Ngubani spravschik? Lena esikhethekile ngesikhathi Ukuphrinta House

izincwadi Wezingane waqala ukuthuthukiswa yayo njengenhlangano isiqondiso ezimele ekhulwini XVII. Umsunguli wawo is spravschik Savvaty, Carion Istomin noSimeyoni ka Polotsk. Kwakungobani laba bantu? Yini eyenza benze umsebenzi wokubhala? Cabangela isibonelo imbongi Savvatii.

Ngubani spravschik

Le ndoda, ngubani kwakunjalo ekhulwini XVII, isikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu e-ukuphrinta endlini YaseMoscow. Wayengabizwa esimisiwe kuphela umuntu wasebukhosini. Futhi ukuthi kwakudingeka abe nemfundo enhle futhi idumela lihle. Umuntu ngokufaka isicelo spravschika, kwadingeka ngempela ukuze waziwe e kwezakhi ephakeme emphakathini, kanye entree endilingeni asebukhosini.

Zonke izici ohlwini possessed spravschik Savvaty. Eyokuqala imbongi zezingane kushiya incazelo emfushane yomlando wakhe emibhalweni yakhe siqu.

umlandvomufi

Ucwaningo olwenziwa abalobi, ukunikeza isizathu ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi Savvaty enenkosikazi futhi izingane. Kodwa omunye yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ngokuvamile raged ngaleso sikhathi e-Europe kanye eRussia, walahlekelwa umndeni wakhe.

Amaqiniso abonisa ukuthi Savvaty baba indela ngemva kwezenzakalo edabukisayo. Waqala ukukhonza kule ezibiyele kwelinye enkantolo yesonto. Kwakukhona abazana naye othayi eduze namalungu asebukhosini.

Ukubekwa ehhovisi

indoda Bafunde livele hhayi kuphela nenkosi, kodwa abaningi nezicukuthwane yesikhathi. Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto Filaret uqobo Kunconywa indela ukukhonza endlini ukunyathelisa, lapho engamiswa, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i spravschik. Lokhu kuye kwavula amathuba amasha Sabbatius.

Waba bahileleke imisebenzi zemfundo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi anakho isikole lapho izingane babefundiswa izicukuthwane wavulwa. Ukufundisa ekhaya awuzange ayifakiwe umkhuba uthisha.

izingane Ukufundisa Savvaty wayeqonda ukuthi ku arsenal of the othisha ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izincwadi ekhethekile oluncane olwakhula ongasiza ekukhuleni kwengane, efundisa yakhe nemithetho yesayensi. Spravschik lesi simo wazama ukulungisa, kokuba iye bekwi-lokubhala izinkondlo zezingane. Imisebenzi amabili eyaziwa imbongi nanye ngokukhethekile kulotshelwe isizukulwane abasebasha. Iningi lazo ezibekwe kokufunda le ncwadi, esanyatheliswa kuyi ukuphrinta endlini YaseMoscow ngo 1634. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ebhukwinitifundvo ukuthi ikhishwe. Kuyinto kule hlobo lebhuku ososayensi bathola izinkondlo zezingane ukuthi wabhala spravschik. Lokhu kuhle, izihloko ezehlukene, lula bezibona zezingane umsebenzi. Lokhu yezikhalazo umntwana eseyintsha izincwadi. izinkondlo Sabbatius zafakwa ngokushesha wayibona futhi wayazisa abagxeki.

Izihloko imisebenzi zezingane

Namuhla amazwi yokuvalelisa nombhali wezincwadi noma izincwadi akuyona into umfundi engavamile. Kodwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVII, nombhali ukwelashwa okunjalo kwaba eseyintsha zangempela. Kuyinto inkondlo ebhalwe Savvaty abafundi zabo ezincane. Umkhiqizo selifakiwe ekuqaleni incwadi, eyenzelwe ukufunda. Kuyo umbhali liyasiqinisekisa abantwana bakwa ekufundisweni abayitholayo. Kudinga ukuzikhandla kanye eqhathanisa izifundo zakhe nge lo msebenzi onzima kangaka. Futhi, izikhathi eziningana umbhali useqala ukukhuluma ngesidingo inhlonipho abeluleki abathintekayo kulo ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa kwezingane.

Spravschik Savvaty kwenye inkondlo ezama ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ingane okwazi kakhulu yokufunda, kodwa ukuvilapha kakhulu. ithuluzi Sikhungo umbhali ukungaqedeli usongo nesifiso ukubhekana umfundi ngokwenyama, nokuqiniseka.
Kwesinye umsebenzi imbongi ikhombisa umfundi efanayo, kodwa washintsha isimo sabo maqondana yokufunda. Umbhali uthola amazwi udumo umfundi. Of nebugagu betemibhalo Savvaty usebenzisa izifaniso ezicacile, ukuphikiswa, okwenza imisebenzi ulimi olucacile futhi ongasoze.