Ordinary futhi aya kanye nokusebenza nabo

Kakade esikoleni esiphansi, abafundi ibhekene izingxenyana zaso. Bese ivele indaba ephathwayo ngamunye. Khohlwa isenzo nge lezi zinombolo akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwazi lonke ulwazi mayelana amafraktjhini ezivamile futhi ledesimali. Lezi imiqondo ilula, into esemqoka - ukuqonda konke ukuze.

Kungani nezingxenyana zegazi?

Izwe elisizungezile siqukethe izinto lonke. Ngakho-ke, olinganise edingekayo. Kodwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke njalo odlulela abantu ukusebenza izingxenye lezinto nezinto.

Ngokwesibonelo, ushokoledi yakhiwa clove amaningi. Cabanga ngesimo yakheke lapho by nambili calandze tile. Uma-ke ihlukaniswe ezimbili, uthola 6 izicucu. It is kahle ihlukaniswe futhi ezintathu. Kodwa ezinhlanu ngeke bakwazi ezintweni eziningi tincetu ushokoledi.

By the way, lezi zingxeenye - kakade esingu. Esinye division yabo kuphakamisa izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Uyini "umqulu"?

Le nombolo yakhiwa izingxenye iyunithi. Ngaphandle, kubonakala nezinombolo amabili ngezintambo ezinqamula isleshi noma ovundlile. Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi wamaqhuzu. Inombolo ebhaliwe phezulu (ngakwesokunxele), ubizwa ngokuthi numerator. Yini imele ezansi (kwesokudla), kuba zifana.

Eqinisweni, emgqeni ingxenyenamba kuwuphawu division. Okungukuthi, numerator angabizwa ngokuthi idividendi, kanye zihilela - ehlukanisayo.

Yiziphi nezingxenyana zegazi?

Esifundweni sezibalo, banayo izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela: abavamile futhi aya. Nge abafundi yokuqala yethulwa kuleli amamaki aphansi, ebabiza ngokuthi "badutshulwe." Okwesibili ukufunda ku-grade 5th. Kulapho avele la magama.

amafraktjhini Common - bonke labo eqoshiwe nezinombolo amabili ngezintambo ezinqamula dash. Ngokwesibonelo, 4/7. Decimal - inombolo lapho ingxenye wamaqhuzu yerekhodi positional futhi uyashiywa lonke ngekhefana. Ngokwesibonelo, 4.7. Abafundi kudingeka ukuba baqonde ngokucacile ukuthi lezi zibonelo ezimbili - iyinombolo ehluke ngokuphelele.

Njalo ingxenyenamba elula singatlolwa bunjesi a ledesimali. Lesi sitatimende cishe njalo kweqiniso reverse. Kukhona imithetho sikwazi nekubhala ezivamile ingxenyenamba yedesimali.

Yini zenyathi babe zalezi zinhlobo nezingxenyana zegazi?

Kungcono ukuqala ngokulandelana kokwenzeka kwazo, njengoba bebizwa lafundvwako. Eyokuqala ukuya amafraktjhini abavamile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona 5 zenyathi.

1. Lungile. numerator wayo uhlale esingaphansi zifana.

2. Engalungile. Yena numerator mkhulu noma ilingane zifana.

3. Contractility / irreducible. Kungaba kokubili ilungile futhi ayilungile. Yini ebaluleke kakhulu, ngabe numerator kuya zifana nezici ezivamile. Uma kukhona, ke bathembele uhlukanise zombili izinhlangothi ingxenyenamba, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa ke.

4. Mixed. Ukuze lesifanele (okungalungile) ayingxenye ukumshumayeza komkhuba isibaluli yinombolo. Futhi kuba njalo ngakwesokunxele.

5. Uphiko. Kumiswa It is kwamafrakshini amabili ngezintambo ezinqamula nomunye. Okungukuthi, it has amasileshi ezintathu nje.

Thina aya kukhona zenyathi ezimbili kuphela:

• Ekugcineni, okuyile lapho ingxenye wamaqhuzu is iphahlwe (inomkhawulo);

• elingapheli - Inombolo idesimali indawo akugcini (ungabhala bangaphezi).

