Skobelev lesikhumbuzo e Moscow, umbhali yephrojekthi, usuku ukwakhiwa kanye nezizathu yokudilizwa. Jikelele Skobelev

Kukhona neze umuntu akalijwayele nezigigaba eziningi Jikelele Mikhail Skobelev. Wathatha iqhaza nokusebenza e Turkmenistan nesifunda Transcaspian, okuyiwona yena yanikezelwa Order of St George IV degree. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, athathwa Lovcen, Pleven, intamo, wavula eya Istanbul, ekhulula Bulgaria ejokeni Turkish. umlawuli Talented nanini ngililahle impi amakhono ezempi kanye isu Skobeleva kufanele kubhekwe ulingana Suvorov.

Ligalelo ukuthuthukiswa of the Empire, Russian kunzima overestimate. Wayengumuntu ngempela iqhawe lesizwe kanye ozithandayo, umholi omkhulu wempi kanye owaleli, kokuba nomzimba omncane indlela lempi maqondana amadoda akhe. Yini yokuthi ngemva ngokufa okudabukisayo abalimi Jikelele amamayela amabili kwenziwe lomngcwabo zakhe phezu kwezandla zabo ifa lomndeni Skobelevo. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe esifushane, Jikelele Skobelev sanqoba izimpi eziningi ukuze ezinhle lawobaba, ngoba ngalo immortalized isikhumbuzo esiyisikhumbuzo ku Tverskaya, okuyinto, ngeshwa, akazange ukuma isikhathi eside.

Fundraising for isikhumbuzo

Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-isikhumbuzo isikhumbuzo kubantwana Jikelele Skobelev baqala ukukhuluma 1907. Nokho, anawo emzini ayengenayo izimali ezidingekile ukwakhiwa yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba sokuzakhela isikhumbuzo Skobelev eMoscow amakhambi abantu - ngeminikelo yokuzithandela zezakhamuzi. Nge kwemvume umbusi iKomiti Skobelev laqala ukuhlela ukwakhiwa fundraising ngo-1908. Jikelele Skobelev, noma "White Jikelele" - ngakho uhlamvu lakhe lathiwa ngabantu bokholo ethile edlubhe yakhe emhlophe - iyisibonelo isibindi nokuzinikela ngenxa yezwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iminikelo okuqala ayengelona ijubane azinakwa eminyakeni emibili e-isikhwama ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo, kwakukhona kakade ruble ezingaphezu kuka-60 eziyinkulungwane.

Umncintiswano wokuthola iphrojekthi engcono

Kuze Meyi 25, 1910 labetibambile umncintiswano ezinkulu ukuze ukhethe iphrojekthi engcono. Kwaba khona abangu-27 Okugweda. Amajaji lalinabashumayeli abaklami eziyisithupha futhi amasosha ayisishiyagalolunye ababelandela ongukubonakaliswa okuyikonakona induna kwezikhathi nezehlakalo. IKhomishana, kwanqunywa ukumisa isikhumbuzo esiyisikhumbuzo yakhelwe ngu-Peter Alexandrovich Samonova. Owinile kwaba sombutho wezempi esiqiwini, futhi waba umqophi self-wafundisa. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kwaba umsebenzi wakhe "Ngokuba inkosi futhi Homeland" yaphuma phambili emncintiswaneni, ngokuvumelana amajaji. Lapho wonke amaphrojekthi ziye sibekwe obala umphakathi, kukhethwa iziphathimandla iye ambiguously zifinyelelwe izakhamuzi zedolobha.

Ngakho, abameleli besigaba engenhla, abaculi kanye abasebenzi art baye babonisa ukuthi lesikhumbuzo - amateur ngokuphelele kunganambitheki nezilimi okubi futhi akazange Samonova asolwa ngokwakha ukusebenzisa umqondo womunye, ethi isithombe ezidumile sathathwa njengesisekelo umbono ka Vasily Vereshchagin "Skobelev at Shipka". Kodwa abantu abavamile zaba isikhumbuzo angayithandi. Agasti 10, 1910 we 27 ongakhetha ezihlongozwayo iphrojekthi Samonova kuphela sikhethwe futhi ekugcineni egunyazelwe ukwenza ukwakhiwa ngesinqumo somthetho koMbusi uNicholas II.

ukwenza

I kungasaziwa we lesikhumbuzo, kanye zonke zethusi, egwadle isisekelo imisebenzi babegadwe Petersburg isitshalo zethusi A. Moran, ngokukhethekile, EP Gakeru. PA Samonov wasebenza izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto, nsuku zonke, wedlula njengoba ezingxenyeni ezihlukene yokukhiqiza Foundries. Umsebenzi lapho kuvezwa Skobelev lesikhumbuzo e Moscow, nombhali waphela Mashi 21, 1912. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le umqophi wakwazi ukwakha injomani lomgadi walo, amasosha 14, 11 bas-imifanekiso esibonisa nezigigaba eziningi kumlawuli, futhi 4 isibani. Njengoba masinyane wayesebenza endaweni yokukhanda. Umlando ukuchaza lesikhumbuzo ukuze 7 amayadi angu ukuphakama nesisindo 450 amakhilogremu.

Juni 5, 1911 i-kwase kubekwe isisekelo ikusasa lesikhumbuzo, indawo lapho kukhona uMbusi uNicholas II, ngubani njengoba futhi ube wavusa impikiswano. Kwase kubekwe isisekelo ku Tverskaya Square, nakuba ongakhetha izipesheli yokuhlala phezu Theatre, Lubyanka Square Lubyanskiy epaki. Metropolitan uVladimir ephethwe odwendweni Cross lahlelwa kulesi senzakalo, futhi emenza ukuba ibeke isisekelo, mathupha efakwe itshe kuqala isisekelo.

