Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Life kanye Works of Lva Tolstogo

Igama umbhali, uthisha, Bala yilowo nalowo Russian Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo waziwa. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe 78 imisebenzi yobuciko yashicilelwa, omunye 96 ziye zalondolozwa ezinqolobaneni. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XX kwavela imisebenzi ephelele, ababebalelwa amavolumu 90, futsi kufaka ekhatsi ngaphandle amanoveli, tindzaba letimfisha, ema-eseyi, nokunye. N. izincwadi eziningi futhi Diaries we indoda enkulu, kuyinto ithalente okukhulu nobuntu okungavamile. Kulesi sihloko, masikhumbule amaqiniso ezithandekayo ukuphila Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo.

Ukuthengisa ikhaya Yasnaya Polyana

Ukubala abasha wayaziwa nabathandwayo ukugembula indoda, ngeshwa, hhayi kakhulu ngempumelelo, ukudlala amakhadi. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba ekhaya Yasnaya Polyana, lapho umlobi wachitha esengumntwana, yanikelwa ngenxa izikweletu. Ngemva kwalokho, kusukela ekuqaleni UTolstoy abantu batjala imithi. Ilya Lvovich, indodana yakhe wayekhumbula indlela wake wabuza uyise ukukhombisa ikamelo endlini lapho engazalelwa kulo. Futhi Leo bakhomba phezulu omunye larch izihlahla, unezela: ". Kukhona" A lesikhumba usofa ngalo kwenzeka, echazwe inoveli yakhe "Impi Nokuthula". Lawa amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo nokuphila Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo elihlobene ne izindlu yokhokho.

Indlu ke ezimbili storey amaphiko akhe aye alondolozwa kanye isikhule isikhathi. Ngemva ukushada nokuba nabantwana, wonke umndeni UTolstoy yanda, futhi nalo ahlangana ndawonye ezakhiweni ezintsha.

imfundo Umkhaya nezingane UTolstoy

UTolstoy sika okunamathiselwe njalo ovelele emndenini. Umlobi wayekholelwa ukuthi wadlala indima enkulu empilweni yanoma yimuphi umuntu. Enomkakhe, Sofey Andreevnoy, babehlala uthando nozwano iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Khona-ke waqala kuphakama ingxabano ngesisekelo sengqondo esingaqondile kuya Ukubala impahla bese ubukeza amakhasi zabo ukuphila amagugu.

Ngo UTolstoy umndeni Ngazalwa izingane nantathu, abahlanu babo bafa isakhasa. Earl ngizisole isikhathi sabo, futhi phambi crisis 80s walithanda ukuhlela ekugangeni. Ngokwesibonelo, uma esidlweni wakhonza Pudding, uyise ngaphawula ukuthi uzizwa okuhle glue amabhokisi. ngokushesha Izingane alethwe ekamelweni lokudlela iphepha, futhi waqala inqubo lokusungula.

Esinye isibonelo. Othile emkhayeni isibe kabi noma nokukhala. Bebona lokhu, Ukubala ihlelwe ngokungazelelwe "Numidian nalawo agibela amahhashi." Igxume, uphakamisile isandla sakhe futhi yacabanga etafuleni, kanti izingane baphuthuma ngemva kwakhe.

Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha kunyatheliswa njalo uthando izincwadi. Wayevame isingathwe ekhaya lakhe ukufunda kusihlwa. Uma ngathatha incwadi ngesibani Jules Verne ngaphandle izithombe. Waseqala sikufanekise yena. Nakuba umculi we kwakungeyona okuhle kakhulu, i-Umkhaya wakujabulela lokho akubona.

Siyaye sijabule lapho sikhumbula izingane netinkondlo ezihlekisayo UTolstoy Lev Nikolayevich. Walifunda kubo phezu okungalungile German ngenhloso efanayo: ukuthi siphakamise isimo ekhaya. By the way, bambalwa bayazi ukuthi kukhona eziningana imisebenzi asankondlo ifa okudala umbhali. Ngokwesibonelo, "Khohlisa", "iVolga-iqhawe." Ngokuyinhloko, zalotshelwa ukuba izingane wangena adumile "ABC".

