Pinakothek, Munich: incazelo kanye nokubuyekeza

Pinakothek (Munich) - one of the edume kakhulu emhlabeni-class zobuciko, okuyinto ezingaphezu kuka-700 yobuciko ebabazekayo 14-21 eminyaka owabhala amakhosi edume kakhulu: Leonardo da Vinci, uRaphael Dürer A., I. Bosch, Altdorfer, V. Titian , S. Botticelli, F. Goya et al.

History of the iqoqo

Alte Pinakothek e Munich (Alte Pinakothek) - kuyinto Museum ethandwa futhi owaziwa, okuyinto ayizinkulungwane 9 imidwebo ngabaculi yeYurophu 14-18 eminyaka .. Isici esiphawulekayo Museum lisuselwa egameni lakhe. Pinakothek (ngesiGreki "yobuciko".) - yindawo lapho kuphela obala isithombe.

Ukuqoqwa imidwebo waqala ukuqoqa e 1528, lwaseBavaria Duke Wilhelm IV von Wittelsbach, owayefuna ukuhlobisa zabo inkundla ehlobo Munich Residence imidwebo ngezizathu zomlando. Ngowokuqala ngqa yalotshwa nini, "Impi Alexander", anikezelwe impi ye Aleksandra Makedonskogo ibutho Persian weNkosi uDariyu. Khona-ke, ukuqoqwa aqala ukugcwala futhi namanye amalungu omkhaya Vittelbahov.

Ngu ekupheleni 17 iqoqo leminyaka in ukubaluleka kwayo buya omunye komkhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Ikakhulukazi, nalokho kwanezelwa umsebenzi abaculi lase ngubani Bavaria eqoqwe elector Maks Emmanuil (1679-1726).

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, umnyuziyamu uye waba imisebenzi abadwebi esivelele e-Italy, eSpain, eJalimane naseNetherlands. Ke kwabakho okunye ukwanda iqoqo:

• e 1777 lapho ngaba imidwebo kusukela igalari Mannheim;
• 1803 - 1500 imisebenzi yobuciko ukuthi ubukade emasontweni zezindela;
• 1806 g.- ukungezwa ukuqoqwa ku Dusseldorf futhi isebenza kusuka Karlsberg Castle.

ekamelweni elihlukile esigodlweni Schleißheim Yakhiwa ngendlu imidwebo.

Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo Pinakothek

Iminyaka wokubusa Ludwig mina of eBavaria (1825-1848) - ngenkathi ephawulekayo emlandweni igalari Munich. Ngaleso sikhathi imisebenzi eyaziwa abaculi German kanye Dutch ziye atholwe 15. imidwebo Italian Yenguquko.

Ukuze anakekele iqoqo ezicebile ukufuneka oluqinile isiphakamiso sokwakha isakhiwo ekhethekile kanye ukuthunyelwa imisebenzi ngendlela ezalandelana ngayo.

Ludwig nganquma ukuthi iqoqo yakhe yangasese imisebenzi yobuciko njengabakufanelekele ukuhlaziswa sekwaziwa obala ukuthi Munich kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso isikhungo emhlabeni eyaziwayo Umdwebo kanye nobunye ubuciko.

uhlelo igalari phansi kwadalwa wezakhiwo Leo von Klenze isitayela Renaissance. Kubekwa emisiwe legumbi isakhiwo senzeka ngo-Ephreli 1826 kwi lokuzalwa ayemthanda Ludwig umculi Raphael. King of eBavaria ngaphambilini sibala Museum nge igama lesiGreki "Pinakothek".

Alte Pinakothek (Munich) yayakhiwe kudala njengoba 1836, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo Ludwig wakhipha isimemezelo ku entry mahhala kubo bonke comers Museum ngamaSonto. Nokho, iminyaka yokuqala izakhamizi ngisho emnyuziyamu wavakashelwa namanye esake sawenza sisendleleni eziningi ihlelwe otshanini phambi igalari.

Ngo Pinacotheca ubudala ahlelwe kuphela usebenza yobuciko, kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi nesiphetho Ukukhanyiselwa. Lesi sakhiwo kungokuhluke udangele futhi ngimpunga, ngaphakathi amakamelo nazo ehlotshiswe cishe lutho. Ukungabikho ephelele umhlobiso ezenziwe ngokukhethekile izivakashi cha thikazisa kusukela injongo eyinhloko kuhambele Museum - nokucabanga art yobuciko umdwebo.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka angu 19-20 Pinakothek iqoqo waqhubeka wanda ngokusebenzisa yokufuna imisebenzi yobuciko kwaleso sikhathi, elakhiwa ngo-1853 ngokwakha Pinakothek entsha.

Impi kanye nokubuyiselwa iminyuziyamu

Phakathi 2nd kweMpi Yezwe Pinakothek (Munich) lwabhidlika ngesikhathi kuphangwa-Anglo-American Aviation. Imidwebo ngokwabo ngasinda, t. Ukuze. I kusengaphambili ukuthi embondelene in zokukhosela komhlaba. Ukwakhiwa Alte Pinakothek abuyiselwe kuphela 1963.

