Special nasekusekeleni wesayensi zomlando kanye nendima yabo ucwaningo zomlando

Izazi-mlando azikholelwa okuzuza nolwazi lwabo lwezinkanyezi ababezinikele esidlule angaqondi ukuthi kungani. Kukhona amagatsha abaningi besayensi zomlando, kuthuthukisa isifundo lezinkathi ezithile emlandweni wesintu. Kuyini lokhu umkhakha nokuthi zisiza mlando baqonde esidlule?

Ukwahlukanisa eyala zomlando

Ukuze iningi lazo asebenzise igama elithi "asizayo isiyalo zomlando." Evamile, basuke ngamaqembu amabili. Esokuqala azinikele ekutadisheni izinhlobo ezahlukene imithombo kunoma ohlangothini olulodwa. Lokhu asizayo eyala zomlando ezifana archaeography, ngohlu lozalo, ezigciniwe, Yokuhlaziya Imibhalo Yasendulo, Metrology zomlando, epigraphics, papyrology sengithi kombhalo. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, seliqalile efunda kwezikhathi Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo izinhlelo, ezisetshenziswa for izinhlobo ezahlukene imithombo ebhalwe phansi. Zomlando izifundo Metrology amayunithi isisindo, ubude, kanye nezinye amagugu ezazikhona emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngaphandle-ke, siyobe akunakwenzeka ukuba bakwazi ukucabanga ukuthi Pud, umina noma ithalente, kubikwa eziningi imithombo eyaziwa ebhaliwe. Ongoti isithakazelo epigraphy dlala ngokubhala okuqukethwe - ematsheni, yezandla, isakhiwo izindonga, njll

Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa eyala enikelwe ekutadisheni emithonjeni ethize, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze ababheke ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, Numismatics, sphragistics, heraldry, Faleristics. Ngamunye wabo has a emincane isihloko cwaningo. Numismatics izifundo imali yamaphepha (iphepha nensimbi), sphragistics - ukuphrinta, heraldry - elingenamikhono izingalo, faleristics - izinhlobo imiklomelo.

Kukhona elinye ihlandla - eyala zomlando ekhethekile. Lokhu umkhakha, okuyinto izingxenye ngempela ehlukile yesayensi zomlando. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - Archaeology. Kuyinto isayensi nemigomo yesevisi yayo kanye periodization futhi anhlobonhlobo emithonjeni impahla. Futhi zihlanganisa historiography ukuthi etadisha ukuthuthukiswa komlando njengoba isayensi. Kukhona ekhethekile zihlanganisa ezifana eyala yomlando ethnography, umthombo, geography zomlando. Ngokuvamile, incazelo yaleli gama isayensi kodwa hhayi simelane - isetshenziselwa esikhundleni igama elithi "ukwesekwa", futhi ukuba ukwazi ukuzithiba. mlando lunquma uzibuse isiyalo esithile.

Iqhaza eyala asizayo futhi ekhethekile ocwaningweni

Yini indima eyadlalwa eyala zomlando akhethekile asizayo ngo inqubo yokufunda umlando? Eqinisweni, amabhlogo wokwakha ezakha ulwazi zomlando. Noma yimuphi mlando professional kufanele uthole ulwazi ngempumelelo ukuhlola kwesikhathi esithile. Ngakho, uchwepheshe ngomlando Ephakathi kuzofuneka ukuthi sigcine Yokuhlaziya Imibhalo Yasendulo encani okuyindlela etadisha ebhaliwe wesandla ezikhumbuzo, sibanzi izifundo umthombo. Asizayo wesayensi zomlando ukusinika ulwazi, sibonga esizokhuluma kancane kancane ukwethula isithombe mazombe esikhathini esinikeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba khona imibhalo eyayikulo izikebhe izinto era of Kievan Rus ibonisa ukuthi ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kwakwandile, hhayi nje phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini, kodwa futhi phakathi kwabantu abavamile. Okwatholwa imithambo lasendulo ne izitembu ngcwaba labantu abayimizulane emaqeleni ezindawo oLwandle Olumnyama kungacacisa ukuthi isiqondiso ukuhweba, okuyinto lwenziwe ngabacwaningi Kubantu abayimizulane. Uhlu lozalo usinika ulwazi nokuzwelana phakathi Izicukuthwane, oxhumana ababusi dynastic. indima enkulu ucwaningo zomlando kunendima sengithi Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo ukutadisha izinhlelo emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwayo, besingeke siqhubeke senza nje ayikwazanga ukunquma ukulandelana kanye isikhathi sezenzakalo izincwadi zomlando.

Ngokuvamile, esigabeni sika-eyala ngokomlando asizayo futhi ekhethekile okunemibandela kakhulu. Phela, yilowo nalowo kubo iyingxenye yesayensi zomlando, ekusizeni ososayensi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi esedlule.