Nazarbayev kanjani esemdala na? Biography Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev - UMengameli (kuqala kanye kuphela) Kazakh SSR (1990-1991) kanye Republic of Kazakhstan (December 1991 - samanje). Ngo 1984-1989 yena ephethwe i-Kazakh SSR Council of Ministers, bese baba unobhala lokuqala leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Ingabe isihloko "Munye onguMholi Kwesizwe". Ngo-2011, abantu kabusha kuqokwa uMengameli Nursultan Nazarbayev ngokokuqala lesine. Kulesi sihloko izokwethulwa Biography of the umongameli we Kazakhstan. Uyofunda mayelana iminyaka emingaki Nursultan Nazarbayev. Masiqale.

abazali

Nursultan Nazarbayev wazalelwa edolobhaneni Chemolgan (Alma-Ata esifundeni Kazakh SSR) ngo-1940. Abazali owayezoba umongameli babehilelekile ezolimo. Ubaba - Abish - Mina wayevela emkhayeni Nazarbaya eshaywa udade, futhi unina - Alzhan - emzaneni umndeni mullahs Kasyk. Nursultan uyise wayengumGreki indoda ejabulayo futhi iyahlonishwa. Ngaphezu Kazakh, wayazi izilimi isiRashiya Balkar. Abish kahle babehlabelela izingoma Russian futhi Kazakh, kwaba njalo thokozani izivakashi futhi wakwazi ukunikeza izeluleko ezinhle kakhulu. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi indlela endala Nazarbayev. Chaza kafushane umndeni kamengameli.

umndeni

Biography Nazarbayev iqukethe idatha okhokho bayo isizwe 12. Sam Nursultan amazi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Isizukulwane yesishiyagalombili ukhokho yayo ngqo kwaba Karasai Batyr, owaziwa ngokuba zobuqhawe bakhe lapho elwa djungars (1640-1680 biennium). Nursultan Nazarbayev ngokuthi Umkhulu. Ngokusho kwamaphepha archival ngo-1880, yena wayeyindoda ecebile, waba izigayo zamanzi nge conected kuso aryk.

Lapho ngo-1991 wanyathelisa incwadi, "Ngaphandle kwesokunxele nakwesokudla", Kazakhs sifundwe hhayi nje mayelana nendlela yakudala Nazarbayev, kodwa futhi ufunde mayelana nazo zonke izihlobo zakhe.

• Sister - Anipa.
• Brothers - Satybaldy futhi Bulat.
• Unkosikazi - Sarah Alpysovna. Okwamanje ithathe "Kid" esiza abantulayo Isikhwama.
• Indodakazi Dariga - yiLungu lePhalamende, bazohlukana; Alia - ukwenza ibhizinisi, ephethwe inkampani ukwakhiwa "Elitstroy"; Dinara - kuyinto shareholder enkulu National Bank of Kazakhstan, yisimo sokuthokoza $ 1.3 billion.
• Thina Nursultan 8 nabazukulu futhi 2 zabazukulu kakade.

iminyaka Ezemfundo futhi ekuqaleni

Nge iminyaka engu-18 njengoba isisebenzi. Ngo-1960, owayezoba umongameli Kazakhstan kuphothula esikoleni sokufundela e Dneprodzerzhinsk. Ngo-1967 waphothula ngo colleges bezokusebenza Karaganda Metallurgical Hlanganisa, okukhethekile "unjiniyela Metallurgical".

umsebenzi Early

Employment Umlando Nazarbayev waqala e ukwakhiwa ukuphathwa "Domenstroy", lapho ayesebenza khona iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye - kusukela ngo-1960 kuya 1969. Ngakho Nursultan bakwazile ukuhlanganisa career kanye nemfundo. ukuphikelela kwakhe akuzange kunakwe, futhi ngo-1969, Nazarbayev waba inhloko the ezokuthutha kanye umnyango ezimbonini ekomidini idolobha Temirtau. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owayezoba umongameli wayiswa abakhululiwe umsebenzi Komsomol. Ukuphathwa wayazi Nazarbayev emingaki, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani bakhe abasha Nursultan, kuchazwa indawo yakhe i-Komsomol ka ekomidini. Kamuva, yena wajoyina uMkhandlu Regional futhi waba ilungu lekomiti idolobha iqembu.

