Ubani owabhala: "Nkosi noMargarita"? Umlando kule noveli "The Master noMargarita"

Nakuba inoveli yalotshwa isikhathi eside futhi kuyinto Classic, futhi namanje bemthanda ngayo esizukulwaneni esisha. Ngenxa lwezifundo zesikole cishe wonke umuntu uyazi le noveli kanye omunye owabhala ke. "Umninimuzi UMargarita" - inoveli, adalwe umbhali enkulu Mihailom Afanasevichem Bulgakovym.

Qakala noveli

abantu Ongenandaba maqondana lo msebenzi cishe non-akukho. Empeleni, abafundi zihlukaniswe amakamu amabili: labo abathanda romance futhi abantu bayazithanda kubo, futhi labo nje akuzondayo futhi ayiboni ubuhlakani Bulgakov. Kodwa kukhona eyesithathu, komncane kunabo, isigaba. Ukuze-ke singasho sithi, izingane mhlawumbe, ezincane kuphela. They are labo awuzwanga mayelana inoveli kepha akazi ukuthi ngubani umbhali.

"Master noMargarita" - ingenye engaphezulu kakhulu kwevamile futhi engaqondakali temibhalo yephrozi. Abalobi abaningi nezazi etemibhalo uzamile ukuxazulula imfumbe ukuthandwa kwakhe nempumelelo ku umfundi. Kuze kube sekupheleni okwamanje asikho esiye saphumelela.

Ababaningi bangakhumbula futhi ushayele imisebenzi enjalo, okufanele ukuba kwakumangalisa elakhiwe impikiswano kangaka kubo. Mayelana inoveli Bulgakov, babethola bengayeki kuze kube yilolu suku. Bathi ukuxoxa waseBhayibhelini indaba ingxenye, the prototypes ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa, izimpande zefilosofi futhi ngenxa yobuhle noveli, mayelana nokuthi ubani zonke esifanayo umlingisi losemcoka, ngisho uhlobo lapho khona umsebenzi ebhaliwe.

Izigaba ezintathu ubhala inoveli, by B. V Sokolovu

Imibono mayelana nomlando etemibhalo sokulotshwa "Umninimuzi UMargarita", kodwa futhi ebabuza lo msebenzi kuhluke. Ngokwesibonelo, Sokolov, nombhali "Bulgakov Encyclopedia", uhlukanisa version zokuthumela izigaba ezintathu. Wathi umsebenzi umkhiqizo ezaqala ngo-1928. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kulapho umbhali kule noveli "The Master noMargarita" futhi wahlela, futhi ukubhala ezinye izahluko kuphela waqala ebusika 1929. Kakade kumagazini ofundwayo wokuqala ephelele eyalwa entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka ofanayo. Kodwa awazange watshela khona ngqo ngubani umlobi ubani owayiloba. "Master noMargarita" ngisho ke akazange avele njengoMesiya isihloko umsebenzi. Umbhalo wesandla enesihloko esithi "Furibunda" wanikwa umshicileli "Nedra" ngaphansi mbumbulu K. Tugay. A nesishiyagalombili Mashi 1930 lachithwa ngumlobi. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka Esigabeni sokuqala umsebenzi wokuhlela, eyakhululwa Boris Vadimovich Sokolov.

Isigaba sesibili saqala ekwindla 1936. Futhi akekho owayazi ngesikhathi ukuthi inoveli kuyothiwa njengoba senza manje ejwayele. A ukucabanga ezahlukene kanye Bulgakov ngokwakhe, omunye owabhala ke. "Master noMargarita" - umsebenzi ithola igama elihlukile okuvela kumbhali yayo: "Uvele" futhi "Kwakungenxa '," Advent "," Grand Chancellor "," Ngilapha! "," Omnyama bili "," A hat nge feather " "inselo inxusa" futhi ethi "owesinye isizwe Ukhamba", "Black isazi semfundiso yenkolo," ngisho "Sathane". Ayizange ithuthuke, isihlokwana eyodwa kuphela - ". Fantasy inoveli"

Futhi ekugcineni, esigabeni sesithathu - engxenyeni yesibili ka 1936 kuze kube sekupheleni 1938. inoveli wokuQala wayebizwa ngokuthi "iSikhulu Ngibambeni", kodwa ke namanje bathole igama ajwayelekile kithi. Futhi ehlobo ekuqaleni, ngo-1938, kwathiwa zibhaliwe ngokugcwele okokuqala.

Konke okwenzeka kule noveli eminye Sokolov akacabangi emahhovisi yokuhlela, futhi ubiza izilungiso kombhali.

