Inventions Nikoly Tesla. I ucwaningo Nikoly Tesla. Otrkytiya Nikola Tesla

Zimbalwa abantu abangazange wezwa indoda efana Nikola Tesla. Oluthathwa okusunguliwe, izimfihlo, ucwaningo ezithakazelisayo nokwatholakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi babo - yilokho efika engqondweni. Okumangazayo futhi ubuntu usosayensi. Yayingubani le ndoda - uhlanya noma ubuhlakani?

Nokuzalwa nokukhula

Abantu abaningi ukwazi uLeonardo da Vinci, okuyinto kubhekwa genius. Futhi, mhlawumbe, esikhundleni olufanele ekuqa- XIX-XX eminyaka kwaba Nikola Tesla. Biography usosayensi njalo iqala ngendlela efanayo: wazalwa ngoJulayi 10, 1856 edolobhaneni entabeni Smilyan, ngaleso sikhathi owayehamba uMbuso Austria, futhi manje kungokwalabo Croatia. Nikola ngimntwana wesine wompristi Lobu-Orthodox BaseSerbia, kodwa ngemva kokufa umdala mzalwane engozini ngo-1861, wayeyindodana kuphela. Ikilasi lokuqala eqeda lapha emzaneni lapho engazalelwa kulo.

Kamuva lo mkhaya uthuthela Gospic - idolobha elikhulu lapho usosayensi elilandelayo omkhulu Nikola Tesla eseqedile kwamabanga amathathu omkhakha esikoleni sabaqalayo. Ngo-1873 wathola isitifiketi kamatikuletsheni, ngemuva kwekufundza tikhatsi letinyenti ngaleso Higher Real School e Karlovac. Umndeni wakhe wasala Gospic, lapho ebuya ngemva kokuthola imfundo eyisisekelo.

Ezemfundo kanti umsebenzi owengeziwe

Ill nge ikholera ngibalekela duty inkonzo yezempi ngo-mabaqale ukubalekela ezintabeni, Nicola wacabanga mayelana iqhubekisele phambili imfundo yayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyise wayefuna indodana yakhe ukulandela ezinyathelweni zakhe, Nikola uthanda isayensi, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto nethonya. Ngo-1875 ngesikhathi engena Ephakeme Technical School e Graz futhi Ngagxila ekutadisheni isiqokingqo semibala. Ngemva kokusebenza njengomhlengikazi nomfundisi ofundisa Gospic, lapho nomkhaya wakhe babehlala, waya ePrague waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe. Kodwa wafunda Faculty of Philosophy kuphela unyaka, bese waqala ukufuna umsebenzi.

Ngo-1879 wathola umsebenzi enkampanini yocingo e Budapest, lapho eminyakeni emithathu ezayo wasebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ucwaningo yakhe wobunjiniyela kagesi. 1882 Tesla ngathuthela eFrance futhi wajoyina ehhovisi iParis Continental Edison Company, futhi ngashiya phansi ngemva kweminyaka emibili ngoba akusho ukuhoxa-premium kulindeleke ukwethulwa abanye novshevstv ewusizo kakhulu.

Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe e-US

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile waphinde wabuya ukuze inkampani efanayo, kodwa manje waya eNew York. Ngokusemthethweni, isihloko sakhe sasikhuluma 'ngezindaba unjiniyela ukulungisa izinjini kagesi DC ugesi. " 1885 Edison ahlinzekwa Nikola ngcono imishini esithile premium abayizinkulungwane 50. Usosayensi Young baqala icala futhi ngokushesha ezihlongozwayo izixazululo eziningana ukuba le nkinga, kodwa imali angizange ngisithole. UThomas Edison wenqaba ukukhokha kubo, ethi kwaba nje ihlaya. ngokushesha Tesla washiya isikhundla sakhe eyasungulwa inkampani yakhe.

Wathi eqambe isivele Uthole notoriety ezithile futhi kwadingeka okwanele inani elikhulu patent. Ukuthengisa kubo, efika imali eyanele yokwakha lab ephelele ukuthi kuzokwenzekani. Ngo-1899, Nikola Tesla, nabantu abakuphila biography nesithakazelo emhlabeni wonke kuze kube manje, bathuthela emzini Colorado Springs, ise-central United States. Ngemva kwalokho, edolobheni baduma, hhayi okungenani ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi eside, ubelokhu laboratory of isazi sesayensi esidumile. Ekupheleni konyaka efanayo ke waqala enye laboratory - ngalesi sikhathi e-New York. Kodwa ngokushesha ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali, kwadingeka lichaze ukuthi uvale.