Kusukela ngo-1973 kuya ku-1984 wakhonza njengombonisi uNobhala Nursultan. I inhlangano kuphela lapho ayesebenzela. Nazarbayev wasebenza lesifunda ekomidini party nekomidi party futhi Steel Works, futhi ngisho leQembu LamaKhomanisi.

Rise umsebenzi

Izinto zashintsha emsebenzini wakhe wafika ngo-1980, lapho Nursultan waba yiphini uMkhandlu Ophakeme. Kulesi sikhundla, wasebenza iminyaka eyishumi. Phakathi nale nkathi, Nazarbayev efika njengompristi ilungu Central Auditing Commission of the CPSU futhi yabonisa ngokwaso njengoba umuntu onokwethenjelwa futhi abanekhono.

Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile Ngokuzayo kaMongameli Kazakhstan kwaba ngo-1984, lapho wamiswa Usihlalo Council of Ministers. Uhulumeni wayazi Nazarbayev emingaki. Wayeneminyaka engu-44 kuphela. Ngakho, Nursultan Nazarbayev waba uNdunankulu omncane republic.

Ngakusasa iminyaka emihlanu umsebenzi onzima kwaba nomvuzo, futhi Nazarbayev wakhethwa yiphini USSR. Phakathi no-1989, wesula njengoba uMengameli we-Council of Ministers, ukuthatha okuthunyelwe uNobhala lokuqala iCommunist Party of Kazakhstan.

enqobile

April 1990 lwaba olujabulisa e Nursultan umsebenzi. Akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli we-Kazakh SSR. Ukunqoba bekukukhulu. Okhethweni, yena kukora angu-99 kuzo 100. Impumelelo Its wakuphinda ngo-1999, edlulisela amandla akhe kamongameli iminyaka engu-7. Ngo-2005, Nazarbayev akazange esehlile izikhundla evamile. Phela, abantu Kazakhstan waphinda wamnika entendeni. Emakhethweni ekuseni ngo-2011 Nursultan Nazarbayev yakhethwa ekhethwa okwesine. Ngakho, indlela endala Nazarbayev emandleni okwamanje? NgoJulayi kulo nyaka kuzoba 26 ngosuku ukhetho - Disemba 2016.

ubulungu party

Ngaphambi kokuwa kweSoviet Union Nursultan Nazarbayev ubekade leQembu LamaKhomanisi. UMthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan kukhona isihloko, okuyinto iyakwenqabela yombuso zingezikaJehova kunoma iyiphi inkampani noma ukuhola ke. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Nazarbayev asekelwe iqembu "Nur Otan". Wayehola wakhe ngo-2007, ukuthi umthetho-sisekelo satjhugululwa.

ukugxekwa

Nursultan Nazarbayev wagxeka ngamaphuzu ezine eziyinhloko: yokukhuluma, inkohlakalo, cult yomuntu kanye namalungelo esintu. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

nenkululeko yokukhuluma

inhlangano i-International "Izintatheli without Borders" ngokuphindiwe waphawula ukwephulwa yokukhuluma Kazakhstan. Ukukalwa yokukhuluma kwabezindaba endlini Freedom ubeka lizwe ngesikhathi 175 th indawo aphume 197. Anton Nosik (umqondisi abezindaba "Imizwa Live") ngokuthi ukuvimba bezinhlanzi ezikhona Kazakhstan kusho theocracies obscurantist futhi omashiqela. Futhi "Izintatheli without Borders" okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili wenza Nazarbayev ohlwini "Abantu abahlukumeza abanye" abezindaba, esanyatheliswa kuyi-International Press Freedom Day.

