Strategic cruise ezicitshwayo X-55: Imininingwane, izithombe

Long esikhathini esidlule ngesikhathi lapho isikhali esiyinhloko izindiza isibhamu othomathikhi. Yiqiniso, kukhona eyodwa ebhodini njalo ukulwa yesimanje fighter futhi Interceptor, kodwa ukubaluleka kwawo kwangempela lincane kakhulu. Ngesisekelo amandla ukulwa lamadolobha esimanjemanje Air Force - umkhankaso cruise missile. X-55 - omunye onobuhle kuqala futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke izikhali ezinjalo, leyemukelwa Army Soviet.

Qala yentuthuko

Konke kwaqala emuva ngo-1975. Khona-ke iqembu "Raduga" bathatha isinyathelo ukudala uhlobo olusha yezikhali ezicitshwayo encane nge sezikhali zenuzi, ungakwazi ukwandisa amandla ukulwa we Russian Air Force. Akwaziwa kungaziphi izizathu, kodwa ekuqaleni isiphakamiso sinqatshelwe. Nokho, ngonyaka olandelayo wayemuhle, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo zaqala kuyashesha ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo isikhali. Ngakho, ama-X-55 rocket lwenzelwe bese zilandelwa ngu iqembu abanamakhono "Raduga". Yiqiniso, kungenzeka yini ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Amasampula kuqala futhi ukuhlolwa "indima"

Amasampula kuqala baye baqala ukuqoqa e Dubna, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-1978. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ibhizinisi yayigcwele ukukhululwa ezicitshwayo X-22, kwanqunywa ukuba phaka ukukhiqizwa e laseKharkov. Eminyakeni yokuqala ye laseKharkov ifektri kancane nje ngokudedela ezinkulu zohlelo kweminsalo, kuyilapho imikhiqizo siphelile ababebuthene Dubna, kodwa ngokushesha inkampani isidlulile ngokuphelele umjikelezo avaliwe ukukhiqizwa.

Ekuqaleni 1978 (ngaphambi kokuphela zonke izigaba test), uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange enquma ekusungulweni ekuseni zokukhiqiza serial la kweminsalo. Ekupheleni kuka-1980, kuqala ukukhiqiza missile KH-55 lalimisa etandleni ikhasimende. Zisuka nje, kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi abathwali izikhali ezintsha ezinamandla kuyoba "Swans White" Tu-160 futhi "Bears" Tu-95. ukuhlolwa X-55 Kwakuseshwa emhlabathini Faustovo.

Kokuhluleka kokuqala

Okokuqala missile serial X-55 landizela 23 Februwari 1981. nedlanzana kuphela ukuqalisa Kwakuseshwa, futhi umkhiqizo kwenqatshiwe eyodwa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli cala hhayi noma yikuphi ukushiyeka kwethu, futhi ibe nalezi generator nokwenqaba. Kodwa kungani kudingeka kuyo ukwakhiwa izinhlamvu eqondile thina, uma unganikeza ezakhayo ibhethri umthamo high?

Iqiniso lokuthi zenuzi ezicitshwayo ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukuze, uma kudingekile, ukukhulisa uhla lokusebenza kwabo okuwusizo. amabhethri Standard kulo lonke "umzila" ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza amandla ngoba zonke izingxenye. Futhi ngoba lusekelwa ngamandla wosayizi omncane egaya ugesi RDK-300.

Qala ufake ibutho

Ngokokuqala ngqá yokutholwa rocket wathatha ingxenye, ezinze Semipalatinsk. Ngo-1983 sasiqhutshelwa ekusebenziseni kuqala, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ibutho of nisebenzela ezisebenzisekayo e ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zikhali ezimweni eduze lokulwa. Ngo-December walowo nyaka ofanayo, kwathiwa wamukelwe ngokomthetho version yesimanje we Tu-95, futhi yaba isikhali esiyinhloko X-55 (cruise missile).

Ngo-1984, ukuhlolwa njalo yayiqhutshelwa okuyinto kwatholakala ukuthi kungaba hit ngokunembile ilitshe at ibanga ayizinkulungwane 2.5 amakhilomitha. Ngo-1986, ukukhiqizwa wadluliswa ngokugcwele emzini Kirov. Ukuze wehlise izitshalo inhlangano letitsite missile eseqala ukuveza ngesikhathi Smolensk Aviation Plant.

