Ruzvelt Franklin: Biography, ubuzwe, umsebenzi. UMongameli Roosevelt nabesifazane

Noma yini bathi, kodwa indima ubuntu emlandweni kwesilinganiso kunzima. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izifundazwe ngaphandle kokukhetha, hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu. Hhayi kule nenhlonipho into ekhethekile, ne-United States. Omunye evelele kunazo zonke izibalo American kwaba Ruzvelt Franklin. Biography of lo muntu ebonisa kangakanani ungenza sikahulumeni, ngesikhathi esifanele endaweni efanele.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Ruzvelt Franklin - US President 32nd (1933), owayengomunye ikhandidethi Democratic Party. Kuyaziwa setingucuko oluphelele, okuyinto waziwa ngokuthi "okusha Deal". Kwakuwusuku Roosevelt ukuphatha ngo-1933 ukuze babe nobuhlobo evamile zokubonisana USSR. Yini enye Ruzvelt Franklin laziwe? Umlando wakhe kubonisa ukuthi kuyinto ngezinsuku zokuqala zokuhlaselwa German iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu wakhuthaza kakhulu ukusungulwa kwesiGungu ukusebenza anti-Hitler womanyano. Yena enamathiselwe kakhulu enobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe victor.

Iningi uyakusitshela ngalokho akwenza ukuphila kwakhe Ruzvelt Franklin, biography. Ubuzwe kuye (namadlozi Roosevelt BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo Dutch amaJuda) ngendlela esikisela ukuthi wawuyingxenye umuntu Cabangisisa ukuzama izinto ezintsha, ehlakaniphile futhi kuncike kokwenzekayo. Ingabe kuyiqiniso lokhu? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukulandelela yonke inkambo yokuphila Franklin.

Ukuqala enkambweni yokuphila

Kwazalelwa umongameli American January 30, 1882. State lokuzalwa - New York. Yena Aquarius uphawu zezinkanyezi. Kusengenzeka umholi elizibekela uhlu lwazo zonke abongameli US kusukela kulesi sikhundla ngokuya ezine zilandelana. By the way, leli rekhodi ngeke kube ephukile. Kungani? Kulula. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, omunye isichibiyelo uMtsetfosisekelo kwavunyelwana ngemva kokufa Roosevelt, okuyinto ngqo kungavunyelwe ukusebenzisa umongameli okwesithathu iminyaka ilandelana.

E-US uqobo igama lakhe kuhlobene eduze seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ukudalwa umfelandawonye, kanye ukudalwa kanye nokuqaliswa "Deal okusha" ngayo nefunda ngayo isikhundla abasebenzi waseMelika lula kakhulu.

umndeni

Umkhaya kaJakobe Roosevelt, lapho Franklin wazalwa, khona ubudala futhi ecebile. kufika Okhokho babo waseHolland emuva 1740s. UTheodore Franklin Roosevelt - kanye 'omongameli ababili ophumelele Melika ngenxa yalokhu umndeni ehloniphekayo. uyise Franklin sika ephethwe ezigxotsheni ezinkulu nasezithweni eziningi izinkampani isimo esikhiqiza.

Sara Delano, unina, futhi wayevela emkhayeni ocebile nge izimpande ezinde ahlukile. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi zonke ehlobo Roosevelt encane wathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ngohambo lwasolwandle kolwandle, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho umkhaya wavakashela cishe yonke iYurophu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Franklin "ogulayo 'ukunxanela ulwandle ezisaqhubeka konke ukuphila kwakhe.

imfundo

Kuze kube engu-14, wathola imfundo ekhaya. Kusukela 1896 kuya 1899, wabhalisa kwesinye sezikole elite Groton (Massachusetts). Kusukela ngo-1900 kuya 1904, Roosevelt wathola iziqu Harvard, kokuphothula ne iziqu ze-bachelor. Kusukela ngo-1905 kuya ku-1907, Roosevelt (Biography emfushane echazwe ephepheni lethu) kwaba intern at Columbia Law University, okwayinika kwesokudla ukuba sizikhuze nokumela. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu owayezoba umongameli "esincike" yeZezimakethe.

