.

Lapho indlela ithangi ethangini ligcwala umkhiqizo osuphelile, okuyinto eye yaba kwangaphambilini egcinwe nokuvuthwa kanye yokuvuthwa e tarakh ekhethekile.

Ngo indlela thermostatic homogenized isiphuzo kwabiwa ngezinkulumo umkhumbi acidify ukuba amath-, futhi ke selehlile lokushisa 8 degrees.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, inzalo ubisi usebenzisa indlela ukusebenza. Kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa amaza okushisa futhi ultraviolet.

Izici obisini izilwane ezahlukene

Abantu abaningi babecabanga ukuthi ukuthi ubisi yasekhaya - ubisi inkomo sika. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo eziyimijondolo, kuhlanganise ezweni lethu, sebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo umkhiqizo. It is etholwe zisengwa zezilwane ezahlukene. Cabangela izici kwalezi ziphuzo manje.

izimvu

Lokhu ubisi fat, ecebile amaprotheni. It has high density kanye asidi. Ngenxa ukungabikho carotene waba tint lemicu empunga elinamathela othini.

Ngo izimvu isiphuzo equkethwe 6% amaprotheni. Kulokhu u-80% - kuyinto casein futhi 20% - amaprotheni serum.

umkhiqizo okunjalo ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ukulungiselela lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ushizi: pekarino, ushizi, Kashkaval, Roquefort ushizi nezinye kobiysky. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi e-Asia Ephakathi, lenziwe ku ibhotela.

imbuzi

Lo mkhiqizo amumethe-albumin, i-phosphorus, i-calcium ne vitamin C odingekayo ngosuku Ngenxa yenani elincane colorants ke uba nombala ukukhanya. Ngemva ekuphuzeni coagulates ubisi amafomu a ishq encane. Ngenxa yalesi it is kalula amuncwa wumzimba.

Imbuzi isiphuzo kudliwe yonke noma kusetshenzwe. Ngoba kwenza ushizi nemikhiqizo yobisi. Basuke izimpawu izakhiwo ekwelapheni kanye ukukhalima, ziwusizo ikakhulukazi izifo gastro-emathunjini.

Lokhu isiphuzo ngokuvamile kufakwe ukudla wezokudla futhi ingane.

mare

Ngokwezazi-mlando, kwaba ekuqaleni ihhashi kwakufuywa amakamela ukukhiqiza inyama nobisi. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, lesi silwane zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukusiza ekhaya.

Mares isiphuzo bumnandi, Ukuthoma kunobuciko futhi Tint bluish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo amagciwane abalingiswa ngoba. Lo mkhiqizo ngokuvamile kakhulu esetshenziswa womshini koumiss. Isetshenziselwa ekwelapheni isifo sofuba esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe futhi igazi.

ikamela

Lokhu isiphuzo kungukudla eyinhloko ehlane futhi ephuma kabili desert labantu Kazakhstan, I-Asia Central, Georgia ne-Armenia. It has ukunambitheka ethize ukuthungwa amnandi futhi obukhulu.

Camel ubisi ingagxila ngefomu fresh futhi ngesimo isibilile imikhiqizo yobisi efana ayran, cottage shizi, katyk, shubat, chal nabanye. Futhi, kwenziwa ku ushizi nebhotela. Zonke mikhiqizo zinezikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhiwo zokwelapha.

inyathi

Buffalo zikhiqizelwa emazweni amaningi. izilwane ezinjalo sasivumela amelana sezulu esishisayo. ubisi yabo kunobuciko emnandi kanti iphunga. Kuyinto obukhulu kakhulu futhi iqukethe eziningi amaminerali, amaprotheni namafutha.

umkhiqizo okunjalo edliwe fresh. Futhi-ke kwenziwa noshizi.

imbongolo

Ngokusho impahla yayo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali ukwakheka ubisi liseduze kakhulu ihhashi lensikazi. Ukwakheka kwalo mkhiqizo kuhlanganisa immunoglobulin, ayisiza eziningi. Yingakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinganeni, kuhlanganise nezinsana zabo.

Kusukela ubisi imbongolo ngokuvamile ukwenza mare.

izinyamazane

Lokhu isiphuzo has a ukungaguquguquki sasivumela obukhulu, okuyinto ufana cream. Njengomthetho, ke buhlanjululwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

yemifino

Okubukwe juice isiphuzo kuyinto tropical isihlahla galaktodendron. Abantu bathi isitshalo okuthiwa inkomo noma ubisi. Juice Its ziyafana like umkhiqizo isilwane, hhayi kuphela ukubukeka kodwa futhi ukunambitheka kanye izakhiwo yokudla okunempilo.

imikhiqizo yobisi

ubisi Inkomo (GOST), nembuzi, mare, ikamela nokunye angasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ngesimo okuqinile, kodwa futhi ngesimo imikhiqizo yobisi. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezivamile yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Cream.

Lokhu ingxenye enonile ubisi kuveza ngokuhlukana. It has a okuqukethwe ezinkulu amafutha, ekwenziweni has eliphezulu a umsoco.

Cream udle emva pasteurization. It wenziwa khona ngaphansi lokushisa eliphezulu. Lokhu kubanika ukunambitheka ekhethekile futhi ukunambitheka, kanye isiqinisekiso of msulwa kusuka ezihlukahlukene zama-bacterium.

ukhilimu pasteurized uba nombala ukhilimu, ukunambitheka amnandi futhi ukungaguquguquki bushelelezi.

• ubisi Canned.

Ngakho ukuthi ubisi wagcinwa eside, ke okusemathinini. Kuye ukukhiqizwa nokudla okusemathinini ezinjalo zihlukaniswe ezomile futhi uqweqwe.

imikhiqizo Dry eyatholakala ngokususa amanzi kusukela ubisi. Ngenxa le ndlela yokwelapha, basuke egcinwe okwesikhathi eside.

