Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna: Biography nesithombe

Maria Romanova - omunye yamadodakazi uNicholas II. Zonke ematfuba nomgomo kwakuhlobene ubulungu yomndeni ebekiwe umqhele. Wayehlala ukuphila esifushane, ensimbi alenga ubusuku ehlobo ngo-1918 ngenxa yobudlova amaBolshevik. Isibalo uMariya, udadewabo, umzalwane nabazali ziye zaba uphawu umlando odabukisayo eRussia kanye nesihluku ongenangqondo ka kulwiwa.

lokuzalwa

Indodakazi yesithathu zinyanga Russian Tsar Romanov Maria Nikolaevna wazalelwa June 14, 1899 ePeterhof, okuyinto wasingatha ngamaholidi asebukhosini. sokukhulelwa Okwesithathu Alexandra kwakulula. Waze waphela amandla, ngoba lokho emavikini ambalwa adlule, kwadingeka ukuchitha ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile ekhethekile. Lesilinganisiwe futhi odokotela sina wayekhathazeke kokuphila kukamama nengane, kodwa ekugcineni, ukuzalwa kwahamba kahle. Le ntombazane wazalelwa eqinile nenempilo.

Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna ngabhapathizwa ngo-June 27. Rite labetibambile John Yanyshev - umambuli asebukhosini. Esikhathini ePeterhof Church ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-500 - izihlobo, amanxusa akwamanye amazwe, yizikhonzi, maid udumo. emcimbini Esibalulekile yaphela nge lingukuhlonipha 101 isibhamu, isonto silokhu sithi futhi ikhala of izinsimbi. Nokho, ngosuku olulandelayo injabulo kayise salandelwa Nicholas kamunyu ngenxa izindaba mayelana ngokufa komfowabo u UGeorge ebulawa isifo sofuba.

ebuntwaneni

Nanny uMariya udadewabo i-English UMargarita Iger. Useke wasebenza eRussia iminyaka eyisithupha, futhi waphindela kwelakubo, ishicilele izinkumbulo zakhe asebukhosini. Ngalezi Umlando futhi imiqulu eminingi kwesokunxele ofakazi nabantu bangesikhathi, namuhla kungenzeka kahle ukubuyisela izici zobuntu nobunjalo Grand Duchess. Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna kwaba mnandi futhi mobile intombazane ngamehlo e luhlaza futhi ukukhanya izinwele ensundu. Ngo zixhumana nabantu esemncane, it libhekene eliphezulu lomnotho.

Ngenxa malula futsi uhlamvu nabanomusa we inkosazana emkhayeni aqale ukubiza Masha. It ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba ogama lakhe linguMariya. Umkhuba ukubiza izihlobo isitayela English kwakuyinto evamile ngoba umndeni wasebukhosini. Iningi wayesazothola abangane nge udadewabo omncane Anastasia, ngaphansi kwethonya eziningi abaceba okubi, kodwa kamuva waqala ukudlala ithenisi. Omunye umdlalo yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu umculo amantombazane - ngokuvamile yayihlanganisa igilamafoni wasina ekukhathaleni ngaphansi amashuni yakhe. Ngaphansi namadodakazi lokulala gumbi laba Alexandra, lapho yena wathatha zonke izinhlobo izikhulu. I-buzz phezulu ngokuvamile kwaholela ukuphoxeka ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka ukuba athumele ukuba izintokazi iNdlovukazi sika. Maria Anastasia kubhekwe "ezincane", njengoba kuqhathaniswa pair of "eziphezulu" - u-Olga, Tatiana.

Ngiseyingane, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa nodade ukunciphisa jikelele Othman (izinhlamvu zokuqala amagama), ziye wasayina incwadi. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe nomkhaya wakhe bachitha e Tsarskoye Selo. Abazali bakhe ayikuthandi Petersburg Winter Palace - wawumkhulu kakhulu futhi kukhona ngokuvamile babehamba okusalungiswa, bebelokhu imbangela isifo ezinganeni.

Njalo ehlobo, umndeni uya for a ride on yacht "Standart". Babehamba ikakhulu eGulf of Finland futhi iziqhingi ezincane. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova kwenzeka kwelinye izwe abavamile. Kabili wavakashela izihlobo eziningi baseNgilandi naseJalimane. Asebukhosini ngenxa imishado eminingi iye lihlotshaniswa zonke amakhosi European.