Ngo-1907 washada no-Anna Eleonore Ruzvelt (1884-1962 GG.), Iza akude kakhulu umzala Franklin. Kulesi umshado azalelwa izingane eziyisithupha, kodwa enye yazo yashona isakhasa. Unkosikazi ukudlalwa impilo ka Franklin indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngemva 1921, lapho yaphathwa uvendle kanye, empeleni, ezingavumelekile, wathatha phezu esiningi wamaphepha.

Kanjani ukuqala sezombusazwe-career?

Njengoba liye lavela enkulu yesikhathi ezombusazwe Ruzvelt Franklin? Biography sakhe kule indima iqala neqiniso ukuthi ngo-1910 wasamukela leso sipho kusukela Democratic Party kanye ezisebenzayo ngempumelelo nesimo ekhaya lephalamende sika. Ngo-1912, yena besekele ikhandidethi uMengameli wase-United States, Thomas Woodrow Wilson. Lapho wazithola ikhanda esihlalweni isimo, wathembisa Franklin esikahle e-Ministry of Navy. Ngokushesha wathuthela eWashington.

Kuze kube ngu-1921 ayihlala ehhovisi ezombusazwe, okuyinto ke abe 'Ayaziwa "of America. Ukuqinisa yemikhumbi, inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo noxhumana nabo zamanxusa - kwaba "umdlalo" yakhe.

Ukwehluleka kanye nesifo

Ngo-1914, Roosevelt (biography iDemo kunikezwa kule material) ezama ukuthatha post ka Senator Congress, kodwa ehluleka. Ngo-1920, kukhulisa bar, uzama bahuba kusho iHhovisi likaMengameli. "Umlingani" sakhe kwakunguSathane George. Cox. Kodwa-Democratic Party kule nkathi linqotshiwe, nokugula dooms Roosevelt ophoqelelwe ikhefu emsebenzini.

Indlela eya empumelelweni

Kodwa ngo-1928, lapho Franklin wakwazi ube umbusi enethonya elikhulu isimo sakhe ekhaya, umsebenzi wakhe ngokushesha wayisusa. Kuleli qhaza lethu, wachitha imigomo emibili nje, esethole amakhono awusizo kakhulu, eziningi luyofika Ukugunda ngenkathi usebenza kuma okuthunyelwe umengameli. Ngo-1931, lapho isimo somnotho kuleli zwe liye laba nzima kakhulu, ikhanda ikusasa isimo kahle "rose" ku inhlangano aid ukhululekile abangasebenzi kanye belamba. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi kwandisa kwayo phakathi abavoti abavamile nabo uMongameli kamuva kunesithembiso izingxoxo eziqhubeka.

endlini emhlophe

Ngo-1932, Franklin Roosevelt (Biography emfushane sakhe kuchazwa kulesi sihloko), unawo labantu esikhathini 1929-1933. (Okukhulu Kwezomnotho), ngokuvamile, bakwazi ukundlula Hoover, ohola lizwe aphume isikhathi osinda kangaka bahluleka ngaphandle nobunzima. Kulapho Franklin wamemezela uhlelo for izinguquko oluphelele ukuthi kamuva wabiza "Deal okusha." Kusenzima ezifundiswa ezikoleni American namanyuvesi njengesibonelo yenqubomgomo lesifanele, abanekhono futhi eguquguqukayo.

I kabusha kuqala

Ubude ngezinsuku zokuqala ayikhulu likaMengameli sakhe, uye aphethwe izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile kakhulu futhi ewusizo ngempela. Okokuqala, lonke uhlelo yasebhange libuyiselwe ngokuphelele. Okwesibili, kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu umthetho obukhethekile enikeza usizo kubo bonke abantu abaye bazithola ubumpofu. Ipulazi izikweletu iye refinanced ngokugcwele, futhi waphasisa umthetho phezu sokubuyiselwa komkhakha wakuleli wezolimo, okuyinto ngaphandle nje ukuletha ukulawulwa nguhulumeni phezu ivolumu zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi ukuthumela usizo abahlosiwe umenzi abadinga kakhulu.

