Tuffs Volcanic: izakhiwo kanye isicelo

Yini ukusetshenziswa kungaba kusuka mlilo? Uma uthi nhlá, kungcono inhlekelele yemvelo, okwenza ukuthi kube nzima, futhi ngezinye izikhathi paralyzes ngisho ngokuphelele ukuphila eduze. Kodwa njengoba lezi zenzakalo azinakugwenywa, kungenzeka ukuthola kuzo inzuzo - ngenxa kukhona tuffs mlilo. Ukusetshenziswa le nto Kulula ukuthola ngenxa impahla yayo eliyingqayizivele. Kuyini lokhu?

Tuffs: Izakhiwo

Njengoba umkhiqizo ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, bangase babe yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile kakhulu. Futhi kuyahlukahluka kanye ukuminyana, othinta kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa le nto ngenjongo ethile. Ngisho iphuzu elilodwa eduze tuffs wentaba-mlilo zingase zibe izingoma ezahlukene, kuya ngokuthi umehluko uhlobo nokuqhuma futhi umzali idwala.

Nokho, ngento eyodwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezibonakalayo njalo porosity. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-wentaba-mlilo idwala is sintered doti esihle futhi izinsalela umlotha nesihlabathi. Ngenxa yalokho, it has amanzi nekushaywa ukumelana frost, kanye nje ngisahlose lokho. Njengomthetho, tufa futhi namanje kuqhathaniswa esithambile, nakuba incike isampuli ethize. Lesi sici kwenza ukuba ukuphatha lolu hlobo idwala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi - kuphela esebenzisa zabona futhi ngembazo. Ngakho amandla tuffs wentaba-mlilo akuzona kunabayeni, isibonelo, egwadle. Kodwa kuhlanganiswe izakhiwo into ngisho aphakeme.

Igama itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva tofus Latin - kanjalo yini ngokuthi wonke amatshe afana nezizinda manje eningizimu ye-Italy. Ngisho nanamuhla lokhu ingenye yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu phezu tuff.

isakhiwo

Njengomthetho, tuff ihambisane nohlelo kuthululwa hlangothi noma ane-esidi lavas kuqhathaniswa viscous. Liquid akha idwala eziyisisekelo njalo phakathi nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ziyakwazi kulula sasivumela ukuba ngivule nobumba.

Njengoba iqhuma ensimini angase alale zinhlobo ezahlukene, umkhiqizo wokugcina kungahluka Ukwakheka: aqukethe basalt ngaphezulu, liparitovyh, trachyte, andesite nezinye izinhlayiya.

zinhlobo

Kuye ezicini eziningana ezifana uhlobo isayithi kumiswa edwaleni umzali, izakhiwo tuff zingase zihluke. Lokhu kubonakala hhayi kuphela isisindo salo kanye kwabantu, kodwa futhi umbala.

Ngokuvamile, palette umbala le nto wehlukile kakhulu: ngokwemvelo zikhona, mhlawumbe, bonke shades - kusuka elimhlophe nobisi ukuze ogqamile, konsundu, grey futhi omnyama. Nokho, lona wamuva abasakwazi ezingavamile.

Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi tuff ezahlukene ukuminyana ongaphakeme futhi umsungulo - at spresovyvanii eside angagcina siguqulwe impahla elahlekile porosity yayo futhi emadanisekako izakhiwo ngisho ne obsidian.

idiphozi

Mhlawumbe ezihlukahlukene eyaziwa kakhulu kuyinto tuff, okuyinto misela ngasedolobheni Artik e-Armenia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona emkhakheni omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni ukuzalela kahle liyabonakala ngenxa umbala walo isici violet-pink. ezifakwa Local zinkulu - ungqimba 6-7 amamitha amanga nje ngamasentimitha ambalwa kwenhlabathi. Ngo-Armenia, kunesinye rocks umthombo - Ani, lapho kuveza tuff ophuzi.

Kukhona futhi eningi ezifakwa ehlaziyiwe eduze Naples neRoma, e-Iceland, republic Afrika Cape Verde. ezifakwa Ngaphansi olubanzi asezindaweni Kabardino-Balkaria futhi eKamchatka ku Russian Federation, Georgia, Iran, New Zealand, e-Azerbaijan, eJalimane, ngaphakathi abadumile IYellowstone Park e-United States. isithekelisi emhlabeni enkulu itshe Turkey, okuyinto futhi anezinye alondoloza zemvelo.

Ukucubungula Isicelo

Njengoba sekushiwo, iningi tuffs wentaba-mlilo kahle amenable ukuba ukusika. Lesi sici kwenza ukuba usebenzise indaba ngaphambi obhekwe amathuluzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Okokuqala nje bavunyelwa kanjani ukusebenzisa tuff ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu. Beautiful umsindo nokushisa ukwahlukanisa wenzé le nto esisemqoka eziphilayo. Ngisho wokulolonga nge tufa kakhulu ngcono isimo, kulapho ukuze likwazi kahle izinjongo zokuhlobisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo tuff ezinzima futhi ngempela seysmoustochivy. Ngo eningizimu ye-Italy e-Armenia futhi manje ungabona wonke umuzi owakhiwe kulokhu kwaziswa. Ezinye izakhiwo kwale nto zihlala zinjalo ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, njalo wadalula abalulekile lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni. Ngakho lokho kungenziwa ngokuthi tuff kodwa okuhlala kakhulu.

Enye indlela isicelo - ngaphezu Particulate ifomu esisetshenziselwa izingoma ukuze kwakhiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo kabanzi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwamanzi. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi uma okulindele ukuchayeka amanzi olwandle, okuyinto kwalelidwala wentaba-mlilo ngokuphelele umelana, kanjalo ngcono ukuzinza kanye amakhemikhali ukwakheka, okuyinto yengezwe.

Ezinye izinhlobo yamadwala njengoba izithasiselo ukwehlisa kulungiselelwa lokushisa ngokhonkolo, kanjalo uvimbele ukudala ezinye ngokuhlaziya. Ngokuvamile, tuff mlilo kanye esetshenziselwa eziqoshiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, imifanekiso edumile -Easter Island - moai - uyalusika yalesi material. Ngezinga elincane tuffs ziye zasetshenziswa womshini izinto ezincane yasendlini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo yamadwala nasemigodini has ethile ebalulekile injongo ethile - ngeke luze noma okungenani sinike ukubuka sleek. Lapho yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, uhlala itshe anolaka, okuyinto Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi baze babe inzuzo.

tuff yokufakelwa

Kubonakala sengathi imvelo kuphela kungase kudale a impahla onjalo ophelele. Futhi isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi linje. Noma kunjalo, abantu abangaphezu kuka-isikhathi baye bafunda uthole into ethi ayifane naleyo ngaphandle iqhaza kwezintaba-mlilo. Artificial noma gipertuf wenziwa nenye isihlabathi, usimende kanye Peat. Ngo zokuhlobisa nazo ngokuvamile wanezela colorants. Nokho, okulingana ezenziwe umuntu bajabulela ethandwa ingasaphathwa njengoba kuqhathaniswa analogu zemvelo, futhi ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa isicelo abe design landscape.