Portrait yobuciko Russian. Portrait e zobuciko

Kulesi sihloko sibheka isithombe art Russian. Inani lale uhlobo ukuthi umdwebi uzama ukudlulisela ngosizo izinto akhe umuntu zangempela. Lokho ngekhono ngenxa, singakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo ngokusebenzisa isithombe nge enkathini ethile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaculi ozama hhayi kuphela ziveza ezihibeni, kodwa uwukudlulisela isimo elingaphakathi umuntu ogqoke.

Funda futhi uzothola sezikhule ukuthuthukiswa portrait Russian kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi ezikhathini zanamuhla.

Portrait akhicite art

Portrait e zobuciko njengoba siyaqonda namuhla, wayehlukile muva. Kuphela phakathi nekhulu lesikhombisa, isazi-mlando esigodlweni senkosi French uLouis XIV, André Félibien, ezihlongozwayo ukubiza leli gama kuphela izithombe zabantu.

Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, leli gama kwachazwa ngokuthi zonke izithombe, kungakhathaliseki isilwane, zemifino noma amaminerali. Ngo Ephakathi kuya izilwane kancane sengqondo ehlukile kunaleyo manje. Babekwazi amasamanisi, ahlushwe futhi yahlulelwe ngokwezenzo kwezinkambiso zomthetho.

Ukulandela Felibenom Arthur Schopenhauer waveza umqondo wokuthi izilwane ahlukile izici ejwayelekile, abanayo ubuntu. Futhi namhlanje, ekumeni musa uthole isithonjana, ngoba zilotshwe yasekuqaleni.

Ngakho, lo mfanekiso nezobuciko izincwadi uvele kudala, kodwa ezikhathini zasendulo ngaphansi aqonde iyiphi "msebenzi omuhle."

Ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo nakanjani izinto ezimbili - ukuthuthukisa lokubhala amasu (ukwakheka, umumo womzimba njll), kanye ushintsho bezibona indima yomuntu kwi-jikelele. I izimbali enkulu ekumeni ewela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, lapho eNtshonalanga Yurophu yayibuswa imibono kwabanye futhi ukugcwaliseka ekahle mathupha.

nkathi yakuqala

Self-ekumeni ubuciko Russian ozalwa kuphela umngcele namakhulu eminyaka nesikhombisa kanye nesishiyagalombili. Ngaphambi Kwaba khona imifanekiso ngesitayela ephakathi, lapho fade ngabanye ubala.

Ngesisekelo enkathini yokuqala Russian art up imifanekiso. umkhiqizo elinjalo lalikhona phezulu kuya kweleshumi nesikhombisa.

Kodwa ushintsho waqala esikhathini sekwedlule Kievan Rus. Ukuze ezisekhona iqembu ukufana ekumeni umndeni Svyatoslav, namadodakazi Yaroslava Mudrogo. Kukhona futhi izibonelo eziningana imidwebo nabanye ukwehluka, isib, uJaroslav Vsyevolodovitch ithempeli esandleni. Ngakho wavuzwa ngokuba umnikelo kulo msebenzi wokwakha.

Imizamo yokuqala ukuhambisa kude izincwadi eziyingxenye yeBhayibheli nabezenkolo ubheke umdwebo wokuziphilisa wawudla indawo phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo. Sibona ngomfanekiso wakhe kwezinye izincwadi. Okunjalo sinyathelo senziwe kuphela ngenxa lombhishobhi Angamakhulu Izahluko, futhi iye yakhipha reflection esemthethweni yamakhosi, izikhulu, kanye nabantu izithonjana.

Parsuna

Esikhathini nesikhombisa Umdwebo wangekhulu uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa. Siyabona ukuthi lo mfanekiso zobuciko Russia liba izici ngamunye. Kukhona uhlobo ezifana "parsuna". Lokhu wahlanekezela elithi "umuntu".

Le misebenzi zadalwa ezibhebheni ngisho tempera, okungukuthi, e isitayela isithonjana, libonisa esaphila izithombe zabantu. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke imidwebo onjalo kwakuyiNkosi parsuna Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shumsky.

Nokho, idalwe njengendlela portrait omngcwabo "isiphuku". Kodwa isithombe isikhulu lakhe kwakulotshwe "abavuselwe", kwavuselelwa e izwe elingcono, ngakho izici zalo zihlukile kusukela ubuso okukakhenoni kuzithonjana.