Yacabanga ukuzibulala

Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo imisebenzi aba indlela umbhali ukufunda izinhlamvu womuntu ekuthuthukisweni kwabo. Psychology esithombeni ngokuvamile yafuna umsunguli ukucindezeleka kakhulu ngokwengqondo. Ngakho, lapho besebenza emasimini "casula Kareninoy" nomlobi cishe kwenzeka enkingeni. Wayelethwa esesimweni esinjalo abampofu kwengqondo, wesaba ukuphinda isiphetho iqhawe lakhe Levin futhi ukuzibulala. Kamuva e "Ukuvuma izono" Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy waphawula ukuthi lo mbono waphikelela ukuze baze ngisho baquleka egumbini, lapho egqoke wedwa, lace, badela abazingela ngesibhamu.

Ngadumala esontweni

Biography UTolstoy Lev Nikolayevich ezicwaningiwe futhi iqukethe eziningi izindaba mayelana nendlela laxoshwa esontweni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umbhali Ucabangelé njalo yena abe umuntu wesonto, futhi uhloniphe zonke izikhala kanye ukuwo wonke enkonzweni iminyaka eminingana ngonyaka lama-77. Nokho, emva kokuvakashela Optina ngonyaka 81 th konke kwashintsha. UTolstoy waya lapho Lackey yakhe futhi uthisha. Kwakumelwe, njengoba sasilindele, nge knapsack, nezimbadada. Uma ekugcineni esigodlweni sezindela, zathola ukungcola sethusa futhi ukuzithiba.

Zifika zihamba bazinza njalo ezivamile, okwabacasula isikhonzi njalo ubheke master lapho inkosi yakhe. Wasephambukela omunye izindela, futhi wathi le ndoda endala - kungcono Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy. umsebenzi komlobi wayaziwa kahle, futhi ngokushesha idluliselwe ehhotela ukhululekile. Ngemva kokubuya Optina Ukubala uzwakalise ukunganeliseki yakhe servility enjalo, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi basishintsha isimo sabo saya emhlanganweni isonto kanye nabasebenzi bayo. Kuzo zonke yokuthi kwelinye izikhundla wathatha ku dinner cutlet.

By endleleni, ngo zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina umbhali waba imifino, enika ngokuphelele inyama. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke ukuze adle amaqanda ngeendlela ezihlukeneko.

umsebenzi wezandla

Ekuqaleni '80s - ibikwe biography Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha - kumbhali ekugcineni wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukuphila angomahlalela okunethezeka musa ukupenda indoda. Sekuyisikhathi eside wahlupheka umbuzo ukuba benzeni: thengisa ngakho konke okwabo ukushiya umkakhe amthandayo futhi unseasoned ukuze umsebenzi onzima kwezingane ngaphandle izindlela? Noma ubhale yonke izizumbulu zemali Sofyu Andreevnu? Kamuva UTolstoy uhlukanise yonke phakathi kwamalungu omkhaya. Kulesi sikhathi esinzima ngaye - umndeni babethuthele eMoscow - Leo walithanda ukuya Sparrow Hills, lapho lo mzalwane wasiza le abalimi okugawula izingodo. Khona-ke ngafunda shoemaking ngisho izicathulo yakhelwe futhi ehlobo izicathulo ngendwangu futhi lesikhumba, lapho ihlobo waya. Futhi minyaka yonke nokusiza imindeni ongumlimi lapho kwakungekho muntu alime, nihlwanyele futhi isivuno sokusanhlamvu. Akubona bonke liyakuvumela ukuba impilo uLeo Tolstoy ezinjalo. UTolstoy abazange baqonde ngisho emndenini wakubo. Kodwa waqhubeka kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Futhi ehlobo lonke Yasnaya Polyana agqekeze ipulazi waya ugunda. Phakathi ukusebenza kwaba ngisho Countess, hala utshani.

impumuzo indlala

Ephawula amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, omunye singakhumbula izenzakalo 1898. Mtsensk futhi izifunda blackening waphinda lahlaselwa indlala. Umlobi, abagqoké nethimba ubudala futhi Walkers, nge knapsack emhlane wakhe nendodana yakhe, ukuphinde ngimzwise ukusiza, mathupha wahambela wonke amadolobhana futhi uthole ukuthi isimo dabukisa ngempela. Ngeviki wenza uhlu wadala angathi ishumi nambili bebonke amadina esifundazweni ngasinye lapho fed kwasekuqaleni, izingane, asebekhulile nabagulayo. Ukudla yaletha esuka Yasnaya Polyana, olungiselwe ukudla ezimbili ashisayo ngosuku. isinyathelo UTolstoy wabalekisela engeyinhle yiziphathimandla, abaye bazitholela izindlela control unomphela phezu kwazo, nezikhulu abanikazi bomhlaba bendawo. Umcabango wakho wokugcina ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo igrafu kungaholela yokuthi maduzane bona kufanele alime endle, asenge amankomazi.

