Thyroid isimila iziphambano. Yikuphi umaka isimila libonisa umdlavuza egilo?

Umdlavuza - isitswebhu ngekhulu xxi, le ntuthuko ihamba, amacala ngaphezulu umdlavuza. Eyodwa yezindlela entsha ukuthola izimila umdlavuza - isimila iziphambano. Kuyini futhi engingamthemba azihlole?

Yiziphi isimila nakomaka

Igama uphawu livela IsiZulu isenzo uphawu, okusho "ukumaka, ukumaka okuthile." Isimila nakomaka - igama ezivamile igazi noma umchamo for khona ukulandelelwa, noma "tags 'ukuthi ukushiya isimila esinomdlavuza emzimbeni lapho ezalwa ukwakheka nokukhula.

Ngakho okulandelayo iyona amaprotheni ethize noma enzyme imikhiqizo yabo yokubola. amaprotheni akhishwa kungaba umdlavuza, noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ekuphenduleni izinqubo anomdlavuza emzimbeni.

Kuye isimila ungakheka amaprotheni ezahlukene. Ngakho, lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu isimila abonisa lapho mhlawumbe akukho umdlavuza-X-ray. Yingakho ukuhlaziya isetshenziswa njenge ndlela zokuxilonga, kanye ezibonakalayo, njengokushintsha ultrasound kanye x-reyi.

Izinhlobonhlobo futhi isimila izimpawu ukuthi ukhombise

Ngokwe-standard, ezingaphezu kuka-200 zama-isimila nakomaka Ethandwa ningi of them are okulandelayo:

• PSA (wendlala);
• UBC (esinyeni);
• SA125 (amaqanda);
• SA 15-3 (webele);
• SA 19-9 (lesisu, amathumbu, amanyikwe);
• SA 242 (izibilini, kanye amanyikwe);
• HCG (amaqanda, testes, kwesibeletho);
• AFP (umdlavuza hepatic, gallbladder, esibelethweni, njll);
• B-2-MG (lomdlavuza wegazi kanye lymph node);
• Cea (antigen carcinoembryonic).

Ngo abakaki ukhombise kwasendaweni we umdlavuza, okhombisa ethize isimila umaka. Njengoba singabona, esithile endaweni ethile, kuyilapho abanye ukushintshashintsha ngoba uyayazi imbangela. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa inhlanganisela iziphambano. Ngokwesibonelo, ezimweni okusolakala umdlavuza pancreatic iqondiswa kanye SA 242 futhi SA 19-9, futhi umdlavuza wesibeletho - AFP SA125 futhi hCG. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela kuzodinga ukuxilongwa esibanzi.

Kodwa lapho lisetshenziswa enkulumweni ukuhlaziya isimila nakomaka

Yabela kubo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• okusolakala isimila okungakwazi esabonwa kuhlolwe ngamehlo;
• sokuphatha uyahluleka uma elwa nokuphuza;
• engcupheni yokuthola umdlavuza;
• nge esolwa metastasized;
• njengoba isilinganiso izifo, e zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye nezinye izingozi;
• njengengxenye ukuxilongwa esibanzi;
• ukuqapha impumelelo ukwelashwa nge lokhu kwakuyoba nomphumela omuhle we lokuhlushwa iqala ukuze wehlise.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlaziywa olulodwa isimila nakomaka yendlala ngisho engu- akwanele ukuqeda noma, kunalokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kuwuphawu lwesimila.

thyroid Cancer

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza ayeyivelakancane, ikakhulukazi phakathi abesifazane nabantu asebekhulile. Indlala yegilo indlala - uhlaka olukhiqiza eziningi hormone ezibalulekile. Ukungabi noma ngokweqile ezithinta ukukhula, kwengqondo, umzimba nempilo jikelele. Esisogwini phambi umzimba nasentanyeni libukeka uvemvane: iyizingxenye ezimbili zixhunywe mdweshu mncane. Ngenxa eduze yayo kunalokho njalo Kutholwe ngendlela efanele usaqala ngesikhathi palpation yisiguli, isib, lapho behlanza indawo ebusweni.