Roosevelt yena impumelelo ithembisa ukuguqulwa kubhekwe izinyathelo yokutholwa ukubuyisela ezingaba ezimbonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1935, wachaza ukuthi uqhuba iqoqo imithetho elawula cishe zonke izici zokuphila nomphakathi kanye ibhizinisi yezwe.

Ngo-1936, enqoba kokunqoba umxhwele nokhetho nesilinganiso esikhulu enesisindo esidlulele ngokwengeziwe zonke izimbangi zayo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi eliwenzile 1937-1938. eziningi imizamo bonyana abulunge emkhakheni wezabasebenzi, "ukwenza" kumkhawulo ukuzethemba we abavoti. Kuka kule nkathi zihlukaniswa Ruzvelt Franklin? Umlando wakhe kufakazela ukuthi zonke lezi ezintsha wahlangana ukumelana emibi evela nezimboni ezinkulu. Abazange uthanda "ngokweqile" iziqinisekiso nomphakathi ukuthi isimo wanika nengxenye abampofu nababuthaka sabantu.

Yini bezwe okunye washaywa Ruzvelt Franklin (CV)? Abesifazane ekuphileni kwakhe, isibonelo, ziye wadlala indima ebalulekile (kuwufanele ukukhumbula kuphela unkosikazi imisebenzi yakhe). Akumangazi ukuthi ngesikhathi prezidentsva Roosevelt waqala idolize zonke ingxenye enhle yezwe. Iqiniso lokuthi leli Umengameli ube inqubomgomo ukulingana lokuhola imali efanayo abesifazane emsebenzini, wezempi, ngezinye izinhlaka. Nokho, ayenakekela zonke izigaba zomphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umehluko ngobulili.

I-inoperable (kuzo zonke izimo) futhi nezidingo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo: Ngo resonance ethile emthethweni oku zomshwalense wezenhlalo, ukuhlinzeka yokukhokha yibhange ezimbili zama-kubo esasayinwa Agasti 1935. Kuze kube yileso lutho isikhathi kanje ezweni "American Dream" engazange abe khona, futhi zithole ukwelashwa okusezingeni eliphakeme umuntu akanayo imali ehloniphekile kwi-akhawunti, kwaba eziqhelile kube nzima.

inqubomgomo Oku-impi

Lena inkathi eyindida kunazo zonke wokubusa kwakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Franklin Roosevelt, Biography emfushane okunikezwa lapha, wayeba umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela. Ngakolunye - wenza kwezinsana kakhulu futhi ngokunqikaza, ngokusobala owesaba ukusabela okungekuhle kusukela nasezincekwini siqu emibuthanweni yabo ezimbonini kanye zezimali. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa le nqubomgomo isungule banobungane kakhulu enobudlelwane neSoviet Union ngo-1933. Ngisho naseLatin America, waphishekela umgomo "ngomakhelwane ezinhle", mhlawumbe okokuqala emlandweni we-US ngokukhuluma osopolitiki kula mazwe ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo.

Kodwa lena enye kuphela ohlangothini uhlamvu lwemali. Iqiniso wagwema izinqubo imimese. Uma sikubeka kalula, inqubomgomo angaphandle kwahluka nesifiso sokugwema ukuba zonke izimo ezinzima ngempela, futhi ngokuvamile Roosevelt, ogama biography is ingcaca "lisakazeka" yalo, ngokuvamile akazange ukuhlukanisa phakathi izisulu kanye bahlaseli.