Ubisi, Ubisi olujiyile ushukela noma ngaphandle, abenziwe lonke fresh noma isiphuzo yesikimu. Amanzi ayahwamuka kuwo, bese elapha noma umane inzalo.

Inqubo eziyisisekelo ekulungiseleleni ukudla okusemathinini kuyinto pasteurization of base yabo, okusho ubisi. Ngemva kwalokho, ithunyelwa apharathasi cleaner lapho izinga lokushisa inakekelwa at akukho kuka 55-57 degrees. Okulandelayo ubisi olujiyile ukuthi selehlile futhi batheleka amabhange.

Ngokusebenzisa umkhiqizo kashukela okunjalo caloric okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye zizwakale kahle.

• Dry lonke ubisi.

umkhiqizo okunjalo laliqongelelwe iphele le pasteurized lonke ubisi. Angase abe ukunambitheka mnene futhi wayelukhuni ukukhanya ukhilimu umbala. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu powder ingaqukatha izinhlayiya wokushiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudayiswa zingatholakala skimmed ubisi. Yenziwe isiphuzo yesikimu.

• Cream powder.

I powder Yenziwe ukhilimu pasteurized ngu omiswe yabo. Basuke zahlanganiswa ngo esitsheni uphawu noma selivaliwe.

• Ibhotela.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa kalula umkhiqizo digestible. Iqukethe zonke izingxenye eziyisisekelo ubisi. uwoyela ilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwako emva kwesikhathi esithize. Yenziwe ukhilimu ngu enza ngendlela churn. Lokhu amafutha edliwe, futhi kanjalo nje, futhi isetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha ahlukahlukene.

Ibhotela kungaba anosawoti unsalted. Iqukethe 25% umswakama kanye 71% noma 72,5% amanoni 1.5% usawoti. Lo mkhiqizo libhekene wokuqukethwe lelisetulu nosawoti wamaminerali, Vitamin PP iqembu, B no-C

• Ice cream.

Okunjalo amnandi futhi esihlwabusayo dessert ukhilimu noma ibhalwe kusuka ubisi pasteurized ngokuxuba nge stabilizers, umoba kanye isithokela izithasiselo. Zonke izithako eqandisiwe ngokucophelela futhi ophehliwe.

• izinto zokusetshenziswa yesibili.

imikhiqizo enjalo etholakala phakathi ukukhiqiza ibhotela, ukuphuza imikhiqizo yobisi, ushizi kanye curd. Lezi zihlanganisa elinebhotela, whey futhi ubisi ngalo.

isitoreji

Ngokuvamile, ubisi kugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa 2-5 degrees cishe 2-3 izinsuku. Ekucubungululeni yayo zezimboni, le nkathi kungase kukhule izikhathi eziningana. Uma ubisi igcwele ezikhwameni ekhethekile noma amabhodlela, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokuvamile izinyanga eziningana. Nokho, izinzuzo umkhiqizo ezifana kungabazeka kakhulu.

Ukuze ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuphila eshalofini isiphuzo olucutshungulwayo, kuba kanzulu ushukela noma omisiwe.

Kunganjani baphuze ubisi?

ubisi Ingozi wukuthi uma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside umuntu uqala uzizwa ubuthaka kakhulu. Ngokusho kodokotela abathile, abalandeli kwalo mkhiqizo angabacwasi ngokushesha buthelela fat and esheshisa inqubo yokuguga.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa le mikhiqizo njalo kungabangela ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo, komzimba, ukuqunjelwa, ukubuyisa, futhi ukuvaleka imithambo yegazi. Yingakho izazi eziningi ukuncoma ukuwakhipha kusuka ubisi ekudleni kwakho, ibhotela ukhilimu. Ngokuqondene yogurt olunamafutha amancane noma ushizi, bekwazi, kodwa kuphela eziningi limited.

ukusetshenziswa nomkhiqizo kanye nentengo yayo

Yeka ukuthi kuyinto ubisi? intengo kwakho kuncike uhlobo indlela ukucubungula. Ngokuvamile, izindleko ilitha isiphuzo kuyahlukahluka ngaphakathi ruble 30-65.

On iwusizo ubisi Sekuyisikhathi eside phikisa. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi lo iwumkhiqizo elimazayo. Nokho, iningi labo linombono wokuthi lesi siphuzo iyasiza kujwayeleke cholesterol umzimba. It Ubuye imiphumela ezuzisayo on isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

Umphumela omuhle umkhiqizo emzimbeni womuntu ngenxa okuqukethwe semali amanzi, kanye khona methionine, okuyinto ehilelekile kumiswa e-hemoglobin.

Kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi ngesikhathi ucwaningo ososayensi batholé ukuthi ubisi wesilwane kusiza ukuze sikhuthaze nezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yobisi kukhona izindlela kangcono normalizing izitshalo emathunjini. engayitholi njalo kuvimba elibi futhi ubuyisela isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.

Ngokusho ochwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa ubisi kokudla kusiza ukuvikela umzimba. Kunciphisa nozwela amaseli ukuze insulin hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu nsuku zonke kudle ibhotela, ubisi, ushizi ne-yogurt, kukhona ingasaphathwa cholesterol aphezulu nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ubisi Ukudla kunciphisa nengozi yokukhuluphala futhi insulin syndrome, okuvame avuse ukuthuthukiswa sikashukela kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

Ngokusho ososayensi abathile, i-potassium, i-calcium ne-magnesium eziqukethwe imikhiqizo yobisi in inqwaba, ukunciphisa ingozi yomfutho ophakeme wegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalesi isiphuzo ongaqeda ukuthuthukiswa ukuhlaselwa isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sohlangothi.