Umdlavuza wegilo has 4 izinhlobo:

1. Papillary - ama-75% azo zonke komdlavuza kule ndlala yegilo. Uthambekele intrusions koda kwezitho eduze noma zamanzi.
2. Follicular - Uhlobo lwesibili oluthile umdlavuza yegilo. Isizathu esiyinhloko - ukuntula iodine. Nalokhu hlobo lomdlavuza isimila kungaqali ngokuvamile ishiya le ndlala yegilo.
3. Medullary. A ukuvuvukala kuyingozi kakhulu nalo cishe akusho buthelela iodine enemisebe, okwenza imithi ngokusebenzisa ke ayizwakali.
4. Anaplastic. Ukuze lolu hlobo libhekene ukukhula ngokushesha kanye nezimpawu elikhanyayo okwenzeka: hoarseness, ukukhwehlela igazi, kwesifuba lapho ukuphefumula, kwesisindo kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. I bebubuncani kodwa esiyingozi kakhulu.

Izimpawu ze-umdlavuza yegilo

Izibonakaliso isimila elandelayo izimpawu ilezi:

• izwi hoshozela;
• ukuguquguquka elibukhali isisindo;
• umuzwa ukucindezeleka futhi ukulahlekelwa amandla;
• ubuhlungu lapho uvuleka;
• imfiva simbe;
• goiter lakhulisiwe.

Uma kukhona okungenani eyodwa uphawu, isivele ayinandaba, futhi lapho bobabili kulolu hlu, kufanele nakanjani ihlonzwe. Kanye uphethwe yini kufanele siqhutshwe njalo kulabo abanomlando okuthile kwezihlobo eziseduze unomdlavuza yegilo.

izindlela ukuxilongwa

Kakhulu ulwazi izindlela zokuxilonga zimi kanje:

• Thyroid ultrasound;
• cwaningo morphological (isimila isinqamu biopsy Cytology);
• ukuhlolwa igazi for isimila nakomaka yendlala.

Kodwa eceleni, akekho kubo ngoba uphethwe asisebenzi. Uma usola ukuthi unesimila ku kokuhlahlela isimila nakomaka kuyadingeka ukuze ultrasound for the ukuthola yesimila uqobo futhi indawo yayo eqondile. Phezu ukuthola idinga ukuhlolisiswa morphological ukunquma degree of umdlavuza. Futhi kuphela ke sitholakale.

Uniform usayizi ukwanda kubonisa inqubo sokugembula kule ndlala. Ngokuvamile, indlala yegilo kwabesifazane is hhayi ningi than 19 cc futhi 25 cc amadoda. A umdlavuza libhekene excrescence engalingani ukuthi kungabonwa ultrasound.

ekuhlonzweni lesi sifo kungasindisa ukuphila lesiguli, njengoba on the 1st futhi izigaba 2 umdlavuza ingelapheka ngempumelelo, futhi kwakuthethwa amacala yokuphulukisa olulodwa 3rd. On esigabeni 4th, odokotela ungenza kancane, nje ukwenza ukuphila futhi ekudambiseni ukuhlupheka.

Isimila nakomaka ulwazi mayelana umdlavuza yegilo

Ngakho yini ebonisa isimila marker umdlavuza egilo? Oncomarkers Lezi hormone ezikhiqizwayo yensimbi uqobo, uma ine- isimila noma ezinye izinguquko esiwohlozayo. It-hormone ezifana calcitonin futhi thyroglobulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimila ukukhula kubonisa izinga carcinoembryonic antigen Cea noma esifushanisiwe.

Isimila nakomaka yendlala calcitonin ezivezwa yegilo C-cells. Wambula sitholakele medullary umdlavuza uhlobo.

Thyroglobulin kuveza amaseli EPITHELIAL. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoba thyroglobulin kuyinkomba kuphela papillary futhi follicular zomdlavuza. Lapho ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela ziyovivinywa ngeleveli thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine (T3 ne-T4) Lokuphikisana kubonisa.

Ngamunye has ngokucacile ayo:

1. Izinga antigen carcinoembryonic kwandisa ngesikhathi ezahlukene izindawo umdlavuza, kuhlanganise yegilo indlala.
2. Thyroglobulin ezingeni liphuma ngokuvamile ngesikhathi lokubuya kwesifo lomdlavuza we indlala yegilo.
3. Hormone calcitonin ukwenyuka medullary umdlavuza yegilo.

