Sezulu Arctic. Nature futhi iqhwa lase-Arctic

Arctic esifundeni kwendawo Zomhlaba, eyakhelene isigxobo enyakatho. Amanzi indawo besifunda ihlanganisa izingxenye amanzi zonke izilwandle ngaphandle Indian. Futhi kule ndawo ngokomzimba-ezindawo zihlanganisa ohlangothini zamazwekazi eNyakatho neMelika eYurophu nase-Asia. Ngu ndawo, e-Arctic kunesithembiso square metres abangaba yizigidi ezingu-27. km. Wik ingxenye Indawo ehlanganiswa emathafeni esingaweleki.

I zezilwane nezimila

sezulu Arctic liyaziwa namandla aso. Yingakho kule ndawo flora imelelwa moss, utshani, ulele futhi ukhula notshani. Lapha, izinga lokushisa ongaphakeme, ngisho ehlobo. Lokhu kubangela ezihlukahlukene ezifana okuncane izitshalo. Ngo-Arctic azikho izihlahla noma nemisayipuresi, nezihlahla into encane nje. Iningi ezweni kuthatha ehlane ezingaphili. Okuwukuphela imbali kuyinto poppy polar.

Izwe isilwane kancane ocebile ngaphezulu zinhlobo. Lapha siphile nonogwaja, kanye nezinyamazane zasendle, nasezindaweni ezibandayo namabhere. Laba bameleli be-ezingavamile kakhulu nezilwane abayizimvu bighorn futhi must inkabi, kanye hamster kancane ubuka, lemming. Kulaba carnivores ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa nezimpisi nezimpungushe. amabhere uthanda inyama Izilwane Marine izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhaya ukuze ochakide wolverines, futhi eside-tailed phansi izingwejeje esifundeni arctic. Iningi izinyoni esidlekeni nezimfunda. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo ezifudukayo. Amanzi Arctic kuhlala walruses nezimvu zamanzi, kanye narwhals, imikhomo beluga killer nama baleen imikhomo.

lokushisa ukufundwa

Omunye izingxenye kakhulu abandayo nezineqhwa zomhlaba kubhekwa Arctic. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa lapha akuvamile kunqoba zero degrees. Kule ndawo, kukhona ongaphakeme emisebeni ibhalansi. Egajwe izinguzunga zeqhwa, iqhwa ehlane, emathafeni kwezimila.

Ebusika, ngenyanga olufudumele Januwari. Amazinga isilinganiso e-Arctic, kulokhu ububanzi phakathi -2 kanye -5 degrees. amanzi eduze kukhona ukubanda kakhulu kunalokho emoyeni. Esikhathini Sea uBarents izinga lokushisa -25 degrees C, Greenland kanye Chukotka - ukuba -36 ° C, Canadian kanye eSiberia Basin - phansi -50 degrees C. rates ephansi kuyagcinwa ezonini enyakatho kwendawo. Lapho, okushisa ngokuvamile ukufinyelela -60 degrees. sezulu Arctic angashintsha noma iziphi sibonga isikhashana ngempumelelo zasezindaweni ezijulile efudumele. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa Ukwanda 7-10 degrees C. Ehlobo, amazinga aphakeme 2 ... + 3 degrees C.

sezulu anomalies

izinkomba Meteorological endaweni Glacial kule minyaka embalwa iminyaka engamakhulu baye babhekana iyehla iyenyuka abalulekile. Singasho ukuthi isimo sezulu Arctic siyashintsha. Lena inkinga zomhlaba isikali ongenawo isixazululo.

Kule minyaka 600 eminyakeni ke uboné isigamu-kweshumi ukufudumala abalulekile, okuyinto kungithinte yonke le mbulunga. Phakathi nalezo iyehla iyenyuka sezulu kungenziwa kulandelwe cataclysms global, akwazi ukulimaza zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isimo sezulu ye-Arctic kuthinta ijubane ukujikeleza planethi jikelele kwegazi ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi gxuma sina Meteorological ezonini glacial kumele kwenzeke e-2030. Ngisho umthelela sakugcina kakhulu kuyoba lebalulekile iplanethi. Iqiniso lokuthi ukufundwa lokushisa e-Arctic enyuka njalo nje ngonyaka. Futhi Dynamics izinguquko kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule kuye kwanda ngamaphesenti izikhathi 2. Kwembulunga abukhali kuzoholela ukushabalala zonke zezimila nabameleli abaningi nezilwane esifundeni.

Nature ye-Arctic

amanzi Relief - heterogeneous, gnarly. Eliphawuleka kakhulu kuyinto eshalofini yezwekazi iziqhingi esemgwaqweni kolwandle ezifana uBarents Sea, amaChukchi, Laptev, Kara kanye eSiberia. yacindezeleka kakhulu kakhulu abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-umcengezi Arctic - ezingaphezu kuka-5.5 km. Ngokuphathelene nesimo sendawo umhlaba, kuba ikakhulukazi flat.

Ubunjalo Arctic linothe kakhulu kwezokumbiwa. Okokuqala, kungcono uwoyela negesi. Ngo-Arctic, lezi lemali ongakasetshenzwa ongalingani amandla. Kulinganiselwa owandulelayo ochwepheshe, kukhona angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-90 imiphongolo kawoyela. Nokho, isizinda kwezinsiza kule ndawo kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo kuyingozi ngokombono imvelo embulungeni yonke. Endabeni i kukawoyela ukuqeda ingozi cishe akunakwenzeka ngoba kwamagagasi aphakeme, zeqhwa eziningi futhi inkungu ekhasa.

iqhwa lase-Arctic

Njengoba yaziwa, amanzi esifundeni sika Ugcwalise zeqhwa letingemasayizi lahlukene. Nokho, e-Arctic, lapho kuthiwa okuthiwa ice cap, eveza kakhulu elangeni. Yingakho iplanethi akuyona iyazifudumeza lokushisa esibucayi.

Asikwazi sibeke ngokuqiniseka ukuthi iqhwa lase-Arctic udlala indima ebalulekile zaba khona ekuphileni Emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilawula nokusakazwa amanzi olwandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kule minyaka engu-25 edlule, i-iqhwa lase-Arctic Sehle ngo ezintathu kwezine isisindo ingqikithi. Namuhla, cap ihlanganisa wonke ezingu-5,1 metres square. km. Nokho, lokhu akwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Earth is hhayi sekuqala ukufudumala kanye futhi ngokushesha njalo ngonyaka.

Deadband linqotshiwe

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, e-Arctic sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi indawo oyinyumba lapho abantu abakwazi ukusinda izinsuku ezimbalwa. Noma kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la manga kwaze kwaphela. Ekhulwini le-16 ngenxa eside isikhathi umsebenzi, okuyinto eyenziwa nabahloli bamazwe isiRashiya, ibalazwe lokuqala e-Arctic Ocean iye iyawakha. Ngo-1937, e-Arctic nabasebenza Baydukova izindiza kanye Chkalov yayiqhutshelwa.

Namuhla, lesi sifunda kukhona eziningana iziteshi ukukhukhuleka phezu floes ice. Izakhiwo angenele a izindlu ezincane elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye ezikhethekile imishini ucwaningo.