Izindawo umsebenzi

Lokhu usosayensi uyasala imisebenzi eminingi futhi izimfihlo. Nikola Tesla kwaba ungomunye wongqondongqondo kulenkhulu isikhathi sakhe, kodwa abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lo muntu wayengumJuda uyahlanya imbulu, bayafuna udumo nemali. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, njengoba isithombe zokuphila usosayensi sika is hhayi ukuqinisekisile.

Tesla wayenesithakazelo emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi, kodwa kuqala kunazo zonke yayinesithakazelo Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka nangezinto zobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeqhuba izifundo nocwaningo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene physics futhi ibhizinisi zobunjiniyela. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, wayethobeke ngokungazenzisi nentshisekelo izinqubo ezenzeka emkhathini, ngaphezu, wafunda lo mkhuba resonance. Ngenxa yalokho yemisebenzi Nikola Tesla wanika yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni eyala eziningi, kanye nentuthuko yayo ehambisana ngisho namuhla, ikakhulukazi Ngokuphathelene naimeneee eyaziwa nokwasungulwa cishe wasenganekwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akubona bonke imibhalo yesandla yesayensi ezisekhona. Okokuqala, kunamagama athile amanothi abangamaSerbia nje ashisiwe, ucabangela ngezenzo zabo eziyingozi kakhulu isintu, futhi eminye imisebenzi Nikoly Tesla, kukholakala ukuthi selidliwe ngabakwa-amasevisi US ngemva kokufa genius.

Izigigaba nokufeza

Ngokuhamba yonke inkathi usosayensi yakhe umsebenzi lithole patent abangamakhulu amaningana emhlabeni wonke, ikhulu namashumi wabo - e-United States. Njengoba izindawo eyinhloko isithakazelo babe electro-ubuchwepheshe, nokusungulwa usebenza Nikola Tesla ikakhulu ezihlobene ekutadisheni kagesi, kanye namadivayisi ehlukahlukene.

Mhlawumbe izenzakalo yakhe kakhulu abalulekile okulandelako:

• AC yokufunda. Watadisha imiphumela ugesi emzimbeni, obeka ucwaningo ngakulona, futhi ngaleyo ndlela wabeka isisekelo nokuphepha yesimanje, kanye zokwelapha ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasungula i-high-imvamisa generator wamanje kanye transformer, okuyinto namanje kabanzi okukhulunywe nje "Tesla Ikhoyili".
• Wachaza lomkhuba we ujikelezisa kazibuthe, kanjalo unezela kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela Amasimu. Ngazakhela multi-Isigaba umshini kagesi, wathola amalungelo obunikazi kubo.
• Emzamweni yokuthuthukisa isibani kusungulwe Edison, wadala neon nezibani Fluorescent.
• Yakhiwe ngu- umsakazo igagasi lokuqala, abasebenza amasignali ukuwudlulisa amandla kwentambo.
• Nguye owasungula izinto futha amanzi, futhi isisekelo yayo - wokuphehla ugesi.
• Esakhiwe lokungeniswa motor.

Lokho inkampani Tesla e 1893 iwine ilungelo bahlanganyele emikhulu ukukhanyisa Fairs eChicago. Ngaphambi kwathiwa ayifakiwe noma iyiphi isikali engaqhathaniswa umsebenzi ofanayo.

Liphinde laziwa kabanzi Uordenkliff phrojekthi. Ukuqalisa Tesla Ngabuza umnikazi ukuxhaswa ngezimali futhi wathola isamba esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku, kanye esiqeshini sendawo ku-Long Island. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi usosayensi kuzodala uhlobo olusha zokuxhumana ukuthi akudingi izintambo futhi ivumela ukuze uthumele ulwazi ahlukahlukene olude. Tower lakhiwa futhi uchungechunge ucwaningo, ngemva kwalokho zimali wayeka uxhaso ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi usosayensi okungeyikho kuye mayelana ensimini yabo yomsebenzi - ukudluliswa ugesi kusukela kwelinye izwekazi beya kwelinye umnikazi ayizange isithakazelo. iphrojekthi Expensive savalwa futhi kwaba ukuqala ekupheleni umsebenzi zezemfundo.