Indlela ukuguqula i-ledesimali a inhlamba?

Uma iyinombolo ezilinganiselwe, bese usebenzisa inhlangano esekelwe phezu - Ngizwa, ngiloba kanjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka ukufunda nokubhala kahle, kodwa ngaphandle iphuzu idesimali, futhi slash.

Njengoba utshelwa ukuba zihilela, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi kuhlale omunye futhi abanye zero. Isidingo yokugcina ukubhala amadijithi eziningi engxenyeni ayingxenye ye inombolo ukhathazekile.

Indlela ukuguqula aya libe izabelo ezivamile uma inamba ingxenye sishoda, kukhona zero? Ngokwesibonelo, 0.9 noma 0.05. Ngemva ukusebenzisa lo mthetho, kuvela ukuthi udinga ukubhala zero iphuzu. Kodwa ayicacisiwe. It uhlala letawubhalwa izingxenye wamaqhuzu kuphela. Inani lokuqala zifana uyalingana 10, owesibili - 100. Lokho, lezi zibonelo kuyodingeka eziningi izimpendulo: 9/10, 5/100. Lesi sakamuva kuvela zingancishiswa ngokushintsha 5. Ngakho-ke, umphumela ukuze kubhalwe 1/20.

Bobabili kusukela idesimali ukwenza okwejwayelekile, uma inamba ingxenye kuhlukile zero? Ngokwesibonelo, 5,23 noma 13,00108. Kuzo zombili izibonelo, integer ingxenye ifundwa nokubaluleka kwalo kulotshwe. Esimweni sokuqala - 5, okwesibili - 13. Khona-ke udinga uqhubekela wamaqhuzu ingxenye. Bancika ukuqhuba ngendlela efanayo. Inombolo yokuqala ibonakala 23/100, kwesibili - 108/100000. Inani lesibili kufanele encishisiwe futhi. Ukuphendula sithola lezi zingxenyana okuxubile 5 futhi 23/100 13 27/25000.

Indlela yokuhumusha i idesimali akunamkhawulo ezivamile?

Uma kuwukuthi okungenayo inkathi, ngeke kwenzeke ukuba afeze ukuhlinzwa okunjalo. Leli qiniso kungenxa yokuthi ingxenyenamba ngamunye idesimali njalo elihunyushwe noma ukuphela noma ngezikhathi ezithile.

Into kuphela ovunyelwe ukwenza le shot - iwukuba nxazonke. Kodwa ke idesimali kuyoba cishe elilingana ukuthi engapheli. It kakade zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela wezabelo ezijwayelekile. Kodwa reverse inqubo: ukudluliselwa idesimali - ungalilahli i ukubaluleka kokuqala. Lokho, okungenayo inkathi amafraktjhini akunamkhawulo ezivamile kungukuthi elihunyushwe. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhumbule.

Kanjani ukuba babhale ingxenyenamba elingapheli gqwa ngesimo abavamile?

Kulezi zibalo emva iphuzu zamadesimali njalo avele eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amadijithi ukuthi ukuphinda. Zibizwa ngokuthi inkathi. Ngokwesibonelo, 0.3 (3). Lapha, igama elithi "3" esikhathini. Bangabakhe ekilasini okunengqondo, ngoba zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela amafraktjhini abavamile.

Labo abahlangabezana enamafrakshini gqwa, ukuthi kungaba okumsulwa noma okuxubile yaziwa. Esimweni sokuqala, isikhathi iqala kwesokudla iphuzu zamadesimali. Esikhathini yesibili - wamaqhuzu ingxenye iqala noma iziphi izinombolo bese uphinda uqala.

A Ukubusa ukuthi kumele yalotshwa njengezingoma zohlobo oluthile lobufanako ingxenyenamba yedesimali olungenamkhawulo, uyokwenza kube ehlukile izinhlobo ezimbili izinombolo. ingxenyenamba Net gqwa ashise nje abavamile. Njenganoma ukuphela, kumele ukuguqula kubo: ku numerator kwesikhathi kuvuthe, kanye zihilela inombolo 9, okuyinto okuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka izinombolo aqukethe isikhathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, 0 (5). Lonke ingxenye inombolo kusuka lapho, ngakho ngidinga ukuqala wamaqhuzu. I numerator yerekhodi 5 njengoba zihilela endaweni 9. Lokho, impendulo ingxenyenamba 5/9.