nenkohlakalo

I-Transparency International ngo-2004 waklonyeliswa Kazakhstan 122 th emhlabeni ngokuya nenkohlakalo. Inani lamazwe ohlwini - 146 2.2-10 - ukuthi score ingqikithi Kazakhstan. Qaphela ukuthi uma amaphuzu ingezansi inombolo 3, kubonisa khona "nokukhohlakala okwakudlangile" wezwe. Nursultan Nazarbayev yamemezela zokugcina "impi engcwele", wakhipha Manifesto enesihloko esithi "10 zokulwa nenkohlakalo." Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we ngabe ngemvume eziningi izinyathelo zokunqanda lesi simo at wonke amazinga omphakathi kanye nembuso. Kodwa futhi lokhu akuzange kwaholela neminye imiphumela. Ekupheleni 2013 Kazakhstan lehla 140 endaweni th.

Kunamaphuzu amaningana ngamazwe NGOs Nazarbayev icala Uhulumeni ukudala ukubukeka abo ekulwa nebugebengu. Naphezu likaMengameli we-European Organisation for Cooperation Nokuphepha ngo-2010, izishoshovu abaningi kuleli zwe nakwamanye amazwe bathi ukuxazulula inkinga "zenkohlakalo" futhi "ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwamalungelo abantu" nguhulumeni Kazakhstan cishe ungazenzi noma yiziphi umzamo. Nazarbayev umndeni uqobo ehileleke uchungechunge uphenyo kulandela ukubulawa, ukufumbathisa zemali, olwenziwa nohulumeni bezinye izizwe.

"Kazakhgate" kwaba notorious kakhulu inkohlakalo icala e Kazakhstan. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi ngo-1999, abaphenyi baseSwitzerland baye simisiwe eziningi akhawunti asebhange elalingelamaFilisti Kazakh iinkhulu echelons eliphakeme kwamandla (kuhlanganise Nazarbayev). Kwatholakala ukuthi imali idluliselwe kula ma-akhawunti zikawoyela US. Ngemva konyaka, i-United States ahlanganyela kulokhu uphenyo futhi eba yiqhwa akhawunti amaningana, umnikazi okwakubekelwa (ngokuvumelana nokucabanga kwabo) Nursultan Nazarbayev. Lonke inani amafa ashaqa amakhasethi zaba ku $ 1 billion. Ngo-2007, iziphathimandla Kazakh ovumele ukuphakamisa zonke izimangalo imali, futhi ngo-2010, i-US Department Justice wasuka wonke amacala Nazarbayev futhi walivala icala.

Nehlelo ubuntu

izintatheli abaningi baye baphawula ukuthi ukhona ihlelo ubuntu Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, baningi izikhulu Kazakh namalungu elite ukuze basekela lokhu kuthambekela. Abaphikisi isimangalo kamengameli ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside ezweni yayikhona ihlelo ubuntu Nazarbayev. Nokho, iqembu Nursultan nozakwethu ungavumelani. Kukhona umbono ukuthi, uma kwenzeka cult zobuntu Nazarbayev "benecala" ngabantu.

kwamalungelo wobuntu

Kusukela umbono ababebukele ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni kanye zikahulumeni kanye nokubhekela amalungelo esintu e Kazakhstan bekusolo indawo ukukhathazeka. Ngokusho inkampani Freedom House, eye isifundo ensimini ka Kazakhstan, amalungelo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe ukukala - 6, futhi ngendlela engafanele nokuchayeka civil - 5 (esebenzisa isikali kusuka 1 kuya 7, lapho inombolo 1 - eliphakeme). Okungukuthi, phakathi nokubusa umphakathi Nazarbayev neyaziwayo "hhayi khulula."

Umbhali wezincwadi

• "Kwaqala Yokuthula".
• "Ngaphandle kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele."
• "Indlela Kazakhstan sika".
• "On the onqenqemeni lwekhulu lama-21."
• "Ezibiyele ekupheleni efile."
• "Emlandweni ukugeleza" et al.