Ngaphezu ezisunguliwe sasivumela owaziwa nemisebenzi, kwakunabanye - ezingaqinisekisiwe, engacabangeki engaqondakali. Kwakumelwe engaqondakali ngakho abantu besikhathi umsunguli ukuthi kwathiwa, sengathi usosayensi libathengisile umphefumulo wakhe kudeveli. ubufakazi Idokhumentari engakaze walondoloza, kodwa kuze kube manje ngokuhamba amahemuhemu mayelana ukubandakanywa Tesla kuya Tunguska ukuqhuma, kokusungulwa kagesi, ukuthatha amandla aphume ndawo, kanye nezinye, amathuluzi ngokulinganayo ongaqondakali futhi ucwaningo.

ubuntu

Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane, Tesla ayevelele abanye weirdo. Pearl, amapentshisi, iphepha amashidi okuyinto zehliswa emanzini, kumbangela ukuphendula ingafaneleki. Esemncane ayekuthanda ukufunda, futhi kwadingeka inkumbulo kakhulu. Umfana Wayeyithanda nemidlalo ongaphandle, futhi kamuva - imicimbi yezemidlalo. Lutho neze ukuthi khona umuntu kungenzeka wabikezela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzoba edume umhlaba esikhathini esizayo.

Kwakuwusuku ongaziwa ukuthi ebusheni bakhe Nikola ngobuqotho ngokuphelele ezahlukene. Yena wazinikela ngokuphelele ukuba isayensi ukuphila wayeyindoda enesizungu. Wahlala engashadile futhi benqaba zobumfihlo. Ngemva uzuza udumo Tesla lidumile abesifazane, ngokuvamile ngendlela engenathemba ukuthandana nalo usosayensi. Futhi akumangalisi - engafani ukubukeka ngempela sibukeka kahle futhi ngaphandle, ukuthi kwakunguJesu umsunguli abadumile Nikola Tesla. Biography usosayensi mlando wafunda ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi iningi labo liye lafinyelela isiphetho sokuthi ukwenqaba zokuphila kwakhe kwaba ngokuphelele. Kodwa izinkanuko kaPlato babe - ngakho wayelokhu isikhafu omkhulu Sary Bernar, owahlangabeza izikhathi eziningana.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi intshisekelo omkhulu kuyinto okusunguliwe Nikoly Tesla, niwubone umzimba wakhe uqobo namanje ngempela ongaqondakali. Ngokungafani nezinye onjiniyela abaningi, ososayensi, cishe zonke azenza ekuqaleni yakhelwe engqondweni, kuphela ke hlola imicabango yabo kanye nemibono ongazijwayele. Le ndlela esingavamile ngempela futhi akuwona wonke umuntu. Wayesebenza ngokwabo futhi njalo wafunda, engazi ukhathele hhayi ukuzinika phefu. Abacwaningi ukuhlola konke, ngisho imibono kakhulu okungenangqondo ezibonakala futhi wancika umuzwa. Kuyinto lokhu ukuphikelela, ingqondo ethakazelisayo, ilukuluku kanye ukuzethemba zehlisa ezinye izinto ezisunguliwe abadumile Nikoly Tesla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhokha ukunakwa nempilo. Mhlawumbe yilokhu wamvumela ukuba siphile ngokuvumelana ayesekhule kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Tesla besihambisana nesiminyaminya abanye, uma sikubeka kahle, eyinqaba. Ngakho, akazange ukubekezelela nokuxhawulana nazo zonke nabantu. Abasebenzi hotel, wahlala khona njengomfokazi usosayensi othile, ayikwazanga asondele kuye uhla close. Kodwa uJonathan wayekuthanda ukusebenza amajuba, wabondla yakhuluma nabo. Izinyoni isayensi salandelwa owesifazane, wayengazimisele zokushada.

Kwakuwusuku usosayensi futhi propensity kwabanye eyinqaba. Ezinjengenyanga namagilavu wayegqoke kanye kuphela, bese wabaphonsa waphakamisela. Futhi kusukela ngomdlalo wabo emibukisweni, ngezinye izikhathi wenza show real. Ngakho, ngo-1893, ukufakazisa ukuthi isitatimende ngezingozi AC kabi komuntu, Tesla badabula umzimba wakhe mayelana volts kwezigidi ezimbili. Futhi ingabe akukhona nje ukuthi iyaphila, kuphambene ukwesaba, kodwa kwakusasele alimale ngokuphelele. Njengoba kahle imibukiso indaba, Tesla, singasho, wafuna khombisa imiphumela yocwaningo lwalo ngangokunokwenzeka ngokucacile nangempumelelo. Yena wayelwazi ezinye ethusayo.

Ukuphela ukuphila

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuthuthukiswa Nikoly Tesla akazange ihluke nokuvikeleka wabulala usosayensi akunjalo. Eseluphele sasivumela ubudala, nje ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili, eshayiswa yimoto, yabona izimbambo eziphukile. Usosayensi waphenduka esembhedeni unomphela futhi bahlupheka kakhulu ngoba lenkaba yawo, okuyinto Yiqiniso, akazange engeza empilweni yakhe. Ekuqaleni kuka-January 1943 usosayensi wafa ehhotela e-New York. Imbangela olusemthethweni yokufa ayikazeki ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ebizwa ngokuthi. Tesla Ubeneminyaka engu-86 ubudala.