Ngo zisencane, intombazane wachitha isikhathi esiningi kanye umzanyana wakhe. Nge Margaritoy Iger kwakubangelwa eziningi iziqephu ezihlekisayo kanye lengubo biography bobukhosi umndeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi umhlengikazi Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna umshini Irish nokugqamisa we ngesiNgisi ulimi (wayengumhlali bomdabu eBelfast). "Etshekile" okwaholela yokuthi umkhaya wasebukhosini isiqashele uthisha omusha Charles eSydney. Wakulungisa nokugqamisa Irish kaMariya nodadewabo.

Waqala ukutadisha eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili. Abantu ababuswa yilo hulumeni okuqala ayengelona penmanship, ukufunda, izibalo, futhi umthetho kaNkulunkulu. Wabe esenezela, kukhulunywa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe (English, French, German), kanye ngesayensi yemvelo. Futhi wafundisa ukudlala upiyano nokudansa, ngaphandle okuyinto ke angibange ngisakwazi ukwenza Maria Nikolaevna Romanova. Indodakazi Nicholas 2 kufanele luhambisane nesimo sabo futhi unawo wonke amakhono, ukwamukelwa phakathi kwabesifazane kumibuthano eliphakeme ahlukile. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi wanikwa Mary ngesiNgisi, wayevame wakhuluma nabazali bakhe.

ukuqeqeshwa

Umama wentombazane ngokuvamile kuhluke uhlamvu esiqinile. Ehluke baziphathe UNicholas. Ubaba wayevame zhuril Mary nezinye izingane zakhe lapho Alexandra ajezise noma abayale. namadodakazi Empress wazila ukubuswa unganyakazi - balandela kwesiyingi amakhono abo. Lapho amantombazane ekhula, unina waqala ukumesaba them phi eduze imikhaya ahlukile, noma ngisho abazala. Kusukela umbono Alexandra Feodorovna, imfundo efanele nakanjani uyoba ngokujulile Orthodox. ithonya lukamama nomthelela obonakalayo emibonweni izinhlamvu namadodakazi. Bonke (ikakhulukazi Olga, kodwa futhi Maria) aba ngamaKristu mystically kuthambekela futhi ozinikele.

Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, efana odadewabo, bashade - iphazanyiswe empini. Yiqiniso, indodakazi yenkosi kubhekwe njengento indlalifa ezingaba umakoti esizayo esihlalweni sobukhosi ezinye kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Nokho, njengoba kuphawulwe bangesikhathi, Mary ngenxa Orthodox ukholo lwabo olujulile akafuni ukushada nowesifazane wezizwe. Ndawonye odadewabo yena ngiphuphe yokushada Aristocrat Russian ezweni lakubo.

Alexandra ukuzihlalela namadodakazi kusuka kunoma iyiphi izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ukuthi ngibenzile kwezinsana. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, kakade esekhulile, wayekwazi ukukhuluma njengoba intombazane eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Zibancishe ekukhulumisaneni nontanga, futhi wahlala ngokuvumelana nemithetho yokuqala egumeni, nobunzima lapho sisebenzelana yebudzala.

Ngo imfundo yamadodakazi uMbusi laliseliningi izici eziyinqaba. Ngokwesibonelo, okwesikhashana amantombazane waya kokuqondisa Ekaterine Shneyder - chtitse Alexandra Feodorovna. German ngokuzalwa, it is kahle emelelwa ezingokoqobo Russian. ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke wakhe wawumncane nenhlonipho egcekeni. Ekugcineni, abazali kwakungekaNkulunkulu uMariya nodadewabo njengoba amantombazane kancane, ngisho nalapho kukhona eduze kombundu lamashumi amabili. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Alexandra mathupha ihlolwe njalo incwadi uthola endodakazini yakhe.

UMfowethu Rasputin

Maria kwaba wesithathu namadodakazi amane inkosi. Ngo-1904 Emperor ekugcineni indodana, Alex, owaba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Umfana wahlushwa hemophilia - ukugula okungathí sina, ngenxa okuyinto ngokuvamile wazithola onqenqemeni kokufa nokuphila. Ukugula we Umqhele Prince kwaba umndeni imfihlo. Bambalwa abantu zi ngaye, kuhlanganise Maria Nikolaevna Romanova.