Umbhali izihloko

• "Decade Ezibucayi".
• "Inkosi nobuhlakani."
• "Ukuhlanganiswa komnotho - ke akukho okunye kuyabonelela."
• "Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga Aral Sea esifundeni."
• "Izimo entsha, amabhuleki ubudala."
• "Umthelela inhlangano: Izinkinga kanye Okuhlangenwe".
• "Umnotho Kazakhstan sika: Amathemba Namaqiniso"
• "Isikhala Eurasia: ukugcwaliseka ukuhlanganiswa ezingaba" et al.

izihloko

Ngo-May 2010, zamaphini we Majilis waphasiswa amaphasela izikweletu eyanikeza iqhawe kwalesi sihloko isimo ahole isizwe. Lokhu isimo inikezwe Nursultan kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila akuxhomekile iminyaka emingaki, uMongameli Nazarbayev izokhuluma kokuthunyelwe kwakhe. Okungukuthi, kuba noma kunjalo ngeke bangenelele nokudidiyela imizamo athuthukile ezihlobene kokubili Inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Nazarbayev yena futhi wonke amalungu omndeni wakhe uzakuba ekhululiwe necala lobugebengu.

Isithombe in the isiko

Ngo-2011 kwafika izithombe ezimbalwa esibonisa isithombe sikaMongameli Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kulawa, izethameli wafunda mayelana nendlela Nazarbayev (uMongameli Kazakhstan okwamanje '74) ubudala, kanye ufunde mayelana izikhathi ayisihluthulelo yomlando wakhe. Ngifuna ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana ifilimu "The Sky of Ebuntwaneni bami". Le filimu likhuluma ngabantu esengumntwana nangesikhathi intsha Nazarbayev. Phawula futhi idrama ethi "Teren tamyrlar" okuyinto elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-20 lathola uzimelegeqe Kazakhstan sika.

ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi mingaki iminyaka manje Nazarbayev bayamangala ukuthi kulonyaka kalowo omkhulu odlala igalofu, ibhola lomphebezo, futhi uyawuthanda Ukushushuluza.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Disemba 1, Kazakhstan ukugubha uSuku kukaMongameli, okuyinto luwele isigaba amaholide state.
• iphephandaba Handelsblatt wazikala Nazarbayev uku 10 ababusi phezulu ezinonileyo iplanethi namazwe abo unamandla angenamkhawulo. With fortune $ 1.1 bhiliyoni Nursultan Nazarbayev senzeka 10th.
• Esikhathini Kazakh Criminal Code has isihloko ukuhlinzeka njengesijeziso nokuhlaselwa kwaleli impilo umholi ukufa wezwe isigwebo. Futhi osebenza ngisho noma umzamo kushabalele.
• Esikhathini Chechen Republic, Jordan naseTurkey, igama lakhe kunikezwa komunye umgwaqo.
• Kuyinto omunye ezimbili zeqiniso eside ehhovisi. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo esinengqondo: "iminyaka emingaki obuswa Nazarbayev?" Impendulo: iminyaka engu-26. Thumela abantu lokuqala isimo wayinqoba ngo-1989. Eyesibili-time - Islam Karimov (umongameli Uzbekistan).
• I isimo jikelele Nazarbayev clan - $ 7 billion.
• Ukraine, Turkey kanye Almaty kukhona ezikhumbuzo kuye.
• Ngo-2013, i-website ye iphephandaba "New York Times:" wenza isilinganiso we bomashiqela okubi kakhulu sase-Asiya. Kwaba Nursultan Nazarbayev. Uneminyaka emingaki nomengameli amandla futhi yini impumelelo izuzwe phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izwe lakhe, ukushicilelwa weyengenandaba. Umgomo main kwaba ukuheha zilimi.
• Umncintiswano "Dictator Kuhle Kakhulu Onyakeni" lwenziwe ngo-2014 yi-isikhungo French geopolitical isifundo zobugebengu. Nursultan Nazarbayev eyenzeka kuqala, ngokuwina Euro 100.
• Ngo-February, 2014, Nazarbayev ezihlongozwayo ukuqamba kabusha e Kazakhstan Kazak. Against isizinda ukwehla kwamandla kazwelonke, isimemezelo sokucasuka yokusabela okuxubile emphakathini.