Umzimba wawuhlukaniswe sebefile nomlotha manje emnyuziyamu Belgrade ezibizwa ngegama lakhe. Bashiyele inzalo yabo ifa imali, ngoba bonke imali yakho ayihlala ekuthuthukisweni kanye nasekuqalisweni ucwaningo, usosayensi wanika inzalo ka-into ebaluleke kakhulu - ulwazi, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe by amashumi namakhulu eminyaka.

Inani emlandweni ukusetshenziswa umsebenzi

Kukholakala ukuthi usosayensi brilliant Nikola Tesla, Biography nokwasungulwa okuyizinto namanje isihloko ngokucophelela, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe futhi Yabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe eziphambili kagesi.

Ngaphandle ezitholwe zakhe zezwe, mhlawumbe, kwakuyoba kuyiwa, ngoba abanye kakade sesinomkhuba, izinto ngeke ibe khona, futhi intuthuko lobuchwepheshe akahambe inkambo ehlukile. Ezinye sokuthuthuka, ogama amasignisha kungukuthi walondoloza, kulindelwe kokusungulwa Eminyakeni yamuva nje mina emashumini. Ngakho, enye patent zakamuva ososayensi uqukethe ulwazi mayelana endizeni ehlanganisa izici indiza enophephela emhlane. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe ngokushesha idivayisi efanayo titawudvwetjwa futhi ngeke yehle ukuphila. Tesla uqobo neze ezezimali ngokwanele ukuze kwakhiwe sibonelo.

Radar, elawulwa kude, abanye izinhlobo ama-globe kagesi - lezi ezinye nje uhlu encane, ngaphandle okuyinto Kwakuyodingeka enze ngaphandle kokwenza ubuhlakani Serbian yezinto ezinkulu. Futhi omunye Ngeke siyiqonde ngokuphelele indlela ayemangaki, abantu basuke bemhlonipha kancane nakakhulu. Kungani kufanele kuphela edumile injini uphethiloli khulula Tesla. Icebo kule divayisi - isihloko umsebenzi ososayensi abaningi kanye abathanda ngoba nje kufanele kube lula ngokwanele, kanye lingasuswa yakhelwe ezingeni ubuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuzo uyasala ngomthombo amandla ukusuthisa generator Nikola Tesla. Ngokusho usosayensi, it yasakazwa. Ingabe-ke ihlaya wayeyisazi umphakathi noma kwakuhileleke ukuthi ayikatholakali physics zanamuhla futhi inzherenam? Kunoma ikuphi, ngesikhathi abalandeli uzama ukuphindaphinda ezinye usosayensi nakho nocwaningo, esekelwe incazelo ucwaningo. Ngeshwa, abambalwa kungaba ozibongayo okungenani abanye impumelelo.

Nikoly Tesla ucwaningo baletha emhlabeni amathuluzi eziningi ezimangalisayo, unikezwa ukuthuthukiswa emikhakheni eminingi physics futhi eyayilokhu isayensi phambili. Futhi izwe namanje ezibuza ukuthi lo muntu ungungqondongqondo noma uhlanya - kuyinto engavamile ngakho babe izithakazelo zakhe, nakho kanye nentuthuko. Mhlawumbe yingakho abantu namanje ukhohlwe yini Nikola Tesla.

okusungulile oluthathwa

Qamba usosayensi sizungezwe amahemuhemu eziningi. sibalo sakhe bezilokhu kubhebhethekiswe ngumuntu aura ethile eyimfihlakalo, okuyinto kuphela unezela ukuthandwa kwakhe. Futhi hhayi indima wokugcina kule wadlala ezisunguliwe ayashaqisa futhi ucwaningo, okuyinto ezingeni samanje ukuthuthukiswa isayensi namanje abakwazi ukuchaza noma ukuphinda.