Umthetho mayelana nendlela ukubhala ezejwayelekile gqwa idesimali ingxenyenamba, axutshwa.

• Bala kwamadijithi wamaqhuzu nesikhathi. Bayoba akhombise inani amaqanda ku zifana.

• Bheka ubude kwesikhathi. 9 uzoba kakhulu zifana.

• Record zifana: owokuqala ayisishiyagalolunye, bese amaqanda.

• Ukuze sithole numerator, kubalulekile ukuba alobe umehluko phakathi izinombolo ezimbili. Liyancipha kukhona wonke amadijithi emva iphuzu zamadesimali, kanye nenkathi. Ezikhokhiswayo - akusona isikhathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, 0.5 (8) - ubhale ingxenyenamba gqwa idesimali ngesimo abavamile. Ingxenye wamaqhuzu kwesikhathi ngaphambi kukhona eyodwa sibalo. Zero kusho ukuthi ziyoba khona omunye. Esikhathini esifanayo, inombolo eyodwa kuphela - 8. Lokho ayisishiyagalolunye eyodwa. Okungukuthi, e-zihilela ukubhala 90.

Ukuze sithole numerator we 58 kudingekile ukuze iqede 5 uphendulela 53. Impendulo isibonelo kufanele babhale phansi 53/90.

Indlela yokuhumusha letetayelekile ukuba aya?

Inketho elula inombolo, lapho zihilela inombolo 10, 100 njalonjalo. Khona-ke zihilela omane kulahliwe, kodwa phakathi wonke nezingxenye ayingxenye ye ukhefana.

Kunezimo lapho zihilela abasheshe aguqulwa kuya ku-10, 100 njalonjalo. D. Ngokwesibonelo, izinombolo 5, 20, 25. Basuke ngokwanele iphindwe 2, 5 no-4, ngokulandelana. Vele kuphinde uncika hhayi kuphela zifana, kodwa numerator ngenani elifanayo.

Ukuze zonke ezinye amacala Nanku umthetho osebenzayo elula: ukwehlukana numerator yi zifana. ezilinganiselwe noma gqwa idesimali ingxenyenamba: Kulokhu, ezimbili izinguqulo izimpendulo ungavula.

Izenzo enamafrakshini ezivamile

Kuhlanganisa nekususa

Nabo, abafundi baziswa phambi kwabanye. Futhi ekuqaleni e amafraktjhini we zihilela efanayo, bese ezahlukene. Imithetho General zingancishiswa plan onjalo.

1. Thola okuncane kokuphinda okuvamile kwe-denominators.

2. Qopha izinto ezengeziwe ezehlela bonke izingxenyana zaso.

3. Uphindaphinde numerators futhi denominators eminye lezi zici.

4. Songa (ukhupha) the numerator kanye Iningi wezindleko zihlala zinjalo.

5. Uma numerator ingaphansi ezikhokhiswayo encishisiwe, wena ke kudingeka sithole phambi kwethu inombolo okuxubile noma ingxenyenamba efanele.

6. Esimweni sokuqala, lonke kunesidingo sokuba ngithathe omunye. Ukwengeza zihilela numerator. Bese enze nokukhipha.

7. In the yesibili - kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise isimiso ukukhupha yenombolo encane emikhulu. Lokho sisuswe mojula ukuze ukhupha liyancipha wemfihlo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ukubeka uphawu "-".

8. Ulibukisisa umphumela kwalokho (ukukhupha). Uma uthola le shot okungalungile, khona-ke thina ukhethe inamba ingxenye. Lokho ukwehlukana numerator yi zifana.

Ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa

Ukuze uthole ingxenyenamba ukusebenza kwabo akadingi kuholele zifana. Lokhu lula ukuqaliswa isenzo. Kodwa namanje bathembele ukulandela imithetho.