Uma kwelinye lamahholo okudlela engena tripod futhi uqale ingxoxo Count. Wakhononda ukuthi nakuba umbhali uyakuvumela isenzo, kodwa indoda ophoqelelwe, ngoba asazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani ukuba - kwaba imvume imisebenzi efana ombusi. Impendulo komlobi wawulula: "Ungabi lapho uphoqelekile ukuba nonembeza wabo." Futhi ngokunjalo kwaba kuhle lonke impilo Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo.

ukugula kakhulu

Ngo-1901, umlobi waphathwa umkhuhlane ezinzima futhi ngeseluleko odokotela waya eCrimea. Kube esikhundleni wacosha ephulukisa komzimba ngisho typhoid. Ngithemba ukuthi abayosinda cishe akukho ukukhetha. Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy, omsebenzi wakhe uqukethe imisebenzi eminingi echaza ukufa kwakhe ukulungele ngokwengqondo. Wayengasabi ukushiya ukuphila. Umlobi ngisho savalelisa abathandekayo. Futhi ngenkathi ethi wayengathi ukuhleba kuphela, sengane ngayinye ezinganeni zabo uye wanikeza iseluleko esibalulekile esizayo, kwacaca ukuthi, ngisho iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Kwaba usizo kakhulu, ngoba yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba kamuva noyedwa amalungu omndeni - futhi cishe wonke bahlangana esiteshini Astapovo - abavunyelwe ukumbona isiguli.

emngcwabeni wombhali

Emuva ngo-90s, UTolstoy encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku wezwakalisa njengoba lokho ngingathanda ukubona emngcwabeni wakhe siqu. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ngo "Umlando" utshela indaba edumile 'namathela oluhlaza ", a wangcwatshwa umhosha eduze kwama-oki. Futhi kakade ngo-1908, abizele abanazo ufisa: ukuba angcwatshwe ebhokisini lokungcwaba lokhuni indawo lapho obulifuna umthombo ebuntwaneni okuphakade abazalwane ezinhle.

UTolstoy Leo Nikolayevich, ngokuvumelana nentando yakhe, wembelwa epaki Yasnaya Polyana. Emngcwabeni abangu ayizinkulungwane eziningana, phakathi ababengabafelokazi hhayi kuphela abangane, abayithandayo, futhi abalobi, abalimi kodwa futhi wendawo, ayenze kuye njalo luphathwe ngokunakekela nokuqonda.

Indaba, elesivumelwano

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela ukuphila Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo nokukhathalela kwakhe maqondana intando ifa zokudala. Umlobi ngasondelana ethanda eziyisithupha: e-1895 (idayari), 1904 (incwadi ukuze Chertkov), 1908 (wabizela Gusev), kabili ngo-1909 futhi ngo-1010-m. Ngokusho komunye wabo, onke amarekhodi akhe kanye nemisebenzi wathola ukusetshenziswa ezivamile. Ngakolunye ilungelo zidlulile Chertkov. Ekugcineni, Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy lokusungula futhi wonke amarekhodi washiyela indodakazi yakhe Alexandra, nge neminyaka elishumi linamithandathu engukumkani baba umsizi kuyise.

inombolo 28

Ngokusho kwezihlobo, umbhali njalo sengqondo kuyindida kobandlululo. Kodwa izibalo amabili nesishiyagalombili wayekubheka njengelungelo elikhethekile futhi bethandwa. Kwakuyini na - ukuqondana kwezinto elula onquma ukudalelwa? Akwaziwa, kodwa kwenzeka eziningi zezenzakalo ezibalulekile ekuphileni, futhi usebenza ngowokuqala Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo axhunyiwe nalo. Nasi uhlu kubo:

• Agasti 28, 1828 - usuku lokuzalwa somlobi.
• May 28, 1856 i-ukucwaninga ngqá yanikeza imvume kushicilelwe incwadi yokuqala nendaba "Ukukhuluphala futhi eshumini nambili".
• Juni 28 wazalwa izibulo, uSergei.
• Februwari 28 isingathwe indodana lomshado Ilya.
• Okthoba 28 umbhali phakade liphumile Yasnaya Polyana.