Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi: imisebenzi best of the ubuqhawe abantu baseSoviet

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi saba undabamlonyeni, ikakhulukazi kwamaSoviet, njengoba abalobi abaningi baye bahlanganyela nakho kwabo siqu kanye ngokwabo baye babhekana zonke izinto ezinyantisa umzimba ezichazwe ngokuhlanganyela amasosha abavamile. Akumangazi ukuthi ezempi kuqala bese eminyakeni post-yimpi zaziphawuleka ngokubhala uchungechunge imisebenzi elalinikezelwe ubuqhawe abantu baseSoviet alwa ukuhlukumezana eJalimane lobuNazi. asinakulishalazela izincwadi ezinjalo uhlangothi bese ukhohlwa ngazo, ngoba kusenza sicabange ephathelene nokuphila kanye nokufa, impi nokuthula, esikhathini esidlule namanje. Sikunikeza uhlu lwezincwadi engcono enikelwe le Mpi Enkulu Patriotic, okuyinto kuwufanele ukufunda futhi uyifunde.

UVasil Bykov

UVasil Bykov (izincwadi abekwe ngezansi) - esivelele umbhali Soviet, isishoshovu kwezenhlalo futhi ilungu seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Mhlawumbe labalobi edume kunazo amanoveli impi. Bykov wabhala ikakhulukazi mayelana izinqumo zokuziphatha umuntu phakathi kovivinyo olunzima, ehlela phezu waba isabelo sakhe, futhi ubuqhawe of amasosha abavamile. UVasil Vladimirovich bebabaza emibhalweni yakhe feat abantu baseSoviet ngo ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngezansi sibheka amanoveli edume kakhulu yile umbhali: "Sotnikov", "Obelisk" nesithi "kuze kuse."

"Sotnikov"

Indaba sabhalwa ngo-1968. Lena esinye isibonelo sendlela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe achazwa izincwadi. Ekuqaleni wakhetha wabizwa ngokuthi "Ukuqedwa" futhi indaba Wawugujelwani ukuhlangana UMBHALI wangaphambili umzalwane nebutho, ayebabheka njengamalungu efile. Ngo-1976, ngesisekelo le ncwadi, ifilimu "Vuka" yathathwa.

Tale isitshela indaba a engabandlululi, okuyinto edinga kakhulu amalungiselelo nemithi. Ukuze izimpahla wathumela Umdobi futhi Sotnikova bokusungula, ohlushwa impilo, kodwa ibizwa ukuya, njengoba izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezingaphezu engatholakali. izizinda Long phila ucinge abashokobezi edolobhaneni Lyasiny, nanka ukuphumula kancane bese uthola isidumbu imvu. Manje singakwazi ubuyele emuva. Kodwa uma sebebuya, bakhubeka ihlukane amaphoyisa. Sotnikov is walimala. Manje umdobi anayo ukuze asindise ukuphila komngane wakhe futhi alethe izabelo wathembisa ekamu. Nokho, akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe, futhi bobabili ukuwela ezandleni yama-Jalimane.

"Obelisk"

Baningi imisebenzi mayelana nempi ebhaliwe UVasil Bykov. Umbhali wencwadi ngokuvamile achazwe ngayo. Enye yalezi zincwadi kwaba indaba "Obelisk". Umkhiqizo kusekelwe uhlobo "Indaba ngaphakathi indaba" futhi uhlamvu evelele nobuqhawe.

I hero inoveli, ogama lakhe namanje ayikaziwa, ifika ngesikhathi kufihlwa pavla Miklashevicha, othisha yasemakhaya. Emngcwabeni umufi zonke khumbula izwi elihle, kodwa ke kuziwa ngenyanga, futhi bonke buthule. Endleleni ekhaya iqhawe ucela nomngane wakhe, yini isimo sengqondo sabanye Claus kufanele Miklashevich. Khona-ke watshelwa ukuthi Frost waba nguthisha salowo oshonile. Aphatha ngayo abantwana njengomkhaya, ukunakekela kwabo, futhi Miklashevich, okuyinto bacindezela uyise, wathatha ukuphila ngedwa. Lapho kuqala impi, Frost wasiza abashokobezi. Leli dolobhana kwakuhlezi amaphoyisa. Esinye isifundo sakhe, kuhlanganise Miklashevich, Basaha ezisekelweni ngebhuloho, futhi isikhulu samaphoyisa kanye izinto ngakwesokunene kwaba emanzini. Abafana babamba. Frost, ayebalekele ngesikhathi abashokobezi umaluju ukukhulula abafundi. Kodwa amaNazi wanquma ubeke phansi bese izingane kanye nothisha babo. Ngaphambi kokubulawa Frost wasiza Miklashevich run. Zonke ezinye walengiswa.

