MA Bulgakov "Inhliziyo ka Inja": indaba umkhiqizo

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-ayisithupha "Inhliziyo ka Inja" wayelindele umfundi. EJalimane naseNgilandi, indaba yanyatheliswa ngo ekuqaleni '60s, ngesikhathi esifanayo eSoviet Union kuphela "samizdat" ke wakwazi ukufunda abathandekayo lucky abangafundile kangako. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1987, umsebenzi yanyatheliswa kuyi "Banner" umagazini, futhi ngemva konyaka yafakwa sesikrini Vladimirom Bortko. Ngo-1925 wabhala incwadi ethi MA Bulgakov "Inhliziyo ka Inja", i-eseyi, okuyinto namanje obusa izingqondo futhi wembula incazelo yalokho okwenzeka e-Russia kuleyo minyaka.

Akusona esikoleni Bulgakov

Uhlelo okuyimpoqo izincwadi imfundo yesibili kuhlanganisa imisebenzi emibili yilo umbhali: "Inhliziyo ka Inja" futhi "Master noMargarita". Njengoba indodana uprofesa wolwazi lwezenkolo nomzukulu wabapristi, umlobi ngamunye indalo yakhe ukubeka izimpawu zenkolo, wenza icebo multilayered. Mhlawumbe yingakho isikhathi ngasinye lapho ngithola okuthile okusha ku kuphindze kufundvwe tincwadzi yakhe.

Naphezu yinkimbinkimbi okuqukethwe yamaSoviet, esikoleni indaba inoveli by "Inhliziyo ka Inja" Bulgakov bayoba ukubhala. Futhi lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uhlaziye uhlobo, isihloko, futhi ikakhulukazi isebenza.

Lelo pheshana futhi limelene namaSoviet noma dystopia?

Ngokuvamile "Inhliziyo ka Inja" libizwa ukubhinqa zezombusazwe. Kunjalo. Kodwa kancane. Konke UProfesa Preobrazhensky ukhuluma omubi, iKomiti House namaphephandaba KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - ngokuqinisekile iphamfulethi. Yini isizathu futhi abakwenzayo Shvonder futhi amabhola, futhi, ngokungangabazeki, ukubhinqa. Yebo, futhi kanjani! Olunamandla. Abanonya.

Kodwa linga ngamasu ahlukahlukene ngenhloso inja - dystopia. isithombe sayo sibonisa ukuzalwa kumiswa omusha wabantu abasha, yembula Amathrendi esiyingozi kakhulu ekuthuthukeni ngomphakathi onjalo. It kuvela ukuthi njengoba isixwayiso eyabhalwa UMikhail Bulgakov "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Indatshana phezu noveli kumele libonise izimpawu kokubili izinhlobo ukubhinqa futhi utopia.

Kungani inhliziyo inja?

Esikhathini ukuhlaziya ifomu encane kakhulu yomsebenzi (inoveli, indzaba lemfisha, indzaba lemfisha) asanda igama layo. Ngakho kungani Bulgakov wayeka kule nkulumo, ngoba embhalweni UProfesa Preobrazhensky, zokuvimbela Bormental mayelana Sharikova inhliziyo, uthi nguye manje abantu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke lousy.

I izichazamazwi Isiphawulo esithi "inja", ngaphandle value oqondile Indlela zalelo isilwane, unezinye ephathekayo okuxoxa encishisiwe ukusabela kabi okubonisa ukuthi into ebudisi babulawa, futhi asho aphansi futhi obukhulu. Bese konke kuyacaca, ikakhulukazi njengoba isihlokwana kwendaba - "ingozi enyantisa igazi" - kunikeza inkomba ebonisa lokho ukusho Bulgakov. "Inhliziyo Yomuntu Inja" - i-eseyi lephatselene satirical, awukho umzimba izinja is ebiyelwe igama layo, baphanga inhliziyo yomuntu abasanda kubekwa.

uhlelo isithombe

Strange kodwa kuyiqiniso: emisebenzini satirical ka Mihaila Bulgakova kungekho okukhona. Futhi "Inhliziyo ka Inja" iyathinteka. Uprofesa, ngubani ngakho kahle oxabana futhi kufanele alahle uhulumeni omusha wenza iphutha elibi kakhulu: udokotela kufanele ukusiza abantu ekwelapheni izifo, kodwa uzama ukulungisa okuthile lowadalwa nguNkulunkulu ngalokucondzile. Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo kuphela ke uyaziqaphela inadmissibility zokuhlolwa okunjalo.

kwesondo Lalela Ezintweni zokwakheka okudalwe kuboniswe Shvonder - demagogue abakhubazeke ngokwenqondo, ubani nje ongacabanga ngokwakhe inkosi yendlu. Yena Professor - abezindaba izimiso ehlukene ngokuphelele, abakwazi ngisho qhathanisa.

