Sergiy Radonezhsky - Biography. Sergiy Radonezhsky - weminyaka engu engu-700. Izenzo ka Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Abaningi bethu bazi ngokuhlangenwe ngobani Sergiy Radonezhsky. Umlando wakhe Kuyathakazelisa abantu abaningi, ngisho nalabo ababona neze esontweni. Wasungula eduze eMoscow zintathu Monastery (njengamanje zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra), kwenza lukhulu kulo ibandla Russian. ONgcwele babemthanda lokhokho bakhe futhi eziningi umzamo wagqoka ukuze asize abantu bakhe sisinde kuzo zonke izinhlekelele. Safunda ngokuphila St imibhalo yesandla ngenxa yabangane bakhe nabafundi. Umsebenzi Epifaniya Mudrogo ngokuthi "The Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo," ebhala ekuqaleni kwekhulu xv, kuyinto umthombo wokwaziswa owusizo mayelana nokuphila saint. Zonke lonke wesandla, eyavela kamuva, kukhona ingxenye enkulu, ukucutshungulwa izinto zakhe.

Indawo nesikhathi lokuzalwa

Akwaziwa nini futhi kuphi yazalwa saint esizayo. umfundi wakhe Epiphanius Ohlakaniphile Ekuphileni Kukamalusi lo uMfundisi izinkulumo ngakho ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izazi-mlando abhekene nenkinga enzima ukuhumusha ulwazi. Ukutadisha imisebenzi yesonto kwekhulu XIX futhi izichazamazwi, kwatholakala ukuthi usuku lokuzalwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo, cishe - kuyinto May 3, 1319. Nokho, abanye ososayensi sithambekele nezinye izinsuku. Indawo esiqondile kokuzalwa kwengane noBartolomewu (igama saint emhlabeni) kubuye engaziwa. Epiphanius the Hlakaniphile ibonisa ukuthi uyise igama monk kwakungu uCyril, nonina - Mary. Ngaphambi ukuthuthela Radonezh behlala e Rostov ubukhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi wazalwa St Sergiy Radonezhsky edolobhaneni Varnita ku Rostov esifundeni. Ngezinye ubhapathizo umfana wanikezwa uBartolomewu. Abazali okuthiwa kwakhe behlonipha umPhostoli noBartolomewu.

Ebuntwaneni nezimangaliso kuqala

Emkhayeni, abazali noBartolomewu, wazala amadodana amathathu. iqhawe lethu ngimntwana yesibili. Amabili kubafowabo, uStephen uPetru, kwakuyizingane ezingaphansi smyshlonymi. Ngokushesha yingcweti kufundza nekubhala, bafunda ukuzifundela nokubhala. Kodwa noBartolomewu cwaningo enganikanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abahlukunyeziwe ngabazali bakhe, wazama ukubonisana nathishela, le nsizwa ayikwazanga ukufunda ukufunda, futhi izincwadi ongcwele ayengamakhulu ezingafinyeleleki kuvisisa yakhe. Bese isimangaliso kwenzeka masinyane wayeyazi incwadi noBartolomewu, lo saint esizayo Sergiy Radonezhsky. Umlando wakhe eyabonisa indlela ukholo kuNkulunkulu kuyasiza sinqobe kwezimo zokuphila ezinzima. Mayelana emangalisayo nauchenii ekukwati kufundza nekubhala umfana wathi ku yakhe 'Ukuphila' Epiphanius the Hlakaniphile. Uthi noBartolomewu eside futhi wathandaza ngokusuka enhliziyweni, ngicela uNkulunkulu ukuba ukumsiza ukuba afunde ukufunda nokubhala, ukukwazi imiBhalo. Futhi ngelinye ilanga, lapho ubaba Kirill wathumela indodana yakhe ukubheka yenziwe amadlelo emfuyo amahhashi, noBartolomewu wabona ixhegu ngaphansi kwesihlahla endaweni chasuble abamnyama. Lo mfana izinyembezi utshele saint mayelana ukungakwazi lakhe lokufunda futhi wacela ongamthandazela phambi kukaJehova. Umdala wamtshela ukuthi kusukela kulolu suku umfana wazi kangcono kunabazali abafowabo idiploma kubo. St noBartolomewu ababemenyelwe endlini yabazali bakhe. Ngaphambi ukuvakasha kwazo, baya esontweni, lapho lo mfana ngaphandle kokungabaza ukufunda hubo. Khona-ke yena, waphuthuma nge isivakashi sakhe kuze kube abazali, ukuze ajabulise zona. UCyril Mary osezwile mayelana isimangaliso waqala ukudumisa iNkosi. Umbuzo umdala mayelana ukuthi lezi zinto zisho into isimanga, bathola kusukela isivakashi ukuthi indodana yabo noBartolomewu kwaphawulwa Nkulunkulu esibelethweni. Ngakho lapho uMariya bafika ngaphambi nje kokuba abelethe esontweni, ingane esibelethweni sikamama ngokujovwa amemeza kathathu, lapho abangcwele ukucula izimfundiso. Le ndaba Epifaniya Mudrogo kubonakala esithombeni umdwebi Nesterov sika "Umbono Young noBartolomewu".