Nokho, nguye, ngemva ezenzweni zobudlova ezinyantisayo yibutho Japanese e China (kwaba ngo-1937), waqala ukufuna njalo bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele ngamazwe lalawo mazwe ukuthi silwa ne okwakubangelwa isihluku esinjalo futhi zibulala izigidi izakhamuzi. Kodwa ambalwa osopolitiki Western ngesikhathi wabonisa isithakazelo okungenani abathile izigigaba ezenzeka kuze kube manje eMpumalanga. Lokhu kwavumela Japan ukuqinisa isikhundla salo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngosizo eside Mikado uHitler.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yenqubomgomo yayo non-kokuthikanyezwa, futhi nokuthungatha kokususwa Uhulumeni esisemthethweni Italy naseSpain ngesikhathi behluleka ukuthenga izikhali. Kuphela uma Europe lwavutha amalangabi impi, ke kuhlehlisiwe ukuvimbela yayo. Kodwa lokhu akumelwe bheka sokukhathalela ngokweqile: nje kulokhu, Melika bangasiza imali okuningi ngokuthengisa izingalo kanyekanye kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ukuze ingxabano. Indlela waziphatha ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, Roosevelt? Umlando wakhe futhi kulokhu eqhukethe izikhathi ezithakazelisayo.

IMpi Yezwe II

Ngo-1940 waphinde wawina kuyiwe okhethweni, ngesikhathi lapho usizo lwebutho UK buthola umfutho. Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo, igunyaza isimemezelo "Ngo Usizo Mutual", lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wethula umqondo Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa. Kuyinto ngenxa kuye kuze iSoviet Union wabha- ukuboleka imali ngaphandle kwenzalo e nenani-dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Izazi-mlando namanje bebaphikisana ngani inkulu kangakanani indima kukhala by imali nezinto ukulwa Soviet Union umqali undlovukayiphikiswa, kodwa noma kunjalo kwaba usizo ngempela futhi ophathekayo wokuthi uye waqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili ngesikhathi nzima kithi.

Uyini Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa?

By endleleni, ukuthi ngokuvamile kuhilela welithi "Unikeza Ubufakazi-zokuqashisa"? Kuyinto uhlelo lapho supply izikweletu izikhali nokudla kwenziwe, izinhlamvu, izinto zokwakha kanye nokunye. D. Ngokusemthethweni ukudiliva Kwakuseshwa kuwo wonke amazwe, owawusedolobheni anti-Hitler womanyano. Unofficially, ukubolekisa banikwa naseJalimane lobuNazi, futhi imali iye kabusha Krupp.

UMongameli Roosevelt, ogama biography sesibonile, wazama ngokuthi "yokwenza lobu bugebengu" kungaba eside kungagcini inqubomgomo, ukuthumela ngohide eYurophu. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ekwindla ka-1941, lapho ezindaweni ezisogwini ngokwethukela eqaphela izikebhe eJalimane. Khona-ke inqubomgomo ezamenyezelwa, okuyinto kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi "impi engamenyezelwe."

Yingaleso sikhathi lapho i-United States ivumela ukubeka izikhali emikhunjini yabo, ebanikeza ilungelo kudlule ezindaweni ngqo eyacekelwa phansi yimpi, futhi uthi yonke imikhumbi isiJalimane isiNtaliyane, esavela ephethwe amaMelika yemfanelo, uzobe badubule futhi ucwila.

I-Japanese kuhlasela

Lapho F. D. Ruzvelt, ogama biography iyathakazelisa eziningi, kamuva waba matasa? Mhlawumbe igcinwe kuze kube "pie European" kuphela ngo-1944, kodwa lapha indima eyadlalwa Mikado.

Ekuqaleni kuka-December 1941-Japanese ehlaselwa Pearl Harbor elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Mangisho ukuthi umongameli lo mcimbi wazibonakalisa ukumangala ezingemnandi kakhulu, lapho ethi uzama ngazo zonke izindlela, uma kungekhona kugwenywe, ngeke alibale ilwa neJapane. Ngo-December 8 US zimemezele impi ku Japan, futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa - eJalimane, e-Italy kanye nezinye sizana of Imibuso undlovukayiphikiswa.

Biography Roosevelt ngaleso sikhathi ekhanya, ngakho wazikhandla, ukuthatha, ngokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo, okuthunyelwe ka uMbusi. Roosevelt kanzima emkhakheni anti-Hitler womanyano.