"Ukuhlala kuze entathakusa"

A Tale 1972. Njengoba singabona, yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi uyaqhubeka ukuba baqonde izinto ezenzekayo futhi nawo wonke amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi nalendzaba Bykov waklonyeliswa eU.SSR State Prize. Umsebenzi wobuciko liyakhuluma ngokuphela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke we scouts ezempi kanye saboteurs. Ekuqaleni noveli yabhalwa ngolimi Belarusian, bese kuphela zihunyushelwe Russian.

Novemba 1941, ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Soviet Army uLieutenant Igor Ivanovski, hero lobalulekile wendzaba, e umyalo iqembu commando. Ngeke ukuchitha ozakwabo zakhe ukuba front line - ezweni Belarus elalihlala abahlaseli German. Umsebenti wabo - ukushaya up a izinhlamvu yokulahla German. Bykov liyakhuluma ngokuphela ubuqhawe of amasosha abavamile. Kuyinto ba, kunokuba abasebenzi abaphathi, waba amandla ezasiza ukunqoba impi.

Ngo-1975 incwadi yathathwa. Iskriphthi befilimu ngokwakhe wabhala Bykov.

"I Dawn Lapha Ingabe epholile ..."

Umkhiqizo kweSoviet futhi umbhali Russian Borisa Lvovicha Vasileva. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke sempi izindaba kubangelwe lithathelwe ifilimu of the gama elifanayo ngo-1972. "I Dawn Lapha Ingabe epholile ..." Boris Vasiliev wabhala ngo-1969. Umsebenzi kusekelwe izenzakalo zangempela: phakathi nempi, amasosha ikhonza Kirov ujantshi, kuvimbe saboteurs German kuqhunyiswa ujantshi wesitimela. Abasinda impi ngesihluku kwaba kuphela induna ithimba Soviet, okuyinto iye yaklonyeliswa ngendondo "Ukuze Izikhungo e Battle".

"I Dawn Lapha Ingabe epholile ..." (Boris Vasilyev) - ibhuku echaza onogada 171st ku Karelian ehlane. Nangu ekubalweni ukufaka anti-aircraft. La masosha, bengazi ukuthi benze kanjalo, uqale ukudakwa wenze lutho. Khona-ke Fedor Vasco Usigaxamabhande we okuhlangana kuyo, wabuza "ukuthumela angaphuzwa." Umyalo wathumela kuye ezimbili egumbini anti-aircraft umdubuli kambayimbayi amantombazane. Futhi uma omunye abafikayo uyalibona emahlathini saboteurs German.

Vaskov uyazi ukuthi amaJalimane ufune kunjongo nokuqonda ukuthi badinga ukweba lapha. Kuze kube yimanje, eliluqoqayo ihlukane 5 anti-aircraft umdubuli kambayimbayi futhi ubaholela Sinyuhinoy yokhalo ngokusebenzisa ixhaphozi kuphela kuye indlela senceku. Phakathi nomkhankaso kuvela ukuthi abantu amaJalimane 16, ngakho wathumela ukusekelwa ngenxa yenye yala mantombazane, futhi waphishekela isitha. Nokho, yena awufiki wakhe futhi lufe emaxhaphozini. Vaskovo ukuqala nge amaJalimane empini ukungalingani, babhubhe ngenxa asele amantombazane amane kanye naye. Kodwa namanje uphatha wasithatha Usigaxamabhande ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, futhi kuthatha ukuba indawo amasosha aseSoviet.

Indaba uchaza feat kobuntu enquma ezibhekene isitha futhi Ungamvumeli abajeziswa ngoba izwe lazo lendabuko. Ngaphandle abaphathi oda protagonist engena impi futhi kuthatha amavolontiya 5 - abesifazane basebenza ngokuzithandela ngokwabo.

"Kusasa Ingabe Impi"

Le ncwadi uhlobo Biography of ungumbhali waleli umsebenzi, Borisa Lvovicha Vasileva. Indaba iqala neqiniso ukuthi umlobi ukhuluma esengumntwana, mayelana lokuthi wazalwa Smolensk, uyise wayengumuntu umkhuzi iRed Army. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba abe ngaphakathi lo pilo okungenani umuntu ukukhetha emkhakheni wabo ukunquma indawo emphakathini, Vasilyev waba ibutho, efana ontanga yakhe.