Nine-editions, ngokuvumelana Losev

V. I. Losev engaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabili ngitadisha biography kanye umsebenzi UMikhail Bulgakov. Ahlukaniselane umlando ukulotshwa inoveli ku abayisishiyagalolunye, efana umbhali yena.

• Ubuyekezwa Okokuquala - "bili omnyama". Lokhu okusalungiswa kule noveli, incwadi yokuqala abhalwe 1928-1929. It has no Master noMargarita, futhi kukhona izahluko ezine kuphela.
• Esesibili - "inselo unjiniyela." Lena yincwadi yesibili zeminyaka efanayo anolaka. Lokhu kuliragelo, ingxenye uhlelo lokuqala umsebenzi wesibili. It has izahluko ezintathu kuphela, kodwa ke kuye kwaba khona umbono womunye izingxenye ezibalulekile kakhulu kule noveli - kunengxenye ngokuthi "IVangeli Woland."
• Eyesithathu - "Kusihlwa iSabatha embi kakhulu." Okusalungiswa, izikeshi inoveli, kulotshiwe eminyakeni 1929-1931. Kukhona futhi izahluko ezintathu. Futhi ngaphambi wekugcina zazo safinyelela kuphela icala griboedov.
• Okwesine - "Grand Chancellor". Uhlelo lokuqala eliphelele kulowo mbhalo wesandla. Kukhona kokuvela kakade Margarita lover wakhe. Yilokho nje egameni lakhe kuze kube Master futhi imbongi.
• Okwesihlanu - "Fantasy inoveli." Lesi sahluko kuphinde uqede iminyaka 1934-1936. Kukhona imininingwane emisha, kodwa akukho ukushintshwa abalulekile.
• Okwesithupha - "Golden Spear". Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza Ragged "Magic Money" wesandla sidle.
• Seventh - "Prince of Darkness." Izahluko zokuqala ezingu-nantathu kule noveli. Thanda indaba Umninimuzi UMargarita akuyona lapha, futhi konke anqunywe ku ukubukeka protagonist. Futhi lapha Berlioz igama Mirtsevym.
• Lesishiyagalombili ingxenye - "Umninimuzi UMargarita." Qedela nabavuthiwe edition umbhalo wesandla ka-1928-1937 sika. Futhi le nguqulo yanyatheliswa udade Elena Bulgakova Olga Bokshanskoy.
• Owesithoba - ngokuthi "Umninimuzi UMargarita." I lokugcina futhi final inguqulo, ohlanganisa zonke anezele zakamuva namazwana Bulgakov. It yanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa umbhali Elena Sergeevna, umkakhe, ngo-1966.

Inketho izindaba Belobrovtsevoy futhi Kulyus

Ngezindlela eziningi, enguqulweni yawo iyafana ukuthi Losev, njengoba uvumelana ngokugcwele ukugxekwa inguqulo yokuqala. Nokho, inhloko yabangamashumi abahleli abakubiza "inselo unjiniyela" ukhonkolo inoveli "Nedra" endlini ukushicilela yesibili. Kukulo muzi lapho okokuqala kukhona izinceku zeNkosi, ogama lakhe namanje Fesey. Udlala indima Faust ayinakho margaritas. Le nguqulo lwesithathu, ngokuvumelana Belobrovtsevoy futhi Kulyus kuyinto "Fantasy inoveli" eyabhalwa Bulgakov ngo-1932, lapho u-Master uguqulwa kusukela Fesi ku Poet futhi kuvele UMargarita. Okwesine, babheka edition 1936, omunye eyaqedwa okokuqala igama elithi "ukuqeda." Okulandelayo kuba umkhiqizo 1937 - inoveli sidle "Prince of Darkness." Umbhalo ke ephrintiwe O. S. Bokshanskoy. Kakade sigqoka yakhe abalobi kubhekwe edition lwesikhombisa. Futhi yesishiyagalombili futhi engeyokugcina - wukuthi ilungelo Bulgakov nomkakhe ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe futhi yanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Thina ashicilele inoveli kwindlela siyazi ukuthi, okokuqala ngo 'eMoscow "umagazini ngo-1966. Umkhiqizo ngokushesha kwaduma, futhi igama Bulgakov ibashiye izindebe besikhathi sakhe. Khona-ke, ngempela, akekho kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ubani umlobi imisebenzi owabhala. "Umninimuzi UMargarita" - inoveli ukuthi kwaba nethonya elikhulu. Futhi usabambelela idumela lalo.