Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) - Ummeleli we neoclassicism in umdwebo French. Ngemva kwesikhathi Baroque ngisho sangempela futhi engenangqondo Rococo igama elisha kwaba ukubuya malula lasendulo ekhulwini XVIII. Omele ovelele esikoleni esisha kwaba uDavide.
A amazwi ambalwa mayelana isitayela bokubeka umdwebi
Owaqala ukusebenza ngaphansi kwethonya F. Boucher ukhokhe izikweletu Rococo kobuhle umculi abasha baya eRoma futhi emuva ukuphuma kuso, egcwele nakho ezintsha kanye nemibono. Yena wamnaka zokuziphatha ubuqhawe izindaba zasendulo, izithombe banganhlanhlatsi. ERoma, wabhala: "Le Izifungo we Horatii" ngo-1784. Lo msebenzi waba yisibonelo iningi abaculi abazizwa call of the izikhathi. ngentshiseko yakhe yokutholwa eRoma futhi Paris. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izici imishini, ngalo uzosebenzisa isikhathi eside:
- izibalo abahloniphekile izinto ongaphambili.
- Isizinda yakhelwe umthunzi kubo. Sebenzisa imibala emnyama noma zibuthuntu esiqinile.
- Ukwakheka emifushane kakhulu.
- Yekuchumana ecacile, kukhona imivimbo ezinkulu. Lokhu ihlukanisa kubo kusukela ukudlala of Rococo.
Bloody Revolution French
yezizathu zezomnotho nezombusazwe ezaholela ukuthunjwa Bastille e 1789, inkantolo iSilo ngo-1792-1793, ngemva kokumiswa EMhlanganweni kaZwelonke. Kodwa ukubulawa yenkosi ayizange kwaholela ngokuchuma labantu. Kwakuthinta belamba. Esikhathini Sezindela kwakungekho ubunye. Noblewoman zhirondistka Sharlotta Korde ishaqekile ngalokhu kubulawa inkosi futhi kufika ku Paris, uma sicabangela ukuthi u-France usezandleni zabantu ezibangela bonke ububi. Weza Paris futhi wathenga ngaleso Palais-Royal ekhishini ummese. Kathathu ngoba kuthiwa laba wayefuna khuza ngesakhiwo esizohlasela, uzama ukuthola Marat. Ekugcineni Marat nge umlando eczema nokuhlupheka ukulunywa okungabekezeleleki, wamthatha wamusa endlini yokugezela, lapho uye njalo wasebenza kulezi zinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule. Phansi okugeza, Ehlezi lapho, laligcwele amashidi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi wasibekela kwamahlombe akhe. On the okugeza walala ibhodi basisebenzisa njengeHholo edeskini lakhe. izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla wathulisa ukulibopha uviniga (ulwazi oluvela emthonjeni French "Bath of Marat"). Ngemva ingxoxo emfushane Corday wagwazwa ngommese ngaphansi ingqwababa umalile nokumala sans-culotte. Wahanjiswa yesigameko ubugebengu. Ayilivulanga kwesivivinyo. It wabulawa. Futhi Marat ngokuthi "Umngane of the People" waba sibalo ihlelo. Phezu kwe-altare esontweni wema ngokudayisa wakhe, nolwelwe amabhanela inguquko.