Eyokuqala nezigigaba

Yini enye iphawulwe ingane St Sergiy Radonezhsky e izindaba Epiphany the Hlakaniphile? Abafundi St. libike ukuthi iminyaka ngisho nangaphambi 12 ubudala noBartolomewu igcinwe ukudla okuqinile. On ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu, akadlanga lutho, futhi ngezinye izinsuku badla isinkwa namanzi kuphela. Ebusuku le nsizwa, evame ukulala, echitha isikhathi umthandazo. Konke lokhu kwaba isihloko impikiswano phakathi kwabazali bomfana. Maria udidekile lezi nezigigaba lokuqala indodana yakhe.

Izindawo e Radonezh

Ngokushesha, umndeni kukaCyril noMariya mpofu. Baphoqeleka ukuthuthela emzini Radonezh. Kwathi eneminyaka cishe engu-1328-1330. Akwaziwa nokuthi kungani lo mkhaya mpofu. Kwakuyisikhathi sekukaningi eRussia, okuyinto lalibuswa iGolden zidlamlilo. Kodwa hhayi kuphela AmaTatar ke inkunzi abantu sokubhekakade ezweni lethu, ngokugcizelela inkokhiso zayo babulawa futhi ethelekela njalo ku komnikazi. Tatar-Mongol khans ngokwabo wakhetha okuyinto wezikhulu Russian lokubusa endaweni ubukhulu ezithile. Futhi kwaba okungenani novivinyo kuso sonke isizwe kuka ayehlasela Golden zidlamlilo. Ngempela, "ukhetho" enjalo yahambisana udlame olubhekiswe sabantu. Lokhu ngokuvamile etshela yena Sergiy Radonezhsky. Umlando wakhe - sibonelo esigqamile ngobukelemu kwenzekani ngaleso sikhathi e-Russia. Ubukhulu of Rostov wamuka Grand UMbusi eMoscow, Ivan Danilovich. Uyise saint esizayo kubuthwe eRostov ukuze Radonezh umndeni, ukufuna ukuvikela ngokwabo kanye nabathandekayo kusukela ukuphanga kanye nezidingo.

ukuphila Izigodlo

Lapho kungenxa othile kwakukhona ukuzalwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo alwaziwa. Kodwa sizwa ngqo ngomlando esengumntwana nangesikhathi ukuphila bobusha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi, njengoba ingane, wathandaza ngokujulile ezaziwayo. Lapho ephenduka 12, wanquma ukuthatha izifungo Izigodlo. UCyril uMariya akazange amelane. Nokho, babeka indodana isimo: abe indela kwaze kwaba ngemva kokufa kwabo. Ngemva noBartolomewu ekugcineni waba ukwesekwa yedwa nokusekelwa kwasebekhulile. Ngesikhathi UPetru nomfowabo Stefan usuqalile imikhaya yabo futhi ihlale ngokwahlukana abazali asebekhulile. Angizange kudingeke silinde lomfana ngokushesha uCyril uMary washona. Ngaphambi kokufa bona, ngokwesiko langaleso sikhathi eRussia, sathatha izifungo Izigodlo kuqala, bese-schema. Ngemva kokufa kwabazali babo, noBartolomewu waya Khotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery. Lapho, wathatha izifungo Izigodlo umfowabo, uStefanu, wayeseyitholile ongumfelokazi. Hhayi isikhathi eside, kwakunabazalwane. Ukulwela ukuba "uhlelo eqinile ekuphileni Izigodlo", bona wasungula lomfula Konchury ezingwadule. Lapho, phakathi umuntu oyisithulu Radonezh boron, e 1335 noBartolomewu wakha ibandla elincane lokhuni, ogama lakhe behlonipha zintathu Ongcwele. Manje endaweni ayo, lumelela esontweni lombhishobhi -zintathu Ongcwele. Ngokushesha, uMfoweth 'Stefan kuhanjiswe ku Epiphany Monastery, ayikwazi ukuthwala indlela ezincisha injabulo kakhulu futhi olukhuni zokuphila ehlathini. Endaweni entsha, khona-ke kumelwe abe wesigodlo. NoBartolomewu, washiya konke wedwa, uye wabiza Mitrofan wesigodlo wathatha izifungo. Manje, wayaziwa nangokuthi monk uSergiyu. Ngesikhathi impilo yakhe eneminyaka engu-23 ubudala. Ngokushesha uSergiyu zathuthelekela izindela. At the site ibandla Isigodlo kwamiswa, okuyinto namuhla okubizwa ngokuthi uZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Ubaba uSergiyu kwaba wesigodlo yesibili lapha (lowokuqala kwakungu Mitrofan). Abaphathi abangabafundi bakhe isibonelo ngokuzimisela okukhulu nangokuzikhandla ukuthobeka. Monk Sergiy Radonezhsky akakaze izipho ezivela besonto nezindela sinqatshiwe ukwenza kanjalo, yokushaya zibukhoma izithelo zomsebenzi wezandla zabo. Inkazimulo sezindela kanye wesigodlo yayo sakhula futhi ifinyelele edolobheni waseConstantinople. WamaSonto uMphathi weSonto Filofei nge lenxusa ekhethekile eyathunyelelwa esiphambanweni St uSergiyu, schema, futhi incwadi paraman, okuyinto uncome i-wesigodlo we PILO belulekwa ukungena esigodlweni e Kin. Ukulalela lezi zincomo, wesigodlo ka Radonezh busuka sezindela obschinnozhitelny yakhe maphepha. Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yamukelwa zezindela eziningi zaseRussia.