Ulindele futhi isenzo real

Maye, omningi walo msebenzi kwaba luyingxenye uhlamvu ephepheni. Akekho amalungu alesi womanyano, kwasinda kuphela eSoviet Union, emikhulu ezempi ngokumelene amaNazi awukugcinanga. UK futhi enza isingathwe Rudolf Hess, imininingwane izingxoxo okuyizinto namanje imfihlakalo enkulu ngalezo zikhathi.

January 1, 1942 isimemezelo sasayinwa, kwasho ukuqala kokudaliweyo eNhlangano yeziZwe. Kodwa ngalé kwalokho akunandaba - Okwesibili Front, okuyinto ucele I. V Stalin, uMengameli waseMelika nomfelandawonye wayo ngokuphindaphindiwe babe ekujaheni ukuvula. Lapho Franklin D. Roosevelt, Biography emfushane ngawe kakade, kodwa washintsha umqondo wakhe?

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye eSoviet Union waphula umgogodla namandla armored Germany, abhubhise penetrator yayo okukhulu kwakheka at eKursk, kuphela emva kwaseStalingrad, okwakukhona phansi Pawulu, waqala ukuba sikuthathe njengokungathi sína eSoviet Union futhi aqaphela ukuthi Russian kwakuyodingeka ukukhuluma, futhi ngemva kwempi. Engqungqutheleni e Tehran, yena ayisasekelwa Churchill, bonke "silahle ukungamhloniphi" amabutho kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza wezempi e-Europe.

Ukuhlangana Tehran

Roosevelt lokuqala aliveza embonweni wakhe emhlabeni kwesikhathi post-yimpi, ngesikhathi kunesithangami sabezindaba e-Quebec City (1943). Wabiza-United States, eU.SSR, China ne-UK "amaphoyisa umhlaba", ubophezelekile ukunakekela ukuze evamile ezweni. E Tehran, F. D. Ruzvelt, Biography emfushane okuyinto cishe kakade ukuqonda, kuyaxoxwa lolu daba Stalin futhi Churchill.

Ngo-1944, Franklin kabusha ekhethwe wesine eside elandelanayo. inkulumo yakhe engqungqutheleni Yalta e Yalta esadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni kabusha post-yimpi yomhlaba. isikhundla sakhe enengqondo kule ndaba aye wakubangela, ubhekwa abantu abaningi njengomuntu ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka kusengaphambili we amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Eastern Europe, nokulangazelela bahlanganyele iSoviet Union ngo-inqubo "ukuxazulula impikiswano Japanese." Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda yabonisa Stalin ukuthi US unesithakazelo nokubambisana eminye imikhakha eminingi, kuhlanganise ezempi.

Ngemva Yalta izenze wazizwa isifo ubudala futhi ukukhathala jikelele, zanqwabelana phezu zonke neminyaka yempi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako kulesi sihloko isivele izokuphela, waqhubeka uye wakwenza ukulungiselela le ngqungquthela. Yena kwakufanele ukuya e-San Francisco. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ukuba.

April 12, 1945 sezombangazwe esivelele wabulawa nenkinga yokopha ebuchosheni. Wembelwa lwakhe lwendabuko Hyde Park. BaseMelika ngobuqotho ukuhlonipha inkumbulo lokhu umongameli, bamqhubela belingana Lincoln naseWashington. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Biography iDemo okwaxoxwa ngalo lapho, benza okuningi ukuze ukuzinza of ubudlelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Futhi akulona iphutha lakhe ukuthi inzalo yakhe, ngaphandle Kennedy, ayenezinkolelo eyingozi ngendlela elukhuni ezingaba ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuhola impi yenuzi.

Roosevelt ukhunjulwa ngabaningi njengoba inqubomgomo pragmatic ngokungavamile, kodwa eqinile. Wayehlala njalo wazama ukuthola izinto esivumelana ngazo ngisho nalabo ngempela abaqondi futhi uthanda ukuthula "ukulwa ekhazimulayo." Lokho wokubusa kwakhe kwaphawulwa isinqumo yezinkinga eziningi zomphakathi futhi aliziphikisi, okuyinto e-US zamanje zonke ngokucace kakhudlwana esiqokiwe futhi.