msebenzi wokulungiselela kaDavide
Uma umculi efundile lokubulala, ube esephuthunyiswa mgwaqo aseCordillera, lapho Marat wahlala. Painter ngokushesha wenza imidwebo kwalokho wabe esesiza bhala "Ukufa Marat." Isithombe sigcinwa nge-cishe ngokushesha kwaqala ukuhamba kahle ekhanda umdwebi. Kwekhandlela umdwebi imidwebo kwenziwe ngokushesha. Ukufa kwakhe ikunikinele esiningi Marat. Isithombe awuzange ngisho umuntu ngaphambilini. Umdwebi ngesineke yena. I-oda iyofika ngosuku olulandelayo, kanye isicelo ukuhlela nokwenza amalungiselelo omngcwabo. wamavukelambuso oshisekayo, uDavide wabona ukuthi wabulala iqhawe-umfel 'ukholo. Yilokho-ke sazama ukwembula umngcwabo nokulungisa, ngokufanele, ukubhala "Ukufa Marat". Umdwebo eyayizoba iwuphawu umqondo wokuzinikela umhlatshelo. Phakathi umngcwabo Marat umzimba wakhe bamgqumisa wathandela, njengoba kwenza amasosha amaRoma, e amashidi amhlophe. Ngakho kwakunabantu abangu-imingcwabo. "Ukufa Marat", indaba isithombe ukudalwa okuyinto ngokuvamile kakade ebhaliwe, njengoba nje uDavide ayenza wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela umema umbukeli ukucabanga mayelana inkumbulo futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha. Umdwebi Indwangu kakhulu wadala kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu.
"Ukufa Marat": incazelo isithombe
"Ngamunye wethu unesibopho izwe lakubo ngenxa ithalente anakho. A Patriot kweqiniso kumelwe kusebenze wakhe ngokuzithandela, nakanjani ukufundisa izakhamuzi futhi ebakhuthaza ukuba izenzo esiphakeme izimfanelo "- lelo zwi kaDavide. Kule ngombono, echaza ukufa Marat. isithombe-Concise. Umdwebi azange abhale isimo sesikhumba ubuhlungu wamavukelambuso oshisekayo. Ukwakheka ilula futhi ngokugqamile. Ukhumbuza inhlanganyelo yomzimba kaKristu emsebenzini "Pieta" by Michelangelo, noma "Burial" Caravaggio. Kodwa isilonda sakhe okusikhumbuza umkhonto owahlaba esifubeni sikaJesu. Umzimba Marat eyingcuba kusukela uyahlanganyela esandleni kubhavu ubambe ipeni. Eyesibili isandla ebhodini. Kuyinto incwadi yamanga Corday, okuyinto linemikhondo yegazi. Ukhuluma kuye, okuyinto ngeshwa kakhulu. Muva nje ngisanda kunikeza wabhala hero yena, eqamba amanga eseduze. Lithi imali kufanele inikwe wezingane 5, eyise wafela inkululeko. Assignation sikhona. Amanzi okugeza kanye amashidi linemikhondo yegazi. Esitezi kuyinto ekhishini ummese omkhulu, futhi efafazwe ngegazi. Ugly cheeked ubuso Marat wabaphakamisa ngu ekuthuleni kokufa, ukuze amange. Kulesisithombe kukhona okuthile ithenda nebabayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Nge kwale mizwa, uDavide ebona ukufa Marat. Isithombe ugcwele izinto ngokomlando wangempela, kodwa linikeza ubufakazi isinyathelo we umqondo. Umbhalo phezu kwebhokisi anolaka lokhuni ufundeka kanje: "Marat - UDavid." Kuyinto uhlobo enjalo Epitaph.
Umbala nemininingwane
On amnyama odongeni ngemuva ugongolo ukukhanya abathandekayo kwezimali usebe okugeza eliqhakazile isilonda umzimba olunegazi kuyinto amashidi wamavukelambuso nomhlophe. Shadows ibukhali kakhulu, ngakho iqabunga ongaphambili kubonakala lukwazi emaphethelweni kuwebhu. Yonke imininingwane bese usho Spartan, umholi ukuphila okulula kakhulu Jacobin. A esandleni sobunxele walala amakhasi amaphepha nokubonisa ukuthi Marat sekuqalile nje, kodwa hhayi isiqedile umsebenzi wayo. ngepeni lesibonwa esandleni sakhe sokunene, elibamba Marat, kubonisa ukuthi wayekhonza kuze umoya wokugcina inguquko. Zonke izinto emidwebweni ukukhombisa abaphila Marat wayempofu futhi nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ukudweba "Ukufa Marat" (1793) isekelwe e Brussels.