Izici Main:

I ikhipha ezahlukene X-55? A cruise missile yakhelwe ngesisekelo ejwayelekile ukumiswa sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza. imikhiqizo Ezezindlu ensimbi for amalunga omzimba ashiselwe. Empeleni, abantu abangaphezu kuka-70% fuselage - uphethiloli. Isakhiwo amandla imelelwa ozimele, okuyinto unamathisele wonke amadivayisi, imishini, kunjalo futhi obangela okuqinile rocket docking amatheku. Ngakho njengoba kudingeka ukuze wengeze lula design, cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye uzimele zenziwa mncane-ngabafaka.

Yiziphi Ubukhulu kwase-X-55 - a amasu cruise missile? I ububanzi we fuselage ke ilingana isigamu imitha. Inani namaphiko - amamitha angaphezu kwamathathu. Ubude umzimba - amamitha eziyisishiyagalolunye, starting isisindo evamile - 1.7 m esiphezulu ukuphambuka, ukhatshana lelitshe oyifunayo -. Engamakhulu amamitha. In izinguqulo ezalandela, lesi silinganiso sancishiswa saba amamitha 20, kodwa uhla kwezicelo bawela amakhilomitha 2,000. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho onjiniyela nososayensi, le ndlela akusho ivumelane.

ukuguqulwa inketho

Nokho, kwaba khona omunye X-55. Strategic cruise missile nge Inkomba "SM" emzimbeni elikhiphe ekhethekile phezulu fuel amathangi, ungase fly kakade ayizinkulungwane 3.5. Km. Kodwa kamuva ekhiqizwa kuphela inguqulo ye-X-555, ukuze umzimba eyayihunyushwe ngokwakhayo wabeka Ukukhweza i extra fuel amathangi. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kungenzeka hit okuhloswe ngaso ibanga amakhilomitha kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 3.

Amandla warhead yenuzi - 200 CT. Okwamanje ibiza i-Ushintshe X-55 rocket enkonzweni. Izici wazichaza ngokuphelele ezifanayo, kodwa impi "ezazigxishwe" hhayi warhead yenuzi, futhi inhlanganisela TNT ezivamile futhi geksokena.

Aerodynamics futhi powerplant

Zonke izingxenye ophumile zakhiwe esiyinhlanganisela izinto ezikhethekile. Le ndlela akuyona kuphela kungenzeka kakhulu ukunciphisa isisindo sokuqala, kodwa futhi zangisiza ekwenzeni rocket kancane ebonakalayo ukuze ezingaba radars isitha. Stabilizers futhi iphiko ngaphambi kokuqala embondelene qondanisa ngaphansi isenzo squibs emva rocket X-55 (elinendawo isithombe esihlokweni) bayokhululwa indiza.

isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe ufanelwe esetshenziswa powerplant. injini Turbofan R95-300 turbojet Umgomo we operation aboshelwe kwesigaba umsila. Isisekelo kuyinto pylon ekhethekile. Ngu efanayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ke uhoxile umzimba ngaphambi nje kokuqala. Qala futhi kwenziwe ngaphansi isenzo exosha umsiki. Lokhu injini icwecwe kakhulu, kodwa umthwalo walo isilinganiso ilingana 3,68 kg / kg. Kuyinto, ngokwehlukanisa, ngokuphelele kuyafana eziningi zalezi zinsuku ukulwa izindiza.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-cruise ezicitshwayo X-55, izimfanelo okuyinto enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba sicabangele ke izikhali ngempela eyanele, ngisho izimo zamanje, ikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini eliphezulu kakhulu, avimbele ukucabhela yayo endleleni ukulwa.

Eqinisweni, ngokuvumelana lesi sici, leli isikhali namanje engathathi ukuthela ngentuthuko eziningi ezintsha. ezicitshwayo Intercept lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma ukusetshenziswa isimiso sokuzivikela eziphambili kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba sazi ukuthi kabusha kulesi sikhathi samanje - akunangqondo ezibizayo X-55 kuyoba isikhathi eside ukuma inkonzo wezwe lakithi, kokuba izakhiwo zesimanje ngokuphelele namandla yesiteleka.