"Kusasa Ingabe Impi" - umkhiqizo isikhathi pre-impi. izinhlamvu Its main - namanje nabafundi abancane kakhulu ekilasini lesi-9, incwadi ekutshela yokukhula kwabo, uthando nobungane intsha uyiphupho ngubani bebumfishane kakhulu ngenxa kugqashuka impi. Umsebenzi liyichaza lokuqala sina, futhi leso sinqumo wokukhungatheka, ngenakugwemeka esakhula. Futhi konke lokhu ngokumelene isizinda esizohlasela usongo buhlungu lokho akunakwenzeka ukuba ayeke noma ukugwema. Kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo, lezi abafana namantombazane izoba shí nempi enkulu, lapho abaningi babo ezimiselwe ukuba ashise. Nokho, phakathi nokuphila kwakhe esifushane, bayazi ukuthi udumo, isibopho ubungani nangeqiniso.

"Zezıhlabane Snow"

Umlobi ongumRoma nempi sobudala Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi yomlobi umelwe ububanzi ikakhulukazi futhi uye waba isisusa esiyinhloko yomsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa umsebenzi edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa noveli Bondarev kuyinto "Zezıhlabane Snow" ebhalwe ngo-1970. Isenzo komkhiqizo senzeka ngo-December 1942 ngesikhathi kwaseStalingrad. Inoveli okusekelwe izenzakalo zangempela - umzamo ukuze akhulule German Army ibutho wesithupha Paulus ezungezwe at kwaseStalingrad. Le mpi yaba juqu Empini kwaseStalingrad. Incwadi yathathwa G. Egiazarov.

Le noveli iqala neqiniso ukuthi wezikhali Leli qembu amabili iphansi kwesandla sika-Davlatyan futhi Kuznetsova ngeke Myshkova isizinda kuleli umfula, bese ebambe amathangi isiJalimane, egijimela wangisiza Pawulu.

Emva igagasi lokuqala nokuhlasela Leli qembu uLieutenant Kuznetsov ihlala omunye isibhamu kanye ningatholakala ezintathu. Noma kunjalo, amasosha ngisho emini baqhubeke ukuze aphebeze izitha.

"I Ukudalelwa yomuntu"

"I Ukudalelwa yomuntu" - ". I yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi" umsebenzi wesikole, okuyinto lafundvwako ngaphansi kwengqikithi Indaba wabhala edumile umbhali Soviet UMikhail Sholokhov ngo-1957.

Umsebenzi uchaza ukuphila umshayeli elula Andrei Sokolov, okwadingeka bayishiye umkhaya wayo nomuzi ka ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Nokho, hhayi iqhawe Kwakudingeka ukuba phambili, njengoba ngokushesha Ufika esingu futhi eyisiboshwa amaNazi, bese ekamu lokuhlushwa. Siyabonga ukuba abe nesibindi Sokolov ekwazile ukusinda ekuthunjweni, futhi ekugcineni uphatha izimpahla ukuze babalekele impi. Njengoba efika ngamandla akhe uyehla futhi uya ekhaya elincane, lapho ezwa ukuthi umndeni wakhe wabulawa, ngasinda indodana eyodwa, ayeyile empini. Andrew wabuyela ngaphambili, futhi uthola ukuthi indodana yakhe wadutshulwa ngumuntu sniper ngosuku lokugcina impi. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukuphela kwendaba hero, Sholokhov ebonisa ukuthi, ngisho nangemva kokulahlekelwa yikho konke, ungathola ithemba elisha futhi uthole amandla bahlale kuwo.

"Brest Fortress"

Le ncwadi umbhali odumile kweSoviet futhi intatheli Sergey Smirnov yabhalwa ngo-1954. Ngalesi umsebenzi umbhali waklonyeliswa 1964 Lenin Prize. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba incwadi kuwumphumela kweminyaka eyishumi umsebenzi Smirnova ngomlando Brest Fortress.

Umkhiqizo "Brest Fortress" (Sergey Smirnov) - uqobo nengxenye ethile yomlando. Bhala ngokoqobo bit by bit lokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana abavikeli, abafisa isihlamba egameni labo elihle nodumo awazange ukhohlwe. Abaningi izinhlamvu zazibanjelwa ukuthi ngemva kwempi bona batholakala benecala. Futhi bafuna ukuvikela Smirnov. Encwadini, eziningi izinkumbulo nobufakazi iqhaza izimpi ugcwalise incwadi naleyo nhlekelele kweqiniso, egcwele izenzo nesibindi juqu.

