Spore ukwakheka - inqubo ye sporulation. izibonelo

Emvelweni, kukhona ama-bacterium unekhono esiyingqayizivele ukwakha ezinhlamvu. Njengoba le nqubo kwenzeka, ukuthi izingxabano ezinjalo, umfundi uyofunda ngokufunda isihloko.

izingxabano

Ingabe izinto eziphilayo ehlanganisa kuseli eyodwa, ngawo kukhona ukuphindaphinda zisakaza. Kuyini impikiswano? Enguqulweni - yaleli kwezitshalo, ekuhlwanyelweni kwembewu. Ezinhlamvu nande isikhunta, wona, ulele, izitshalo futhi ezinye izinhlobo zama-bacterium.

Izingxabano zihlukile. Ngakho, ngo-izitshalo kanye isikhunta zifeza umsebenzi zokukhiqiza kabusha, namagciwane - akukho. Lezinhlamvu-bacterium ukuze bazivikele kwezimo ezingezinhle, kodwa hhayi wonke amabhaktheriya afakwa izakhiwo ezinjalo.

Kuyini impikiswano? Lokhu silwanyana kuyinto amagciwane kancane izikhathi eziyishumi cell ngokwayo, kwakhiwa kuyo. Kungaba kuphela ukubhubhisa-antibiotic ezibalulekile noma ilangabi evulekile.

Nokusebenza lezinhlamvu ukuba ayefisa ukufana nabo. La magciwane ezincane kungaba iqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuze kufinyelele eminyakeni eyinkulungwane. Kodwa, kanye izimo ezikahle, basuke siguqulwe, akhula ngokushesha futhi ande.

Zama-bacterium spore ukwakha

Izinhlamvu zesikhunta zingase yakha amagciwane-izinti kuphela. Kuye ngobukhulu we-agumenti ithi:

• Bacillus - okubizwa ngokuthi amagciwane, ubukhulu agumenti lingaphansi kuka ububanzi izinti. It yakha lapho amagciwane sporulation akashintshi.
• Clostridium - impikiswano likhulu kuno ububanzi we amaseli. Ama-bacterium aqala ukuba sikhukhumale ibe othini lokuphotha emise.

Inqubo sporulation phakathi amagciwane ezifana cocci futhi convoluted kukalutshwana kakhulu, okuhlukile.

bacilli

Lokhu amagciwane spore ukwakha ngesimo izinti, akhawunti uhlobo kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili zilwane. Ihlukile asporogenous nezilwanyana ezincane usayizi omkhudlwana. Phakathi bacilli babe pathogenic, eyingozi empilweni yomuntu.

Lezi zihlanganisa i-anthrax, okuyinto agent causative of antratsis - imbewu eletha lingena ngokusebenzisa unezilonda isikhumba kunomphumela anobuthi on indwangu, okuyinto ayafa kwalokho. I-ejenti causative yalesisifo cishe akunakubhubha. Ngeke abhidliza ukushisa, ukukhanya, futhi amakhemikhali senzo. lokugoma kuphela.

clostridia

Lezi amabhaktheriya kukhona ingqondo spore-obumba, ngamanye amazwi bebizwa baphoqwe. Clostridia kukhona usayizi esikhulu futhi ukuma induku lwalugobile. Bahlanganyela bahlala eziphilayo, kukhona zeselula ongasanyakazi. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka babe flagella.

Clostridium kokuba izakhiwo pathogenic, afakwa capsule-superstructure. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imvelo bangaphandle akathinti iseli, kuba capsule.

Clostridia eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, ezinye zazo angakhiqiza ubuthi anobuthi ezifana botulinum ushevu - ubuthi oqinile organic. Isibonelo zinhlobo pathogenic ka Clostridia kukhona causative ejenti ye botulism, esibhibhayo, ngqi.