Izinhlobo fuel esetshenziswa

Buhle liphinde okukhethekile "omnivorous." injini rocket ongasebenza ngesikhathi ezivamile zezindiza kaphalafini amamaki T-1, TS-1 kanye nabanye. Kodwa P-95-300 ososayensi zaseSoviet esikhathini esifishane siye ithuthukiswe isakhi esithile esikhethekile ka-T-10, okuyinto engcono eyaziwa ngokuthi detsilin. Kuyinto enobuthi kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi uxhumano efanayo caloric. Kuyinto kule uphethiloli ezicitshwayo X-55 futhi X-555 ongafinyelela isivinini ukusebenza uhla indiza yayo.

Kodwa ukusebenza lolu hlobo uphethiloli kunzima kakhulu: detsilin uketshezi kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho edinga MOT njalo, okuhloswe ngazo nokugcina ubuqotho esiphezulu izindlu. Futhi zisuthe ngokuhle kuphela kweminsalo, zazo ogibele ibhodi missile amasu isexwayiso njalo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, amasosha bakhetha ukusebenzisa jet fuel, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi kokubili amasosha lezakhamuzi.

Umgomo we operation

isiqondiso uhlelo - inertial, ezizimele ngokugcwele, nge indiza izinguquko kuncike izici sezwe. Ngaphambi indiza Avionics ezicitshwayo ukulayishwa inkomba ishadi kwendawo, okuyinto ilitshe ehlosiwe. Phakathi indiza, ama-X-55 emoyeni-umkhankaso cruise ezicitshwayo kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya njengoba iqembu kusuka phansi noma emoyeni, futhi ukusebenzisa uhlelo yama yodwa ngokugcwele, babesuka impumuzo. Lokhu kwenza kwabo izikhali enemisebenzi ngempela futhi iyingozi kakhulu.

Ikhuluma kanye indiza

Isikimu ilula. Okokuqala, missile ikhishwe emoyeni ngenxa wokusika, bese sivuleka injini main kulo ezindizayo nasezilwaneni nazo zonke ezinye indlela isisulu saso. Ukundiza uqhutshwa endaweni engamamitha amamitha akukho kuka 60-100. Uma kudingeka, X-55 ingandiza endaweni engamamitha amamitha 30 kuphela! Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuzenzakalelayo Bypasses zonke izithiyo kungenza veer ngokuzenzakalela emzileni, ukugwema ukubonakala amaqoqo VIP izihlalo. Inkambo kushintsha njalo amakhilomitha 100-200.

Ukuze wenze lokhu kumemori yezikhali ezicitshwayo wangena okuthiwa ilebula zokulungisa. Lapho isifinyelele iphuzu elithile, kukhona "funda" isimo sezwe, esekelwe okuyinto wabeka inkambo entsha, okuvumela isenzo ephumelela kunazo balekela isitha air izivikelo.

Imiphumela etholwe Ngakho kwendawo scan njalo zihlolwe ne standard babeka phansi inkumbulo, ukuze ngeziphambeko dlela predetermined engenakwenzeka. It is ngenxa lesi sinqumo, la kweminsalo kungenziwa eyenga at ilitshe ngobuciko kangangokuthi ngenxa isizukulwane esedlule sakwa-izikhali alesi sigaba kwaba cishe lungafinyeleleki. Okokugcina, ephuzwini langempela elivelele X-55, kunzima kakhulu ngezindlela zobuqili ukuzenza, ngenxa ukuthi bangakwazi ukugwema elimazayo izinhlelo emoyeni okuziphendulela iningi amacala.

Okwamanje, le isikhali uhlale emsebenzini, ukuvikela ubukhosi isimo sethu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi missile lwenzelwe ngawo-70 leminyaka eledlule, walibiza ngokuthi "aphelelwe yisikhathi" Awukwazi ngisho kube elula. Konke imisebenzi ke wenza ngokugcwele, futhi ezahlukeneyo Ushintshe labo abazokwazi ekunqobeni ngisho isistimu missile defense zonke amasampula ezithathwe NATO Bloc lempi.