"Abaphilayo kanye Dead"

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20 echaza ukuphila kwawo abantu abavamile, abalalela ngentando isiphetho kwenzakala emachawe amambuka. Lesi yisikhathi nesihluku eziningi nepepper, bayingcosana ephethwe agxumele phakathi okugaya yomlando.

"Abaphilayo kanye Dead" - Incwadi yokuqala trilogy odumile igama elifanayo Konstantina Mihaylovicha Simonova. Eyesibili izingxenye ezimbili nendumezulu ngokuthi "Amasosha kungukuthi ukuzalwa" nesithi "Izinsuku zokugcina Summer". Ingxenye yokuqala trilogy yanyatheliswa ngo-1959.

abagxeki abaningi bakholelwa umkhiqizo esinye sezibonelo ezigqame abanamakhono kakhulu ukuchaza ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20. Kulesi inoveli yeqhawe akuyona umkhiqizo we historiographical noma umlando empini. incwadi izinhlamvu - abantu yokuzicabangela, siqala nge prototypes ezithile.

"Impi - hhayi insikazi ubuso"

Lezo zincwadi enikelwe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ngokuvamile uchaza nezigigaba eziningi amadoda, ngezinye izikhathi sikhohlwe ukuthi abesifazane ziye zaba nomthelela ukunqoba jikelele. Kodwa incwadi umbhali Belarusian Svetlana Aleksievich, singasho, sivuselela ubulungiswa zomlando. Umlobi eqoqwe emsebenzini wakhe, izindaba zalabo besifazane ukuthi waba nengxenye yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Isihloko sencwadi kwakuwumkhaya okhuluma umugqa wokuqala kule noveli "Impi ngaphansi kophahla" A. Adamovich.

Incwadi yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1983, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, izahluko eziningi zisusiwe ngu ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi. Futhi abafundi abakwazanga bajwayelane nomsebenzi yaphelela ngeminyaka emibili nje vo.

"Hhayi uhlu"

Enye indaba, isihloko owawungumnyaka yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ezincwadini Soviet Boris Vasilyev, zazo sekushiwo, wayedume ngempela. Kodwa udumo ukuthi kuvese umkhiqizo ngenxa kwezempi, enye yazo indaba "aliveli uhlu."

Incwadi yabhalwa ngo-1974. isenzo sayo senzeka ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili ku Brest inqaba, uwuvimbezele abahlaseli. ULieutenant Nikolay Pluzhnikov, usebenza protagonist, ngaphambi kwempi iwela lokhu inqaba - weza ebusuku kusuka 21 kuya 22 June. Futhi entathakusa, kakade impi iqala. Nicole has a chance ukuba ubalekele lapha, njengoba nje negama lakhe aliveli yiluphi uhlu lempi, kodwa wanquma sokuhlala bavikele izwe lenkaba yabo ukuze kube sekupheleni.

"Babi Yar"

Idokhumentari inoveli "Babi Yar" Anatoly Kuznetsov, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1965. Umsebenzi kusekelwe izinkumbulo ebuntwaneni nombhali, ngubani phakathi nempi kwaba on ensimini-German-matasa kuwo.

Le noveli iqala esethulweni umbhali emfushane sika, isahluko ezethula emfushane futhi izahluko ezimbalwa, okuyinto zihlelwe zaba izingxenye ezintathu. Ingxenye yokuqala ichaza okukhipha kusuka Kiev emuva amabutho aseSoviet, kwachitheka eNingizimu-Western Front futhi ekuqaleni umsebenzi. lapha bahlanganiswa izigcawu kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula yamaJuda, ukuqhuma Kiev-Pechersk Lavra futhi Khreshchatyk.

Ingxenye yesibili is ngokuphelele abazinikele ukuphila yokuvinjezelwa iminyaka 1941-1943, imoto Ukraine Russian futhi njengoba abasebenzi e-Germany, mayelana indlala, mayelana ukukhiqizwa ngasese of isizwe Ukraine. Ingxenye yokugcina noveli isitshela indaba yokukhululwa amazwe Ukraine kusukela abahlali isiJalimane, amaphoyisa kokubaleka, impi ye-dolobha, mayelana kwavukelwa ekamu lokuhlushwa Babi Yar.