insizakalo wobaba

Kuyinto kakhulu ewusizo kakhulu futhi kuhle Motherland babo abazenza Sergiy Radonezhsky. iminyaka engu-700th ezalwa lugujwa kulo nyaka. D. A. Medvedev njengomengameli we Russian Federation ngemvume isimemezelo ku ekugubheni lo sikhumbuleke futhi okunenjongo lonke usuku Russian. Kungani unamathisele ubaluleke kakhulu ukuPhila saint ezingeni wombuso? Isimo eyinhloko ayenganqobeki futhi bangasephula wonke amazwe - ebunyeni abantu bayo. It is kahle kakhulu waqonda ngesikhathi uBaba uSergiyu. Kuyacaca futhi kucace ukuthi osopolitiki bethu namuhla. Kahle imisebenzi yokugcinwa we saint. Ngakho, ofakazi bokuzibonela umangalele ukuthi uSergiyu abamnene, amazwi ethule ayikwazanga ukuthola indlela yabo ukuba inhliziyo wanoma yimuphi umuntu, kuthinte izinhliziyo ezibuhlungu kanye anolaka, ebiza abantu ukuthula nokulalela. Ngokuvamile saint kwadingeka ukuba avumelanise kwamaqembu alwayo. Ngakho, wathuma wabiza iziphathamandla Russian babumbane, ukudebeselela zonke umehluko, futhi bazilalele iziphathimandla of isikhulu eMoscow. kamuva kwaba isimo esiyinhloko ukukhululwa ejokeni Tatar-amaMongol. umnikelo ngokuthi ukunqoba Russian e Battle of Kulikov wenza Sergiy Radonezhsky. Sitshele kafushane mayelana kungenzeki. Grand Duke Dmitri, ubani kamuva baba isidlaliso of Don, ngaphambi ukulwa wafika saint yokuthandaza futhi ecela iseluleko, kungenzeka ukuba nimelane ibutho Russian ongamesabiyo uNkulunkuluj. Orda Khan Mamai wabutha ibutho elingaphandle, kanye nazo zonke ukugqilaza abantu yeRussia. Abantu yezwe lenkaba yethu zagqitshwa ukwesaba okukhulu. Phela, akekho oye kodwa ukwazile ukushaya ibutho isitha. St uSergiyu kubuza isikhulu waphendula ngokuthi ukuvikela ezweni - ke iyamjabulisa uNkulunkulu, futhi ambusise ngoba impi enkulu. Nge ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili, Baba Dmitry wabikezela ukunqoba Tatar khan ukubuyela ekhaya ngokuphepha ngenkazimulo umkhululi. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, lapho Grand Duke wabona bayibutho inqwaba isitha, akukho kuyo bathuthumela. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi siyonqoba esizayo, okuyiwona eye wazibusisa uMfundisi uSergiyu.