Popular amahemuhemu iyona Amazing kakhulu futhi wenziwa endaweni ebanzi uhlu, okubandakanya imfihlo futhi cishe okusungulile wasenganekwaneni Nikoly Tesla. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke phakathi kwabo - edume ukufa ray, okuyinto abasaya legends emangalisayo. Kukhona theory owawuthi ekuqaleni kwaba ngezinye amandla kanzulu ezingase abuqede empini. Esikhathini esizayo, abanye newspapermen misquoted usosayensi, futhi kwakubonakala sengathi njengoba le nganekwane edume kunayo ray ukufa, okuyinto engaciba phansi izindiza kude kakhulu futhi kwenziwe ibulale amakhulu ezinkulungwane amasosha. Ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi le divayisi esashiwo Tesla manje akwenzeki - ngemva kokufa kwakhe zonke izincwadi eziphathelene nentuthuko yayo, iye yashabalala. Ngisho phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe awunikelanga ubufakazi bokuba khona "ukufa ray."

amahemuhemu Abantu ivela futhi usosayensi indima ebalulekile Tunguska mkhuba. Njengoba yaziwa, esenzeka-June 30, 1908, futhi engakaze uphenyo ngokugcwele, kunenkolelo yokuthi imbangela kuqhuma ibhomu kakhulu ngemva kwaba kwemvula yezinkanyezi ezinomsila, kodwa izinsalela zalo atholakele. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, konke okuye kwenzeka - umphumela omunye ucwaningo Tesla amandla ukudluliswa buqamama. Uma kunjalo, mhlawumbe kungaba kubhekwe yimpumelelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi inkulumo mayelana iqhaza Tesla encwadini edumile Philadelphia Isilingo, ngesikhathi umkhumbi futhi abantu kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili kuso kuhanjiswe ku prostranestve ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi. I-US Navy uye ikuphikile sifeza lesi nakho, ukuze amahemuhemu ngaye, esikhundleni, kuze legends ezisemadolobheni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ukubamba iqhaza ubuhlakani Serbian ekuhlolweni Philadelphia ingaphezu ngabazeka, ngoba, njengoba kunenkolelo ukuthi yilowo owaqhutshelwa e-October 1943, futhi usosayensi wafa ekuqaleni kuka-January.

Abaningi wakhuluma ukuthi, ukuthi Tesla uye baphumelele ezinye kudalwa izakhiwo plasma abandayo. Ifuna usosayensi wathola elikhazimulayo amabhola ngobukhulu ibhola kungenzeka usiphathe zisezandleni zakhe, efakwa ebhokisini, futhi ukuhlala bathinteka. Izinhlaka sesimi imizuzu eminingana. Kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwaba ibhola umbani, noma imininingwane ngqo, Lutho neze. Cishe, abantu nje woza ukuhlobanisa amahemuhemu oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke futhi engavamile ukuthi benza Nikola Tesla. Kubonakala sengathi wonke umuntu ufuna nje ukukholelwa ezimangalisweni.

Izinkomba e isiko, the perpetuation imemori

Okumangazayo izibalo physics siyaqhubeka ikhathaze izingqondo zabantu abavamile, ngisho kwamanje. ifa Omkhulu, kuyinqaba, ekusithekeni kakhulu - konke okuyizinto ukusiza Tesla ukuhlala kumemori abantu ngisho nangemva ngemva kokufa kwakhe amashumi amaningi eminyaka.

Ngakho, ososayensi uvele movie "The Prestige," mayelana jugglers emibili engqubuzanayo. Futhi isithakazelo azenza, elivela ifilimu, kuphela ukufuthelana - njengoba ziyimfihlakalo, nakuba kusobala ukuthi eqanjiwe. Eqinisweni emphilweni usosayensi angikaze wasebenza inkinga teleportation zabantu. Ngezinye Imininingwane okungenani olunembile ngalokhu akuzange kwenzeke.

Igama lakhe kunikezwa ezitaladini emadolobheni amaningana, esikhumulweni sezindiza. Yena livela imali yamaphepha Serbian futhi zemali esiyisikhumbuzo, lesikhumbuzo yakhe lamiswao. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ezintsha American wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa izimoto kagesi, wathatha igama yokudumisa umuntu owadala prototype injini esebenza ngamandla we-AC. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi inkampani ebizwa Tesla Motors. Futhi isivele eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi eziningi lisasebenza nje ngegama umsunguli walo, owayeneminyaka Nikola Tesla. Ikhoyili, generator, injini namanye amadivayisi amaningi engasiza ekusindiseni inkumbulo yomuntu igama ubuhlakani Serbian.

Futhi, mhlawumbe, inkokhiso eziyinhloko inkumbulo usosayensi omkhulu - I SI iyunithi lokungeniswa kazibuthe ubizwa ngokuthi "Tesla". Manje kuyini lokho ubuhlakani ongaqondakali isikhathi eside bazosala izingqondo zabantu. Futhi ubani owazi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze aqhube ukuthuthukiswa yabo ngeke. Mhlawumbe ngisho ne ukuthuthukiswa samanje isayensi ayikakwazi kukghonakale ukuhlola lokhana ngokugcwele zonke igalelo isithunzi.