Ukuvulwa kwe-Skobelev lesikhumbuzo e Moscow, 1912

Juni 24, 1912 kwakunezingxenye ngokuyinhloko lokuhalalisa. Wawuthatha ngesikhathi kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Jikelele Skobelev. Laliqhele komgwaqo uhulumeni Jikelele Tverskaya Square. Kwaba kulo mongo uqambe kabusha endaweni Skobelevskaya.

E-Moscow, ngalesosikhathi kusukela ekuseni sasihlangana izikhulu phezulu edolobheni kanye nezwe, abantu abanegama amasiko wonke labangane iqhawe-nomyali. Ngesikhathi wokuvula abezile Skobeleva dade bomzala bakhe. Lomgubho senzeke emva udwendwe nokuthandaza inkonzo.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo ngokushesha waba yindawo ozithandayo izakhamuzi nezivakashi. It is ihlelwe ababemzungezile zonke imibuthano futhi emihlanganweni, kwathi lapho izikhulumi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wamemezela izinkulumo yokushisekela izwe.

incazelo

Bronze Ukwakheka Skobelev lesikhumbuzo e Moscow kwaba esifanekisweni imitha ezine-we mgibeli wehhashi kokuba ezimbili ukwesekwa esisekelweni ka legwadle ukukhanya-grey imilenze ezingemuva ihhashi.

Nhlangothi zombili Jikelele Skobelev babe amaqembu amabili amasosha abaqotho. Ohlangothini kwesokunxele umgibeli ayebekwe amasosha ukuvikela ifulegi empini elise-Asia Ephakathi. Ohlangothini lwesokunene kwathiwa immortalized ngamabutho ezazilwa induna wenkululeko lwamaSlav phakathi nempi Russian-Turkish. 11 Imifanekiso ipherimitha ekhombisa ngokuvamile nezigigaba izimpi babe izintaba ezenile Plevny ngaphansi Khiva Storming Geok Tepe nezinye impi nobuqhawe. Ohlangothini reverse of the lesikhumbuzo yafakwa Skobeleva yokuvalelisa azinikwa amasosha akhe ngesikhathi sempi Plevna.

Izizathu ukubhidlizwa

Okthoba kuvukela ahlomile ngo-1917 yasishintsha inkambo yomlando, izinto eziza kuqala futhi kwaba ephendula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani lesikhumbuzo kudilizwe Skobelev eMoscow. Endaweni yokubusa kwamakhosi weza ngqo lamakhomanisi, okuyinto nakanjani bangakwazi nokunyakaza yeziNguquko zonke izimboni kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Mashi 12, 1918 inhlokodolobha ngokusemthethweni lisuswe kusuka Petrograd eMoscow. Ngo isidingo esuke isigcwele kakade futhi izindlu ezingcono ahlela ukuthuthela inhlokodolobha Unezinceku ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 100 komphakathi kanye nemindeni yabo. Evele ke wema umbuzo ukubekwa ehhovisi. Phakathi izenzakalo ekwindla ezibiyele yayilawulwa babhujiswe futhi ngaleso sikhathi lalisalungiswa. Ngakho-ke wanquma ukubeka eMoscow City Council endlini ezwe elaliyi umbusi-jikelele, futhi ngqo phambi okuyinto lesikhumbuzo lamiswao "White Jikelele".

Ngesisekelo ekwakhekeni Yezinguquko uhulumeni omusha Apreli 12, 1918 bamukela isiqondiso "Ngo ukususwa namatshe ezikhumbuzo ukuze badunyiswe zamakhosi kanye nezisebenzi." Ngokwemvelo, lesikhumbuzo ukuze hero edlubhe izingubo ezimhlophe, itholakala khona phambi GABA, kwahlanganiswa uhlu Ukudilizwa nalehleliwe izikhumbuzo umbuso tsarist futhi Skobelevskaya Square e Moscow ngokushesha uqambe Soviet.

Ukudilizwa lesikhumbuzo

May 1, 1918 zonke izingxenye, kuhlanganise bas-Imifanekiso futhi izibani acekelwa phansi lithi wanqunywa, bathuthela egcekeni eMoscow Soviet, bese zithunyelwa smelter. I wawenziwa imiyalelo kukaLenin siqu yi "Goujon", manje - ". Hammer Sickle" I isinyathelo egwadle Finnish enganikanga yimuphi umphumela. Isikhathi sokuqala yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo induna enkulu okhulumayo. Khona-ke, ngobusuku Septhemba 11, komzamo senziwa ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa i isinyathelo, okuyinto wahlupheka ngenxa isakhiwo eMoscow City Council mbumbulu kanye ehhotela "Dresden". Ezinyangeni le isinyathelo amabhomu izingxenye, futhi ukuqhuma yesihlanu labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ngesikhashana nje endaweni efanayo kwakhiwa ezintsha - Itshe esingunxantathu soMthethosisekelo wokuqala wase-USSR. Futhi ngo-1954 lapho salandelwa lesikhumbuzo Yuriyu Dolgorukomu, ezifanayo design lesikhumbuzo Skobelev.

Imemori hero

Uquketheni Russian umphakathi samasosha zomlando ngo-2014 kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo Mihailu Skobelevu futhi ibekwe ku Moscow. Ngalesi sikhathi phambi Academy e-General Assembly Abasebenzi Armed Forces. umlawuli Ehlakaniphile ihlala ehhashini, njengoba ezinsukwini ubudala, kodwa manje phezu imitha ayisishiyagalombili-granite isinyathelo. Njengoba ngaphambili, ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ngaphandle iminikelo. umklamo Project kanye umkhiqizo wahlanganyela umqophi Alexander Rukavishnikov.