Lezindela eSt

Sergiya Radonezhskogo Unyaka kugujwa 2014. Ikakhulukazi nemikhosi emikhulu kulesi senzakalo, kufanele silindele ukuba isekelwe emasontweni zezindela. Ngaphezu ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra, St esakhiwe zezindela ezilandelayo:

• Annunciation e Kirzhach le uVladimir Region;

• Vysotsky Monastery e Serpukhov;

• Old-Golutvin ngasedolobheni Kolomna esifundeni Moscow;

• George Monastery eMfuleni Klyazma.

Kuzo zonke lezi zezindela abbots Kukhona ababe ngabafundi St uSergiyu uyise. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, abalandeli izimfundiso zakhe yasungulwa ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 zezindela.

izimangaliso

Life Sergiya Radonezhskogo, eyabhalwa ngumfundi wakhe Epiphanius Ohlakaniphile, kusitshela ukuthi ngesikhathi sakhe lo Umphathi zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra senza imisebenzi eminingi yamandla. imihlola UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki ephelezelwa saint kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Eyokuqala sihlobene sokuzalwa kwakhe okuyisimangaliso. Lena indaba ohlakaniphe ngendlela ingane esibelethweni sikaMariya, unina saint, ngesikhathi senkonzo ethempelini amemeza kathathu. Futhi wezwa bonke abantu abangekho kulo. Eyesibili isimangaliso - lomfana noBartolomewu yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. okusekhasini kwathiwa ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla. Ngisho azi diva ezinjalo, ezihambisana nokuphila saint: nokuvuka imithandazo elineminyaka uBaba uSergiyu. ukutholakala kwendoda eyodwa elungileyo ababenokholo oluqinile saint wayakhe eduze sezindela. indodana yakhe kuphela, umfana ezincane kwaba abanamanxeba abulalayo iyagula. Ubaba baletha ingane ngezingalo zakhe yokuhlala ongcwele ukuze uSergiyu, ukuthi wathandazela yokutakula kwakhe. Kodwa le nsizwa, wafa ngenkathi uyise yenza isicelo sayo kuze wesigodlo. uyise lusizi waya ukulungiselela lomngcwabo, uma sikubeka umzimba sendodana yakhe. A saint uSergiyu wathandaza ngobuqotho. Futhi isimangaliso kwenzeka masinyane umfana waba ngophilayo. Uma usizi yabulala uyise bamthola umntwana uyaphila, wawa ngasezinyaweni monk, enikela udumo. Futhi wesigodlo wamtshela avuke ngamadolo, ethi akukho simangaliso lapha: insizwa kwakubanda futhi ebuthaka, lapho uyise zamyisa esigodlweni sezindela, futhi iseli efudumele sekuqala ukufudumala futhi baqala ukuthutha. Kodwa lo muntu wayeyigqolozele akavumanga. Weza akholelwa ukuthi St uSergiyu wembula isimangaliso. Namuhla kukhona okuningi abagxeki abakungabazayo ukuthi indela Wayenza izimangaliso. incazelo yabo incike isikhundla ngemibono of utolika. Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu kude ukholo kuNkulunkulu, ukungaqedeli ukugxila ulwazi olufana mayelana izimangaliso saint, abawatholayo ehlukile, enengqondo kakhudlwana. Kodwa abaningi ukulandwa abathembekile ukuphila nazo zonke izenzakalo ezihlobene uSergiyu, ke anencazelo ekhethekile ngokomoya. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungu esonto abaningi ethandazela izingane zabo ukuba baqonde incwadi, lihunyushwe futhi ngempumelelo kudlule izivivinyo emnyango. Phela, lo mfana noBartolomewu, Ngokuzayo saint uSergiyu, ekuqaleni futhi eyasehlula ngisho izisekelo yokufunda. Ukunxusa eqotho kuphela kuNkulunkulu kwaholela eqinisweni uJesu enza isimangaliso esikulu kwenzeka lapho lo mfana afunda ukufunda ngendlela emangalisayo.