"Indaba Indoda Yangempela"

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi mayelana ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, futhi kuhlanganisa umkhiqizo kodwa omunye umlobi isiRashiya, empini yokugcina njengoba intatheli lempi, uBoris Polevoy. Indaba kulotshiwe ngo-1946, okungukuthi cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kwaphela impi.

Uzungu - umcimbi emphilweni umshayeli wezempi wase-USSR Alekseya Mereseva. sibonelo sayo esesiyisici Okuyınqo, iqhawe yeSoviet Union-Aleksey Maresev, abafana ubuntu bakhe, kwaba umshayeli. Indaba ekutshela ukuthi wadubula phansi empini nge namaJalimane kabi. Ngenxa yalokho yengozi walahlekelwa kokubili imilenze. Nokho, amandla intando yakhe sasisikhulu kangangokuba wakwazi ukubuyela kwababusi pilot Soviet.

Umsebenzi waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize. Tale benamandla imibono neyobuntu futhi abonisa ukushisekela izwe.

"Madonna nesinkwa ngesilinganiso"

Maria Glushko - umbhali YaseCrimea Soviet, waya ngaphambili ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Madonna nesinkwa ngesilinganiso" - a feat bonke omama, abasabelo sabo sikulokhu bawela ukusinda neMpi Yezwe II. Heroine lomkhiqizo - intombazanyana kakhulu, Nina, owashonelwa umyeni wakhe sebeneminyaka ulwa, futhi kuba ukunxusa uyise waya esiphuthumayo Tashkent, lapho elinde nosingamama wakhe nomfowabo. Heroine ungaphakathi wokwenziwa kweengaba zokugcina zokukhulelwa, kodwa ingabe akukhona awuvikele ukugeleza nosizi lwesintu. Futhi ngesikhathi esifushane Nina ukufunda ukuthi ngaphambi ezivela kuye eyayifihliwe ngemuva inhlalakahle noxolo okuyobe kusezweni khona pre-impi: eziphilayo zihluke kangaka kuleli zwe, abantu, iziphi izimiso zokuphila kwabo, amagugu, isimo, ihluke kanjani wakhe, owakhulela ukungazi nokuchuma. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-heroin, - uzozala ingane futhi ayivikele konke okubi empi.

"Vasily Terkin"

izinhlamvu njengo- amaqhawe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, izincwadi wadonsela umfundi ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa esimnandi kakhulu, onekhono futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlupheka, kwakuwuhlelo Vasily Terkin.

Lokhu inkondlo ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Tvardovsky baqala ukunyathelisa ngo-1942, ngokushesha sathola uthando kazwelonke kanye nokuqashelwa. Umsebenzi ubhalwe futhi wanyatheliswa kulo seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ngasekugcineni yanyatheliswa ngo-1945. Injongo eyinhloko kule nkondlo kwakuyilungelo elingakanani ukusekela isimo salo amasosha, futhi Tvardovsky wakwazi ukufeza ngempumelelo lo msebenzi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa isithombe protagonist. Brave futhi bejabule Terkin, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba uhlale alungiselwe ukulwa, athumba izinhliziyo amasosha abaningi abavamile. He is umphefumulo division, joker, futhi empini - isibonelo esifanele ukuthi sisilandele, wasisebenzisa kahle futhi njalo ephumelelisa nomgomo walo iqhawe. Ngisho nokuba on the esengozini yokufa, uyaqhubeka ukulwa, futhi kakade iza bacabangisise kokufa kwakhe.

Umkhiqizo kuhlanganisa Esanduleleni, izahluko 30 Okuqukethwe main, uhlukaniswe waba izingxenye ezintathu, futhi isiphetho sendaba. Isahluko ngasinye kuyinto front-line indaba encane ukuphila protagonist.

Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi nezigigaba lweMpi Enkulu Patriotic kweSoviet isikhathi semibhalo kabanzi simboziwe. Singasho ukuthi lokhu ingenye izindikimba eyinhloko Engxenyeni maphakathi kanye yesibili yekhulu lama-20 ngokuqondene nabalobi Russian nawaseSoviet. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lonke lelo zwe iye yaba nesandla ekulweni abahlaseli German. Ngisho labo ababengenaso ngaphambili, ngokuzikhandla wasebenza ngaphambili langemuva, ukuhlinzeka amasosha nezinhlamvu nomphako.