1. Ngezinye ukubuyabuyelela kwamafrakshini kubalulekile ukucabangela inombolo numerator kanye Iningi. Uma noma numerator kanye Iningi abe isici esivamile, zingase ukusika.

2. Uphindaphinde numerators.

3. Uphindaphinde denominators.

4. Uma kuvulwe ingxenyenamba cancellative, kucatshangwa ukuba lula futhi.

5. Uma ehlukana, kuzomele uqale esikhundleni division by ukubuyabuyelela, le isihlukanisi (Inhlamvu yesibili) - wadutshulwa ngemuva (swayipha numerator kanye Iningi).

6. Badlule njengasezulwini ukubuyabuyelela (kusuka isinyathelo 1).

7. Ngo imisebenzi lapho nande (ukuhlukana) kumele ibe inamba, lona wamuva uncika bunjesi amafraktjhini okungafanele. Okungukuthi, kanye zihilela 1. Badlule njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Izenzo ne aya

Kuhlanganisa nekususa

Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuguqula ledesimali ingxenyenamba inhlamba. Futhi isinyathelo ecebeni kakade kuchazwe. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isimo sikuvumela ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kudlulisela. Khona-ke imithetho kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha abafana ncamashi.

1. Nokulinganisa inombolo kwamadijithi engxenyeni ayingxenye ye inombolo, okungukuthi, emva iphuzu zamadesimali. Mnikeni awunazo inani amaqanda.

2. Record ingxenyenamba ukuze ukhefana kwaba ukhefana.

3. Songa (sisuswe) njengoba izinombolo zemvelo.

4. Phathani ukhefana.

Ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa

Kubalulekile ukuthi asikho isidingo Jobelela amaqanda. Izingxenyana kufanele ukushiya ngesimo lapho zinikwa kulesibonelo. Bese iya ngqo ngokohlelo.

1. Ukuze siphindaphindeka enamafrakshini ukuze ubhale ngezansi nezinye khokhela hhayi lalelisisa kuze amakhoma.

2. Phindaphinda izinombolo njengoba zemvelo.

3. Beka ukhefana kumpendulo kukalwa kusukela ekupheleni kwesokudla ngempendulo Izinombolo eziningi njengoba kufanele ibe kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile kokubili izici.

4. Ukuze uhlukanise, kuzomele uqale ukuguqula isihlukanisi: ukwenza kube inombolo zemvelo. Okungukuthi, kuphindaphindwe ngo-10, 100, nokunye. E., Ngokuya ngenombolo kwamadijithi engxenyeni ayingxenye ye ehlukanisayo.

5. Inani elifanayo siphindwe nenzuzo.

6. Hlukanisa idesimali ngenombolo zemvelo.

7. Beka ukhefana kumpendulo ngesikhathi ekupheleni wonke division.

Kuthiwani uma kulesibonelo efanayo, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili nezingxenyana zegazi?

Yebo Mathematics izimo njalo lapho udinga ukwenza izenzo abavamile futhi aya. Kulezi imisebenzi, kukhona izixazululo ezimbili. Kuyadingeka ukuba ngeso elibanzi nesisindo izinombolo bese ukhetha okungcono.

Indlela yokuqala: ukucabanga idesimali abavamile

Kuyinto efanelekile uma division noma ukudlulisela amafraktjhini lokugcina etholakala. Uma inombolo okungenani oyedwa kukunikeza gqwa ingxenye, le ndlela isetshenziswa akuvunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma ungathandi ukusebenza enamafrakshini ezivamile, kubalulekile ukuba ababheke.

Indlela yesibili: ukubhala aya abavamile

Le ndlela kuyinto elula uma ingxenye emva ukhefana ngamadijithi 1-2. Uma kukhona ngaphezulu, ungase ube esikhulu kakhulu amafraktjhini ezivamile futhi okufakiwe idesimali uvumele ukubala kusheshe futhi kube lula umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke njalo kunesidingo ukuze soberly ukuhlola umsebenzi bese ukhetha indlela elula yekusombulula.