Kodwa kwakhiwe Pinakothek entsha (bheka. Photo) labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele, futhi ulibuyise kwakungenakwenzeka. New Pinakothek kabusha ngokuphelele wezakhiwo A. Brankasa, wavula kuphela ngo-1981.

Lesi sakhiwo engavamile, has amafasitela bay eziningi kanye ongaphambili omise iwindi yayinamakhothamo, lolo ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwadala impikiswano zomphakathi kanye imibono engafani. Nokho, ngaphakathi amakamelo kuhle, ikakhulu izimpendulo omuhle wathola enikeziwe umklami izibani phezulu.

Manje nakhu embukisweni 550 imidwebo kanye eziqoshiwe ka 19-20 eminyaka.

Iqoqo le-Alte Pinakothek

Esichasiselweni itholakala wokwakha ezimbili storey, Esitezi e kophiko lwesokunxele zazo kukhona yesikhashana, imibukiso njalo ushintsha. Phakathi abadwebi, okungukufa Alte Pinakothek (Munich) - imidwebo ngabaculi lase futhi laseJalimane 15-17 eminyaka. P. Bruegel, uLucas Cranach nabanye (lontamo) ..

Esitezi sesibili - Northern Renaissance iqoqo: imidwebo umDashi L. van Leyden, Rembrandt; Durer futhi S. Lochner; abaculi Italian Botticelli, uRaphael, uLeonardo da Vinci; Lase Van Dyck, Rubens.

Esikhathini lontamo, ungabona iqoqo imidwebo we Baroque futhi Rococo, kuhlanganise u-El Greco futhi Murillo, kanye nezinye abaculi isiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi nesiJalimane.

Ubuciko of the Alte Pinakothek

Izenzo eziningi abaculi abadumile iyona Alte Pinakothek (Munich): Ubuciko of 15-18 eminyaka, ngamunye ephethe umlando walo.

Ngokwesibonelo, lo mdwebo "Madonna we uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi" ngephutha uthenge kumdayisi, futhi kuphela kamuva ngathola ukuthi kwathiwa ngesineke yi abasha uLeonardo da Vinci. Manje yilesi Umdwebo master kuphela, elise ensimini ka eJalimane. Uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi imbali, agcina Virgin Mary - uphawu ukungafi.

Ngu Fransua Bushe "Portrait of Madame de Pompadour" (1758) kanye "Ukuphumula Girl" (1752), kuchazwa ladies: ukhukhuva Louis-15, okwaba ubuhle abadumile nge ukunambitheka lihle, noLouise O'Murphy, nenekazi zegceke, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo Iphinde uye abe intandokazi yenkosi.

Umsebenzi van Dyck "Self-portrait" (1619) kanye "uSusanna futhi Abadala" (1622), inkosi portrait enkantolo futhi imidwebo yenkolo.

Umsebenzi wobuciko uPawulu Rubens "The Last Judgment" (1617) isitshela indaba isenzakalo esibalulekile: uma abantu indaba yokuphila benza izono zakhe futhi lemisebenzi emikhulu ezima phambi kukaNkulunkulu, ukunquma isiphetho sabo - indlela eya ezulwini noma esihogweni. Lona omunye imidwebo omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni wezwe ngobukhulu 610 x 460 cm, okuyinto eziklanyelwe ehholo Museum.

Esikhathini Umdwebo "Ukufa Seneca" (1613), umdwebi odumile Dutch P. Rubens likhuluma ngezinsizwa nezintombi elingokomlando, kwenzekani edumile sefilosofi uSeneca, ubani lo uNero njengoba jeziso ukukhashelwa ngaphambilini ukuzibulala. Sefilosofi uSeneca ngokwanele walalela lokhu isixazululo, futhi yena nomkakhe wayesekulungele ukwamukela ukufa kwakhe.

umlando Neue Pinakothek

Neue Pinakothek e Munich yasungulwa ngo 1846 njengoba phambili ubudala futhi owokuqala uqukethe imisebenzi yobuciko kwekhulu le-18. Inkosi yaseGrisi Otto baqhubeka umsebenzi uyise kwakhiwa i nokuchaza imisebenzi Munich esikoleni yokudweba abaculi. Owaziwa landscape umdwebi K. Rothman wabhala ngqo igalari 23 emidwebweni esikhulu esibonisa kunikezelwa bese kuba iGrisi.

umsebenzi Ngo-1909, eqoqweni zengezwe Impressionists isiFulentshi (Cezanne, Manet, Gauguin et al.).

I Pinakothek entsha iqukethe imisebenzi yobuciko of 19-20 eminyaka, ngenkathi romanticism, classicism Nokubhekana Namaqiniso. Ubude e Isitoreji 3,000 imidwebo kanye eziqoshiwe 300, 22 ka-okuyizinto amahholo embukisweni 550 imidwebo kanye 50 imisebenzi Okugweda.