Ngakho ubani of izinhlamvu batawudzinga kutsi babukane ngco lapho emisela ukuba babhale indaba, "Bulgakov" Inhliziyo ka Inja ''? Amabhola - umphumela ukuhlola FF Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo - he is a ezinkulu endabeni futhi wabahlulela ngezinga elingakanani isihloko ingxabano phakathi Shvonder noprofesa. Kodwa uma incazelo yamazwi kaJesu yaba le mpi?

Kakhulu umuntu engazange iphendulele

Konke okuphathelene iSonto Lobu-Orthodox, Bulgakov wayazi kahle, hhayi ithuba emibhalweni yakhe okukhulunywa ngezinsuku ezithile noma izinkomba kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, e "Master noMargarita" zonke izimpawu zikhomba ukuthi isenzo senzeka Isonto Ongcwele ngaphambi kwe-Easter, endzabeni ngezenzakalo obungangenhloko kakhanjana uqale ekupheleni kuka-December no 7 Januwari kukhona umuntu omusha - yokuthola iqiniso Polygraphovich. Ngiphakathi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, bese Christmas Times wokuguqulwa kukaJesu isimo inja Bulgakov. "Inhliziyo ka Inja" - indaba, umlobi uthi ubuhlungu akuyona kuphela ukubhujiswa okungcono elaliphambi inguquko, kodwa futhi ukubonakala nenhlalakahle, okuyinto bayaqhubeka lokhu kuqothulwa, kodwa hhayi ukweba kanye zakolachivaniya kokubhubhisa zemikhosi nezingokomoya.

Kungani yokuthola iqiniso?

Leli gama ibhekwa kokusungulwa Bulgakov, nakuba kuyaziwa ukuthi ikhalenda ikhalenda yesigaba sabasebenzi ngaleso sikhathi kakade nencazelo yakhe zesifazane. Yini obekufanele avimbele ukuphindaphindwa umbhali: yokuthola iqiniso Polygraphovich? Lapho edala UMikhail Bulgakov "Inhliziyo ka Inja", ngokubhala imisebenzi enjalo ayikwazanga ezisithekile anhlobonhlobo abafundi. A isihawu! Khona-ke abaningi baqonda: igama protagonist ihlobene ukuphrinta, okusho - ukukhiqizwa kabusha, okungukuthi, kufanele eziningi.

Umlobi esatshwe (hhayi ngaphandle isizathu) ukuthi obungangenhloko kakhanjana uphelele uhulumeni omusha. Zibancishe umbono wabo siqu, asikho isidingo sokuthi nezibopho zethu ezingokomoya, amasiko, laba bantu bazocula nje ukuthi yini atshelwa, kodwa futhi ukuba athathe isinyathelo ngokushesha, okuhloswe ngalo ukubhujiswa, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje akakwazanga ukwakhela phezu definition. Yakha kubo ngaleyo ndlela, kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba ngengozi Uprofesa isimo, ngeke zisebenze, kodwa ukufundisa intsha emoyeni lokhu kungaba ngempela.

Yilokho okufanele kube indaba ngesihloko esithi "Inhliziyo ka Inja." Bulgakov ayikwazanga ukuthola ngokusebenzisa kubantu ayephila nabo, noma kunalokho ithuba, kodwa futhi ngokusebenzisa amashumi eminyaka, le ndaba nje kakhulu.

Isayensi yanamuhla iphokophele phambili, uzama ukuthola ikhambi kuye izifo nokulondoloza izinsuku yomuntu emhlabeni, kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi inhliziyo inja ingatholakala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside ezenza kweminyaka eziphilayo zavela futhi engenamsebenzi.