Ukulungiselela i-ukuhlaziywa

Ukuze uthole imiphumela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu phambi ukulethwa kokuhlahlela isimila nakomaka yendlala sincoma nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuhlaziywa umaluju ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho. Misa yokudla Kunconywa okungenani amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokubeletha, kodwa kancane kancane amanzi ungakwazi uphuze.
2. amahora angu-48 ayeke imithi oyiphuzayo kanye Izithako zokudla, utshwala.
3. amahora angu-24 Kuhle ukungayidli ukudla okubabayo, okunosawoti ngibhema.
4. Ungavuli ngokweqile noma wethuke kungenzeka ukwehluleka hormone zenzeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.
5. Ukuze ngesonto ukuyeka ukuphuza amalungiselelo hormone.

Uma noma iyiphi yezimfuneko azikwazi ukuhlangabezwa, kubalulekile ukwazisa uchwepheshe, wenza inothi. Ngokwesibonelo, ayenqaba engayitholi njalo noma yimuphi umuthi lihlotshaniswa ingozi empilweni.

amaminithi angu-5 ngaphambi ukulethwa igazi ezingeni calcitonin zaphathwa isiguli for ukukhuthazwa pentagastrin.

Amanani kwabesifazane labesilisa

Inani thyroglobulin egazini umuntu enempilo ngokuvamile ingeqi 10 ng / ml, kodwa ukwanda kancane akuyona obumangalisayo, kwaba njengokungathi imithetho kancane ephakeme. Izinkambiso hormone athile, ezifana calcitonin kubantu besilisa nakubantu besifazane ingehluka.

Amazinga akuzona umfaniswano, ziyashiyana laboratories ezahlukene. Kodwa, ngisho uthole izandla zakho phezu ukuhlaziywa ngeziphambeko kusukela evamile akudingekile ukwethuka.

Izibalo zithi abantu ngokuvamile ziphathwa endaweni yokucwaninga, ngokudlula udokotela, eqondiswa imithetho, kodwa akulungile. Phela, njengoba indlela angawodwa zokuxilonga kuyize.

Kodwa uma kwenzeka, khona-ke ukuhlaziya kumele ahlolwe i oncologist owayehlonze isifo noma ukubonisa ukuthi siyiphutha ngokuthumela ku Ukuhlolwa ezengeziwe. Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi khona isimila zinkomba kungenzeka ulele kakhulu, 10 noma ngisho 20 izikhathi. A ukwanda kancane amaphuzu kunalokho yenkinga indlala yegilo.

Mayelana 10% abantu enempilo ukusebenza ephakeme. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, le izibalo kungase kwandise kakhulu futhi lokho kulungile, ngoba kukhona izinguquko ezihlukahlukene hormone. Ngemva kokuphela hormone lactation kufanele buya ezivamile. Njengoba bekhula, futhi izinqubo ukuvuvukala emzimbeni futhi kwandisa ukusebenza.

Pluses onkomarkery Assay phezu kwezinye izindlela ukuxilongwa

Ungasethemba yini kokuhlahlela isimila omaka, uma izinto eziningi kangaka kungathinta ubuqiniso bayo? Njenganoma iyiphi indlela zokuxilonga kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi, kanye focus emincane.

Nebubi ukuhlola ezibukwayo:

1. Kunengozi ukuthi isimila ngeke ukutholwa, ikakhulukazi ngendlela efanele usaqala.
2. A umthamo elincane ngemisebe noma emisebeni kagesi.

ukuhlolwa Negative ngoba isimila nakomaka sodwa, kodwa sina - lokhu AMANGA.

Uma indlela akuyona waqonda njengoba ematheni, kanye elisizayo, zonke izimangalo kuso uzonyamalala, ukuhlaziywa ubhekana kahle endaweni wakhe wemfanelo. Njengoba ukulawula i resumption of the ekhishiwe ukuhlaziywa isimila ukukhula lubaluleke. Futhi kuyasiza ukuqapha ukuphumelela ukwelashwa kanye ukubukeka Ukuphinda ngemva isimila ukususwa. Kodwa zokuvimbela ultrasound zokuxilonga sekukhomba. Kunengozi ukuthi isimila sekuqalile ukuthuthukisa, kanye isimila nakomaka ophambene.