2 indodakazi Nicholas wayemthanda umfowabo omncane. Lena okunamathiselwe ngokujulile isihawu ukuba imbangela kwaba Gregory Rasputin. ongumlimi laseSiberia, owafika Petersburg, wakwazi ukusiza indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Yena athi ukwehla ukuhlupheka umfana. Ithuluzi esemqoka yalolu pilgrim ongaziwa omthandazo. nezimfihlakalo sakhe nakakhulu inkolelo okweqile e ubuKristu namadodakazi zombusi. Ngemva lokubulala Rasputin UMariya wayekhona emngcwabeni wakhe.

Ngesikhathi sempi

Romanovsky isiko engu-14, uMariya wenza Colonel we 9th Dragoons Regiment Kazan. Uqinisile unyaka owodwa emuva kwesehlakalo, kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. UMbusi German uWilhelm II kwaba enkulu-umalume zoyise kukaMaria. Ngosuku zokudalula impi intombazane walila kabuhlungu - wayengazi ukuthi kungani oyisihlobo esiseduze zehlulekile ukuvumelana phakathi kwazo.

Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna wayengazi lutho ngalokho igazi. Imicimbi neMpi Russian-Japanese nenguquko sokuqala senzeke ngo yobudala cishe ngaquleka. Manje, intombazane kwadingeka ugxumela kwezimo ezihluke kakhulu khona. Maria Anastasia wasebenza ezibhedlela - izingubo abalimele, amabhandeshi olungiselelwe, njll Nakuba u-Olga, Tatiana baba abahlengikazi agcwele, nodadewabo abancane besebancane kakhulu ukuthi ... Maria Anastasia ahlelwe amabhola esibhedlela, badlala amasosha e amakhadi, uwafunde. Indodakazi yesithathu Nicholas walithanda ukuze uqale ingxoxo nge elimele, ukubabuza izingane kanye nemindeni. invoyisi ngamunye ezikhishwa amantombazane sosha lambonga izipho. Ngokuvamile laba babengamadodana nemifanekiso. Phakathi nempi, esinye sezibhedlela behlonipha uMariya okuthiwa Mariinsky.

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile Wilhelm zaba isihlobo esiseduzane asebukhosini, yena Alexandra futhi kwaba-German ngokuzalwa. La maqiniso aye evundile okungamila amahemuhemu ukuthi iNdlovukazi, inkosazana futhi wonke Imperial Family, noma kunjalo, efana isitha. Lezi IMIBONO yayithandwa ikakhulukazi imvelo lempi. Ngo izibhedlela, ezinye amasosha nezikhulu ngokukhethekile baqala ukukhuluma ngaba- Kaiser German kwabathinta amantombazane. Maria imibuzo eqondile mayelana "uMalume Willie" kuphendula isikhathi ngasinye ukuthi wayengakholelwa ukuthi umalume wakhe futhi engafuni ukuzwa ngako.

Februwari revolution

Ngo-February 1917, Princess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova kwaba kwi-Alexander Sigodlo ekhatsi Tsarskoye Selo. Ekupheleni kwenyanga e Petrograd waqala imibhikisho abahlali atikaneliseki nokuswela isinkwa. Mashi 2 amasheya zemvelo uqede abdication Nicholas II esihlalweni sobukhosi. Umbusi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ekomkhulu le ngaphambili. Endleleni eya Petrograd, ngenkathi isitimela, yanikezwa usayine renunciation (yena nendodana yakhe).

Izindaba ngesinqumo kayise Maria wafunda sibonga Grand Duke uPawulu, uhambo ekhethekile Alexander Palace. Lesi sakhiwo esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe lamabutho amasosha, namanje siqotho isifungo. Mashi 8 Ukubala Benkendorf UPawulu wathi Romanov umndeni ukuthi kusukela ngalolo suku uye waba eboshelwe endlini. Nicholas efika esigodlweni ngakusasa.

Ngosuku olufanayo ekwakheni kwaqubuka nesimungumungwana. Wabamba futhi Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Indodakazi yesithathu kombusi bangenwe ukugula emva nodadewabo omdala. imfiva kakhulu okusezingeni eliphezulu. Olwaqala ngesikhathi esifanayo abandayo angabangela wamaphaphu ukuvuvukala. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa Princess akazange asukume embhedeni, waqala ukuvala umlomo. Kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba ungeze otitis. Waze okwesikhathi abayizithulu ngesikhathi indlebe eyodwa.

isiqeshana esiphakathi kokulalelwayo

Ngemva yokutakula, ababekade Princess Maria Nikolayevna Romanova ibuyele evamile ekuphileni kwakhe elinganisiwe Tsarskoye Selo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-oda kosuku akashintshi - waqhubeka nokufunda futhi isikhathi khulula esichithwa ekuzijabuliseni nomkhaya. Kodwa kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezithile ngendlela ephawulekayo. Princess ngagxila ngaphezulu ukuhlanza indlu, ukupheka nokunye. E. Ukuze banciphise isikhathi sishaywe umoya. Amalungu omndeni we Romanov bebangakghoni Tsarskoye Selo, eduze grid bahlangana isixuku hooting. Owaphenduka cindezela khulula (ikakhulukazi iphephandaba kwesokunxele-wing) ngokunamandla enyundelwe sazilahla umbusi kanye nomkhaya wakhe.