Izithombe Pinakothek entsha

I yobuciko edume kakhulu, okuyinto simele Pinakothek entsha (Munich) - izithombe:

• "Vase nge Sunflowers" by V Van Gogh (1888) - Ingumfanekiso uphawu nethemba futhi ukucabanga umuntu, isipho izethameli obuncane ilanga.
• "Kubi Poet» Karl Spitzweg (1839) - uchaza ukudideka futhi emkhathini ongaziwa emzini imbongi enesizungu, wathatheka amakghonwabo ukuze ebona imvelo yakhe.

• "Ngemva ubusuku olunesivunguvungu" Yu K. K. Dalya (1819) - isithombe afuthwe ngesibulali imiphumela sokonakala, awasalayo ngemva kwesiphepho, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ucula ngezindumiso imvuselelo ngesimo umsebe wokukhanya.
• "Don Quixote" Onore Dome (1868) elifanekisela isizungu hero, lapho umculi ngokukhethekile ezibhaliwe ngaphandle ubuso.

Pinakothek der Moderne

Esesithathu, ingxenye yesimanje kakhulu igalari (evulekile kusukela 2002) - Pinakothek der Moderne (Munich), okuyinto izinikele art lanamuhla. Kuhlanganisa 4 Museum ezimele:

• Ukuqoqwa Contemporary Art, ilungu iqoqo Bavarian imidwebo.
• State Museum of Applied Ubuciko.
• Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Architectural - utshela ikakhulukazi mayelana German izakhiwo 19-21 eminyaka, embukisweni ishintsha njalo (imidwebo ayizinkulungwane 500 futhi izinhlelo adalwe abaklami ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kanye izinkulungwane 100 izithombe izinqumo yezakhiwo ..) ..
• State sokuqhafaza Munich inhlangano (350 ayizinkulungwane. Engravings no-45 eziyinkulungwane. Imidwebo).

Pinakothek der Moderne isakhiwo ayakhiwe ngu wezakhiwo S. Braunfels eminikelweni yangasese. Kuyinto libanzi futhi ukukhanya, maphakathi ke - dvusfernaya Rotunda ezimbili okuyinto diverge kusukela izitebhisi ezibanzi, ukuqondisa izivakashi embukisweni.

Engxenyeni komhlaba iqoqo design phansi 1st imelelwa iqoqo yezakhiwo kanye ingcaca kanye nemibukiso zesikhashana.

West iphiko iqukethe iqoqo yesimanjemanje classical, empumalanga - liyakhuluma ngokuphela izinkomba yobuciko wesimanje: expressionism, cubism, fauvism, Bauhaus, surrealism, pop art, Minimalism, nabanye.

Zonke amaqoqo eyayihlangene engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20 njengoba abaqoqi umnikelo idluliselwe njengesipho Museum. Isipho zokugcina - iqoqo art 1960-90h iminyaka German kanye North American. - yadluliselwa ngo-2006, E. futhi M. Stoffel.

Iqoqo lihlanganisa imisebenzi ngabaculi abadumile :. Henri Matisse, F. Léger, uDali, Picasso, njll Kukhona lounge nesithombe imisebenzi bezithombe wesimanje.

Pinakothek e Munich: Amahora okuvula, amanani

Zonke Pinakothek amathathu ayizinsuku eduze komunye nomunye, evumelekile ngeSonto intengo 1 €, kodwa ngalolu suku eminyuziyamu kukhona sasigcwele izivakashi.

Ikheli: Street inkantini Strasse 27, 29, 40, Munich (Pinakothek). Ivula amahora:

• Old - 10.00 kuya 18,00, ngoLwesibili kuya 20.00, ivaliwe ngoMsombuluko.
• New - 10:00 kuya ku 18:00, ngoLwesithathu 20.00, off ngoLwesibili.
• Pinakothek der Moderne - kusukela 10.00 kuya 18,00 ngoLwesine 20.00, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto.

Ngezinsuku abavamile, intengo ihlukile Pinakothek:

• Old - € 4 ithikithi intengo.
• New - 7 €.
• Pinakothek der Moderne - 10 €.

Pinakothek e Munich: Izibuyekezo

Izibuyekezo zezivakashi ngokuvakashela Pinakothek e Munich, - wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngomdlandla omuhle. Kubantu abanalesi isithakazelo professional in umdwebo bese Amathrendi ezahlukene yobuciko wesimanje, nemipheme art Uyi fount kolwazi kanye nemigqondo omusha kusuka emhlabeni yobuciko yobuciko umdwebo.

Izivakashi eziningi Kwavezwa ukudabuka ngokuthi Alte Pinakothek (Munich) kuze 2018 livulekele izivakashi kancane kuphela, ezinye ukuchayeka akusebenzi ngoba umsebenzi wokubuyisela.

Izivakashi ngokuvakashela abadumile Munich yobuciko kunikeza ithuba simazi kangcono izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko (imidwebo, ebaziwe, ukwakha okusezingeni nokuklama) ka nangenkathi eziningana, kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi yesimanje.