Spore kwetinhlavu amagciwane

Le nqubo kwenzeka amagciwane lapho hhayi inamandla enele, emoyeni olwenzeka endaweni omisiwe inqwaba ezikuyo eziyingozi imikhiqizo umzimba, iyehla iyenyuka elibukhali lokushisa zenzeka. Kafushane: sporulation - indlela eqinisekisa sokusinda webhaktheriya ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. SUMMARY spore kumiswa liqukethe yokuthi umsebenzi microbial incipha futhi kunciphisa umfutho izinqubo umzimba.

сложный процесс. Spore ukwakheka - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. I cytoplasm iqala ukulahlekelwa umswakama, ke uba futhi eqoqwe emzimbeni amagciwane. Kukhona-ke embozwe igobolondo obukhulu ngongqimba eziningana eliqinile ukuze izixazululo ezahlukene, futhi kuthatha ngesimo ukwakheka entsha isiyingi, ovoid noma okusaqanda, okuthiwa i-spore. Ngo igobolondo obukhulu ezinhlamvu elivuthiwe DNA zamagama kuyehla kube okungenani. Umzali iseli amagciwane uyabhujiswa, lo umama elahlekelwa icala ingxabano.

Amaphesenti igobolondo e isisindo ingqikithi ezinhlamvu singamaphesenti angu amahlanu. длительный процесс, для завершения которого необходимо около двадцати часов. Spore ukwakheka - inqubo eside, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze kuphelele amahora angaba amashumi amabili. Ukubukeka amaseli angahlala okufanayo noma zishintshwe. Kuya ngokuthi sayizi impikiswano futhi lapho likhona. Uma phakathi - ke iseli uba njengamazwi kulamula, a Keg noma uthi lokuphotha.

Spore ukwakheka - ushintsho kuseli simise esigabeni sokugcina inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngqi imbewu eletha ezinhlamvu kumiswa kwenzeka ekupheleni iseli, okubangela livele libe ifomu elisha lonke bese uba njengomuntu drumstick.

amagciwane spore ukwakha livikela kakhulu okokuqandisa, omiswe, okuqhubeka isikhathi eside noma abilayo yesikhashana, nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali. Kube vegetative izinhlobo amagciwane kwetinhlavu kanye sporulation. Izibonelo incwadi: causative ejenti izifo ezifana umbendeni, botulism, ngqi futhi ihlabathi abakhileyo saprophytic, okuyinto ingatholakala umquba.

ukuhluma

Lapho igobolondo singena agumenti indawo evumayo yakhe, uqala ukuba sikhukhumale. Le nqubo kwenzeka nje igobolondo alicekelekanga phansi ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi lapho indwangu igobolondo idabukile, ngokusebenzisa le ngiyibona yezinyoni ezinkulu abasha ku imvelo bangaphandle.

Ngale ndlela, lezinhlamvu imila amagciwane aerobic. amagciwane anaerobic qinani yangaphandle cell imvilophi yabo ngesikhathi sporulation. Kusukela ngaphandle, impikiswano akathinti medium, contact yayo nge ulwelwesi cell senzeka. Lapho kukhona izimo ezikahle, izakhi singene amaseli ngokusebenzisa icala. Ezinhlamvu ziqhume.

Ama-bacterium ukudla

Sporulation kuyinto amagciwane engathandeki phakathi kwenqubo futhi isitoreji imikhiqizo ehlukene. Uma le nqubo ithatha, ukulwa amagciwane kuyoba nzima. Ukuze ukubhujiswa ezinhlamvu ekudleni okufakwa emathinini, isibonelo, umkhiqizo kufanele inzalo, okuyinto ephansi kakhulu izinga layo. Ukuze silondoloze unaphakade ubisi, it is inzalo, futhi lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni sezindawo kokuqala Vitamin A. Ukuze wazi: izinga lokushisa Ukushisa ngesikhathi inzalo - degrees 120.

Pasteurization, ukugcina umsoco esiphezulu, ubisi eliwu 80-90 degrees zonke. Lokhu kuthinta impilo eshalofini: ubisi onakala ngokushesha, ngakho lezinhlamvu abafi phakathi pasteurization, kodwa kunalokho, at Igumbi lokushisa, baba ziqhume bese uqale ande ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho kanye umkhiqizo ichithekile.