Amaphaphu lukhula usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Isiphetho ngokwengeziwe Romanovs akukacaci. Ukuhlala Tsarskoye Selo, amalungu lwamakhosi babe in limbo. Ngemva abdication Nicholas Kerensky ucele ulithumele Murmansk, kusuka lapho wakwazi ukuba ngithuthe kanye nomkhaya wakhe waya eNgilandi ukuze umzala wakhe George V Yesikhashana Uhulumeni ekunike imvume yayo futhi zaqala ukuxoxa nge-London. kwavela Ngokushesha sivumelwano erhubhululweni England. Nokho, ukuhamba lahlehliswa ngesikhathi. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngoba zonke isimungumungwane efanayo, okuyinto ubuhlungu inkosazana, kuhlanganise Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna. Indodakazi Alexandra walulama, kodwa ngo-Ephreli, UGeorge wayeseke kakade kuhoxiswe isimemo sakhe. British King washintsha umqondo wakhe ngenxa isimo engazinzile zezombusazwe ezweni lakubo. Ephalamende Kwesokunxele ephakanyiswe esinokuduma ukugxekwa bebheke le nkosi ngenxa inhloso yakhe ukukhoselisa lo isihlobo owaketulwa. British Ambassador Dzhordzh Byukenen, etshela Kerensky ngentando inkosi yabo, ngasikhihla isililo. Nicholas izindaba mayelana umzala demarche wathatha ukuma futhi buthule.

Sisuka Tsarskoye Selo

Esimeni semakhaya kuqhuma inhliziyo antimonarchist Uhulumeni Yesikhashana wanquma yawoyise le Romanovs kude Petrograd naseMoscow. Kerensky yayikhulume ngokoqobo waxoxa ngale ndaba Nicholas nomkakhe. Ikakhulu, i-okufana ukuthuthela Livadiju. Kodwa, ekugcineni, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele umndeni wangaphambili egcotshwa Tobolsk. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Kerensky wanxusa Nicholas kudingekile ukuhamba Tsarskoye Selo, echaza ukuthi kukhona Romanovs sisengozini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhloko yabangamashumi Yesikhashana Uhulumeni angakhetha Tobolsk ukuze bamukele kwesokunxele, ukumemezela ukuthi umbusi sazilahla engozini enkulu kanye sibalo emhlabeni lapho monarchists olukhulu kuhlanganiswe.

Izincwajana zemininingwane ne Romanovs kwesokunxele Tsarskoye Selo Agasti 2, 1917. Ukwakheka kwaba ifulege Red Cross. Uhulumeni wesikhashana uye azama ukufihla zonke ubufakazi izindawo bobukhosi umndeni. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, isithombe elalikade uvele emaphepheni kanye nezihlobo wanyamalala emehlweni womphakathi. Isitimela safika ngo Tyumen ku 5 Agasti. Romanov ke bagibela isikebhe kwaba phezu Tobol ukuze Tobolsk, lapho esezinzile endlini ombusi wangaphambili. Nge umkhaya wathuthela izinceku aziziningi - maid udumo nothisha.

Tobolsk

Impilo Romanovs e Tobolsk bekuthulekile zingezona ezibonakalayo. Nokho, maduzane nje, yebo, amafu waqala ukushwaqa phezu umndeni. Ngo-October 1917, amandla Petrograd uphambukile ukuze amaBolshevik. Ngokungafani Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, kungekho ukubekezelelana, abazange abanokuhlangenwe nakho asebukhosini. Iziphathimandla ezintsha uyokwahlulela UNicholas. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ke ahlela ukuthuthela wonke umkhaya ukuba eMoscow noma Petrograd. Umshushisi ecaleni kwakuzoba Leon Trotsky.

