Organelles lamaseli nemisebenzi yabo: ezihlukahlukene, imisebenzi kanye nezimpahla

Cage - iyunithi eziphilayo eplanethini yethu, kukhona ukuphila esitokisini. Yingakho wonke umsebenzi izici eziphawula izinto eziphilayo kunqunywa ngesisekelo izici lamaseli ukuchaza cell organelles nemisebenzi yabo.

Kusukela iqoqo amaseli izakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi: isakhiwo kahle ichazwe, ikhono ukugaya - esikhiqiza umzimba amandla, ikhono nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle: izinto kanye izenzakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-organelles umsebenzi cell ukunquma izakhiwo ezifana sinekhono ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka, kanye esiphelweni nokululama - ukuvuselelwa.

Njengoba nje isilwane noma isitshalo siqukethe izitho eziningana futhi izinhlelo, iseli siqukethe organelles. Uma ucabangela organelles cell kanye nemisebenzi yabo, kubalulekile ukuphawula zangaphandle isakhiwo amaseli. Ngaphandle "ukuphila nto" camera ulwelwesi esebenza njengesikhali isithiyo kuhlukane esasihlukanisa imvelo ngaphandle kusuka okuqukethwe yangaphakathi esitokisini. Ulwelwesi has a umsebenzi zokuzivikela futhi kuhlukane futhi uthola ezishukumisa ambient (yokwamukela umsebenzi) futhi uyazifeza ezokuthutha izidakamizwa.

Cell organelles, lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti wabo

Ukuba khona engqamuzaneni kanye nezakhi zalo kwakungenakwenzeka uma ngaphakathi kwakungasebenzeki egcwele uketshezi ekhethekile - cytoplasm. Uveza ezokuthutha cytoplasm izidakamizwa ngaphakathi kwamaseli womuntu, efana igazi lymph emzimbeni. Kulokhu, lo cytoplasm edonsa intercellular ukuxhumana umphumela ngenxa izinhlobo ezahlukene izinqubo, cilia fluff. Kilelihlelo (isib flagella noma cilia) angenza umsebenzi motor kwamanye cell amaqhubu abakwazi ukuhamba.

Mitochondria - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu cell organelles abahilelekile ukuphefumula "amayunithi wokuphila" futhi iguqulwe elithile ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene amandla ifomu elitholakala iseli. Eqinisweni, i-mitochondria - iseli kuyinto base amandla, futhi-ke inani idatha organelles kuncike imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-cell, futhi ngomqondo izidingo yayo amandla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi mitochondria aqukethe DNA yabo uchungechunge, lapho kufika ku 2% DNA kanzulu esitokisini.

Enye organelle abahilelekile lokugayeka kokudla - the ribosome. Kuyinto lesi sici yeseli ukhiqiza synthesis amaprotheni. Okubalulekile, amaprotheni zikhona zonke emangqamuzaneni omzimba womuntu, ngaphandle amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ribosomes ahlelwe ngokukhululekile cytoplasm, futhi amaprotheni zamagama inqubo lihlotshaniswa mkhuba transcriptional - ukukopisha ulwazi okuyinto kulotshwe DNA.

iseli organelles nemisebenzi yabo kwakuyodingeka babe ayikho injongo ngokwemvelo, uma kwakungekho-nucleus yengqamuzana. Lokhu organelle kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi iqukethe ndaba ebaluleke kakhulu - chromatin, okuyinto isisekelo kumiswa chromosome. It Ama-chromosomes e adlulisele ulwazi zofuzo iseli ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Ngakho-ke kwakhiwa DNA chromatin is futhi esincane RNA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokwakheka core engena nucleolus - umzimba, lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwezici ribosomes entsha. Ubukhulu Nucleolus iyashiyana indlela olunzulu sihamba amaprotheni zamagama kuseli.

Ekuphetheni, ngokucabangela organelles cell kanye nemisebenzi yabo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi iyini yimuphi omunye "iyunithi ukuphila umzimba", okungase abakhulu esimisiwe. core evamile, lokhu organelle ekhethwe njengedifolthi nomzimba womuntu kubhekwa inhliziyo ezinkulu. Empeleni, zonke organelles ukusekela ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, izinqubo zemvelo nezinto eziphilayo, ukuze ukusebenza iseli, futhi kukhona isethi imisebenzi ehlukene elihlanganiswa ngaphansi yigama elididiyelayo zokuphila.