Old ngobudala Smer Monk

Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo presents i feat engakaze ibonwe ukukhonza uNkulunkulu wobaba kithi. It is ukuthi bukhoma ukuguga ezaziwayo. Lapho walala lapho esezokufa, silindele ukuthi maduze ngeke esaba ku ukwahlulela kukaNkulunkulu, okokugcina wabiza abafowabo ukuze kufundiswe. Abafundi bakhe wabiza ngaphezu kwakho konke "babe ukwesaba uNkulunkulu" futhi banikeze abantu "ukuhlanzeka umphefumulo futhi bathande unfeigned." Abbot wafa Septhemba 25, 1392. Wembelwa Holy Trinity Cathedral.

ukuhlonipha Monk

Abukho ubufakazi bodokotela nini futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo, abantu baqala ukubona nje ukuthi uSergiyu. Ezinye izazi oyikholelwayo ukuthi Umphathi Holy Trinity Monastery ukuthi abagcotshwa eminyakeni 1449-1450. Khona-ke uthando lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala Metropolitan uJona ukuba Dmitry Shemyaka Primate we Russian Church ubiza uMfundisi uSergiyu, uhlukanise ku-Priory, kanye saint. Kodwa zikhona ezinye izinguqulo nokunxusa kwakhe. Usuku Sergiya Radonezhskogo kugujwa 5 (18) ka-July. Ngalolo suku, wabhekisela emibhalweni Pahomiya Logofeta. Kulo, usitshela indaba ngalolo suku atholakele izinsalela saint okukhulu. Kuwo wonke umlando-zintathu Cathedral, lo shrine ushiye izindonga kuphela endabeni ibe usongo olukhulu kusukela ngaphandle. Ngakho, imililo ezimbili ezenzeka 1709 futhi 1746, okubangelwa kokususwa izinsalela ongcwele sezindela. Lapho amabutho Russian kwesokunxele inhlokodolobha ngesikhathi sokuhlasela French eholwa uNapoleon, izinsalela St uSergiyu baphuthunyiswe St uCyril-Belozersky Monastery. Ngo-1919, uhulumeni yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu abanomqondo ofanayo wase-USSR wakhipha isinqumo ku kuvulwa izinsalela saint. Ngemva akusiyo iyamjabulisa uNkulunkulu lwenziwe, izinsalela bathunyelwa Sergievskaya lomlando Art Museum njengoba umbukiso. Okwamanje, izinsalela saint agcinwa ku Holy Trinity Cathedral. Zikhona nezinye imemori usuku wesigodlo yayo. Septhemba 25 (October 8), - usuku Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Lena usuku Phumula yakhe. Futhi bakhumbule uSergiyu 6 (19), lapho bonke abangcwele kukhona izindela lodumo ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra.

Amathempeli behlonipha St.

Omunye abangcwele liyahlonishwa kakhulu eRussia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kubhekwa Sergiy Radonezhsky. Umlando wakhe igcwele amaqiniso inkonzo ongenabugovu kuNkulunkulu. Wanikezela amathempeli amaningi. E-Moscow wedwa, selibalelwa 67. Phakathi kwabo kukhona iSonto St uSergiyu ka Radonezh e Bibirevo, Cathedral Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Vysokopetrovsky sezindela isonto Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Wren nabanye. Abaningi babo esukela emuva le XVII-XVIII eminyaka. Kukhona amabandla amaningi futhi ababhishobhi ezindaweni ezahlukene ezweni lakithi: uVladimir, Tula, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Smolensk nokunye. Kukhona ngisho sezindela phesheya futhi engcwele, eyasungulwa ngo-yokudumisa usanta. Phakathi kwabo ibandla St uSergiyu ka Radonezh eGoli eNingizimu Afrika kanye Monastery Sergiya Radonezhskogo e Rumija naseMontenegro.

izithombe Monk

Kubalulekile nokukhumbula imifanekiso abaningi wadala yokudumisa usanta. Umsolwa omdala ngomfanekiso wakhe - kuyinto umgubuzelo efekethisiwe, wenza ekhulwini xv. Manje useneminyaka engu-e sacristy ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke usebenza Andreya Rubleva - "Isithonjana St uSergiyu ka Radonezh", okuyinto iqukethe 17 izitembu we Life of the saint. Ubhale ngezenzakalo eziphathelene Umphathi Holy Trinity Monastery kuyinto imifanekiso nje kuphela kodwa futhi izithombe. Phakathi abaculi Soviet lapha iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa M. V Nesterova. Akwaziwa umsebenzi wakhe: "iziNyathelo ka Sergiya Radonezhskogo", "Youth St. uSergiyu," "Umbono Young noBartolomewu".

Sergiy Radonezhsky. Umlando Omfushane kuye sekunzima ukutshela yeka ukuthi wayeziqhenya kangakanani indoda okungavamile, kangakanani akwenzela lakubo. Ngakho-ke, siye sagxila ekwenzeni ngcono izimpilo zabantu abangcwele, imininingwane yayo zithathwa ikakhulukazi umsebenzi umfundi wakhe Epiphanius the Hlakaniphile.