Ingubani - umbusi eGrisi lasendulo?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi Ancient Greece - i imbeleko wonke amazwe omhlaba yelinyenti. Kodwa kanye le isimiso sezombangazwe wazama out Greece nezinye izinhlobo zohulumeni. Engingakusho nje ukuthi emibhalweni yakhe, u-Aristotle, kanye nentando yeningi (ubiza polity wakhe), asikwenzi ebukhosini futhi amakhosi ohlanga. Noma yimuphi ukuphambuka yasebukhosini amandla Aristotle ngokuthi kobushiqela. Kuye ngendlela ethile kahulumeni ezamukelwe ngu okwamanje, umbusi yaseGrisi lasendulo kungawasiza anamagama ahlukene. Endabeni ngayinye, lezi-ke kwakuxhomeke imodi lapho abaphathi yezwe kwenziwa.

Crete-Mycenaean isikhathi

Mhlawumbe ngaphambi kwesikhathi wafunda ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, kukhona emuva ngeNkathi Yethusi Age. imibhalo Iyatholakala ukuphakamisa monarchical izimiso nokubusa ngalezo zinsuku. Umbusi eGreece yasendulo, yabizwa ngokuthi "Wanaka", okuyinto yahunyushwa ngokuthi "inkosi," "Nkosi," "inkosi." Kanye umbusi ophakeme, uhulumeni (mhlawumbe isiGungu) Kwakwenziwa basileus. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngezikhathi zokugcina izwi Basileus kusho 'inkosi'. Kodwa ekuqaleni ngesiGreki impucuko basileus ukuhambisana nezinye, imisebenzi nesizotha more ezihlobene nokuphathwa kanye ezindabeni zezempi.

Homer Epoch

I seSimbi eGreece, uhlobo olusha uhlelo setepolitiki - nezinqubomgomo. Ngalesi sikhathi, uHomer wabhala imisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo isikhumbuzo - "Iliad" futhi "Odyssey." Kule ncazelo yakhe yaseTroy neMpi zingatholakala eziningi amagama ababusi eGrisi lasendulo. Uhlu basileus, wayeseyitholile wathola amandla egcwele, nje enkulu ngokwanele. Kanye namakhosi amagama, ezifana no-Odysseus, Diomedes, Nestor, Achilles, futhi amakhosi oshiwo - Atreus, Labdakidy, neleides nabanye. Bonke ababusi eGrisi lasendulo babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli inzalo onkulunkulu. Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu ohlanga dynastic kulelizwe akwenzekanga.

isikhathi omashiqela

Ekuqaleni kwawo-namakhulu eminyaka th 7-6. BC. e. izinqubomgomo abaningi abanegunya sekudlule ezandleni omashiqela. Nye of them were abantu ngempela egqamile futhi yimpumelelo, okuyinto kamuva yayiyobizwa ngokuthi "ababusi eGrisi lasendulo." Amagama Periander, Pisistratus, Kypseli nabanye. Sici sici ngokuphathelene nabo bonke ababusi ngaleso sikhathi - the transience futhi esifushane amandla. Indlela kulesi sici kwaba biography of zikamashiqela noDiyonisiyu abusa Syracuse. Ukuze isikhundla owaleli autocrat wakhethwa phakathi nempi, kodwa ngemva isitha umaluju, noDiyonisiyu of Syracuse waqhubeka ebusa kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila.

archons

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka wentando yeningi Izinqubomgomo lizisho wahlanganyela ngokomthethosisekelo ukulawula master, futhi iye yakhipha uhlelo Archons. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi archon Greek - umbusi,, isikhulu. Elinye igama ezingase azibiza umbusi eGrisi lasendulo - ithegi. Ngokwesibonelo, eThessaly Yason Fersky kufanele waqamba yena tagom.

Iningi izinqubomgomo ukubunjwa wokubusa kwakhe angase abizwe ngezingadi noma yeningi noma oligarchic. Umehluko walala yokuthi emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi, ilungelo lokuvota babe zonke izakhamuzi khulula, ku oligarchic - abantu ephezulu ukuchuma ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo engokomfanekiso umholi ngaphandle kwekamu yeningi baba Pericles. Ithonya lakhe sasisikhulu kangangokuba emfanele isidlaliso zokuhlonipha ka "demagogue" okusho "umthetho phezu kwabantu." Nge leli zwi bathola isetshenziswe ngomqondo ongathandeki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa Pericles nithela isihloko demagogue wajabulela nenhlonipho okufanele.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa Greece ngu Aleksandrom Makedonskim ojenene bakhe - uDemetriyu kanye Antigonus - waqala ukubiza bazibeka njengamakhosi. Nge babe mithi nonkulunkulu bezinto ezingabonakali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukunqoba Roman bezwe zonke umbusi eGrisi lasendulo kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso yinkosi, futhi ungadlulisela igciwane amandla ngelungelo ngokulandelana.