Romanovs okusha nokuvikeleka e Tobolsk wabaphatha ngomusa okuningi okufanayo. Ngo-April 1918, iziboshwa (ngaphandle Nicholas) washisa Diaries yakhe futhi izincwadi, ukusesha kanye kuphangwa abesaba. Ngakwenza futhi Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna. Biography intombazane kwakuzoba zihluke kakhulu, kodwa kwezimo nezinxushunxushu wamavukelambuso, indodakazi yenkosi ubengeke enze lutho kodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe amshiye izikhumbuzo lokugcina ubudala ukuphila uhlala engenazinkathazo.

Apreli 23 Commissioner Nikolay Yakovlev wathi ngenhloso yakhe ukuba uzamsusa Tobolsk. Wazama phikisana, kodwa ke mina siboshwa ekhunjuzwa isimo sakhe oyisicashalala. AmaBolshevik babekhuphukela ukuze asuse omunye uNicholas, kodwa ekugcineni, wahamba naye no-Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Indodakazi yesithathu wayehamba emgaqweni emuva kokuthi umama walo wayekhethe. Cishe, Alexandra unqume ukuthatha nawe uMariya ngenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba abanamandla kakhulu emzimbeni ka bobane.

Akekho abahambi bengazazi athathwa. Nicholas wacabanga ukuthi amaBolshevik babekhuphukela ukuba umthume eMoscow, ukuze yena ngokwakhe wasayina ukuthula ehlukile Brest. Phakathi konogada ezihambela kahle njengokungathi kwakungekho ubunye. Ngemva zonke izinhlobo nozungu phakathi amaBolshevik ngasekupheleni April, iziboshwa alethwe eYekaterinburg. Lapho efika emzini bacishe bayifunda yonke nethimba umndeni wathunyelwa ejele lendawo.

ukufa

Romanov ibekwe endlini unjiniyela Ipatiev. Ngemva kwenyanga, ngo-May 23 kuya lonke lo mkhaya wafika. Ngezinsuku lokugcina Romanovs kungenziwa abahlulela idayari UNicholas. Wamyisa engxenyeni enkulu yokuphila omdala futhi akayikhohliwe ngisho nangemva kokuba umkhuba isibe nje kuyingozi. Ngezikhathi zakusihlwa Maria izihlobo wachitha isikhathi ngemuva Bezique (ethandwa game card) noma ukudlala izigcawu kusuka ukusebenza. Ndawonye noyise wayesefunde "Impi Nokuthula" UTolstoy.

Ekuqaleni kuka-July, amaBolshevik realized ukuthi they zama sidlule olusondelayo Ekaterinburg emhlophe. I baleka kwaba kuphela Kuxhomeke isikhathi. Ezimweni, abaholi party wanquma ukuqeda asebukhosini. Ubufakazi kanjani isiphetho Romanovs, eziphikisanayo, kodwa izazi-mlando namuhla ngokuvamile bavumelana ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi igama elithi zokugcina owawuqondene Lenin futhi Sverdlov.

Ebusuku kusuka 16 kuya 17 July 1918 kuya endlini Ipatiev nami sashayela iloli, okwakubekelwa ngokushesha lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi trupovozku. Romanovs kanye nezisebenzi wangena egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba. Kuze yesibili lokugcina, sasingazi lutho ngalowo isiphetho sabo. Inhloko squad ngokudutshulwa ukufunda isimemezelo ebulalayo, bese udubule inkosi wangaphambili. Khona-ke lonke amaBolshevik kufika nalo lonke umndeni wasebukhosini.

Ukufa kabuhlungu we Romanov kwaholela ukushaqeka kwabaningi, monarchists, Liberals, izilaleli angaphandle. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange kwaphendukezela amaqiniso mayelana kokubulawa. Abaningi izimo zakhe waziwa kuphela kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule. Ikakhulukazi mayelana Romanovs abashonelwe ekudingisweni. inkondlo ngalinye esizinikezele Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, njalo umlandvomufi nayo yonke ubufakazi ababephila ngesikhathi owayazi futhi ayebone inkosazana, wafakaza ngazwi linye ukuthi wayengowesifazane ovelele, okufanelekelayo ukuba isimo eziphakemeyo nama ngokungafanele ongasekho ngesikhathi bethanda kukaHulumeni omusha. Izinsalela indodakazi yenkosi (nomfowabo u-Alexei) Kwatholakala kuphela ngo-2007, nakuba lonke Romanov yokungcwaba atholakala ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Ngo-2015 uhulumeni bamukela isinqumo bazingcwabe kabusha yabo.