Kancane kancane kukhona Ukuhamba kusuka nezimfundiso zesonto, waboleka ubuchwepheshe esuka eYurophu. Ngakho, kusukela endaweni e-Commonwealth iza "portrait Sarmatian" uhlobo gentry isithombe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadwebi Muscovy zivela eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ukuqeqesha abaculi bendawo. Wadala "titulyarniki" (izincwadi ekhethekile, elibonisa i ekumeni okuyisibonelo zababusi European).

inkathi Petrine

Empeleni le "portrait" ubuciko Russian livela kuphela phakathi nokubusa, uPeter Omkhulu. Le nkathi kwaba inkathi yoshintsho ekuphileni kwezinceku lizwe. Ubuciko kubonakala isimo izitayela ezintsha.

Ngo ekumeni kukhona umthamo nokujula, abaculi balukhulume ikusasa. ukuqonda Uzalwa play sokukhanya isithunzi, qala ukusebenzisa imibala ku-canvas. Futhi, kukhona ngokwahlukana sokugcina ibandla futhi art wokuziphilisa.

Manje lo mdwebo uhlukaniswe ezintathu ukugeleza - archaizing, Rossika nesikole kazwelonke.

Eyokuqala esivela aphuma "parsuna" ukuze Iyizeli imidwebo. Eyesibili emelelwa imisebenzi abaculi angaphandle eRussia. Domestic esikoleni okufanayo kuboniswe ngemisebenzi Nikitin, Antropov, Vishnjakova Matveeva futhi Argunova.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abaculi Russian enkulu yaleso sikhathi, yingcweti kuqala, ngakho ukukhuluma 'ayakuhlwithwa' eYurophu. Kodwa eminyakeni embalwa kukhona imisebenzi ezimele ngokuphelele, nge umbono wabo. Lokho iyaqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo endawo emhlabeni yobukghwari.

I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII

Kancane kancane ukuma ngobude art Russian iba yindawo yoMkhandlu kwezakhi phakathi umphakathi. Kuze phakathi kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili zibonisa abantu abavelele kuphela, eduze asebukhosini, kodwa manje kukhona hhayi kuphela ekumeni yabakhulu futhi kulendawo, kodwa abalimi ngisho ambalwa. Lesi sakamuva, ngokukhethekile, kwenzeke kuphela ngokusebenzisa imibono zemfundo emphakathini.

Esikhathini zamashumi amahlanu nezinduna sixties kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, ithoni ekhethekile esabekwa ekumeni of iNdlovukazi Elizabeth. Imikhaya eminingi yizicukuthwane ethunywe imidwebo ngokwabo, efana lo mkhuba.

Futhi abacwaningi ebalulekile ukubona indlela ezimele abaculi bendawo. Babonisa umbono imibala yawo kanye izimfanelo esivela a Baroque, uma iqhathaniswa nayo abaculi European owayesebenza isitayela Rococo.

Imisebenzi abaculi Russian umane zichichima izithombe ezimibalabala, ubuso, full of life, ebomvana futhi lady kamnandi-cheeked.

Classicism neSiliva Ubudala

Kancane kancane kokubona shift maqondana ukusondelana. Ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi West Europe kanye portrait Russian. Uhlobo in the zobuciko kuziwa esiteji emhlabeni. Kuphela manje kukhona izinhlobo egqamile futhi aluhlaza yezobuciko.

Nguye owela we Rococo ukuba neoclassicism futhi predromantike. Vela isihawu nokukhanya amanothi. Isici esiyinhloko le nkathi kwaba historicism. Okungukuthi, ithoni eyayibekwe ekumeni esisemthethweni asebukhosini.

Le nkathi ibonakala ngemisebenzi Shchukin, Rokotoff, futhi Borovikovsky Levitsky.

Kube sekulandela inkathi Romanticism. Lapha, abaculi kunazo owaziwa kukhona Bryullov Varnek, Tropinin futhi Kiprensky.

Kamuva kufika okwangempela okungukuthi esivela zabalingiswa Repin, Surikov futhi Serov.

Isiliva Ubudala yokudweba Russian eyanikeza abaculi emhlabeni ezifana Malevich, Vrubel, Malyutin, Somov, Konchalovsky nabanye.

portrait Soviet

Portrait yobuciko wesimanje ayinqunywa amafilosofi, njengoba kwakunjalo ezikhathini Soviet, kanye isici zezimali.

Kodwa phakathi zabalingiswa Malevich nesikhathi sethu kukhona lonke enkathini zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Lapha bayatfutfuka igagasi lokuqala avant-garde imibono, eMoscow naseLeningrad esikoleni, "Abakhi eBratsk". Kwaba okuyisici esiyinhloko okwangempela sezenhlalo.

Ngakho, thina manje bajwayelane umlando Kwesimo zobuciko Russian.