Life kanye Works of Turgenev. Imisebenzi Turgenev

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wazalelwa emkhayeni etusekayo 1818. Kufanele ukuthi kusukela kule imvelo yafika cishe bonke abalobi ezinkulu Russian kwekhulu le-19. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola impilo kanye nomsebenzi we Turgenev.

abazali

Kuyaphawuleka abazali amaziyo Ivan. Ngo 1815 Spassky kufika ku unogada wayesemncane futhi eyigeza Sergei Turgenev. Varvara Petrovna (umama womlobi), wenza unomuzwa oqinile. Ngokombiko othile eduze ababephila ngesikhathi imvelo, uBarbara wangitshela ukuba adabule umngane uSergei, wabenzela sipho esisemthethweni, futhi wavuma ngokushesha. Ngokwengxenye enkulu kwaba umshado ka lula. Turgenev kwakungekaNkulunkulu yezikhulu futhi wayeyiqhawe impi, futhi Varvara Petrovna kwadingeka fortune ezinkulu.

Ubudlelwano emkhayeni esanda eyasungulwa babe onezinkinga. Sergei ayizange izame ngisho nokuzama ukuphikisana inkosikazi eNgophezukonke kuzo zonke izifunda zabo. Indlu has a kuhlukaniswa esibalulekile futhi ngokulambisa ukuzivimbela ukucasuka mutual. Into kuphela bavumelana owakwakhe - emzamweni ukunikeza izingane zabo imfundo engcono. Futhi kule bona wayezikhandla noma imali.

Ukuhambisa eMoscow

Yingakho lo mkhaya uthuthela eMoscow ngo-1927. Nakuba ezicukuthwaneni abacebile ukuthumela izingane zabo kuphela ezikoleni ezingezona ezikahulumeni. Lokho Ivan abasha Sergeevich Turgenev wathunyelwa boarding school ngesikhathi Armenia Institute, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kuhanjiswe ku Veydengammersky ebhodini. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wayesekwazi waxoshwa khona, futhi abazali ngeke baye benza imizamo ukuhlela indodana noma yisiphi isikhungo. Ilungiselela inyuvesi, umbhali esizayo baqhubeka ekhaya abafundisi yangasese.

Ukufunda

Wangena-University of eMoscow, Ivan bafunda lapho isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ngo-1834 wathuthela nomfowabo ubaba Petersburg idluliselwe esikoleni sendawo. I Turgenev abasha iziqu eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo kuba njalo maningi amathuba okuthi basho University of eMoscow, emnikeza ntandokazi enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Petersburg Institute yayaziwa kokuqondisa yayo elawula abafundi nguhulumeni. E-Moscow, kwakungekho ukulawula enjalo, futhi abafundi inkululeko abathanda basutha kakhulu.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Singasho ukuthi umsebenzi Turgenev, waqala izinsuku inyuvesi. Nakuba Ivan Sergeyevich akakuthandanga ukucabanga mayelana ucwaningo kwezincwadi ngesikhathi. wayebheka 40s ekuqaleni ngokubhala umsebenzi wakhe. Ngakho-ke, iningi lemisebenzi yakhe zezemfundo kahle kithi futhi akazange ukuthola umgadli. Uma sicabanga ukuthi Turgenev bafune ukuphiwa umculi, wenza into efanele: amasampula etholakalayo imisebenzi yakhe ngaleso sikhathi basonta isigaba sokuba izimfundamakhwela etemibhalo. Isithakazelo bangase kuphela mlando kwezincwadi kanye nalabo abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi ungaqala kanjani umsebenzi Turgenev, futhi kanjani ukuba balolonge ithalente lakhe etemibhalo.

lwaya nefilosofi

Esikhathini 30s maphakathi kanye sekwephuzile, Ivan Sergeyevich wabhala okuningi ucije amakhono okubhala. Ngesinye yemisebenzi yakhe wathola ukubuyekeza abagxeka Belinsky. Lo mcimbi yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-umsebenzi Turgenev, kafushane ezichazwe kulesi sihloko. Phela, kwakungekhona nje ukuthi umhlaziyi omkhulu ukulungiswa amaphutha ongenalwazi ukunambitheka "green" umbhali. Ivan Sergeyevich washintsha imibono yakhe hhayi kuphela art, kodwa ukuphila ngokwako. Ngokubhekisisa nokuhlaziya, wanquma ukufundela ngokoqobo kuzo zonke guises yayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuba izinto tetemibhalo, Turgenev balithanda nefilosofi, kangangokuthi sina ukuthi umcabango wokuthi kukhona professorship eMnyangweni eyunivesithi. Isifiso ukudonsa lo mkhakha lwazi amyisa yesithathu ku-akhawunti inyuvesi - Berlin. Nge ngezikhawu eside, wahlala khona iminyaka engaba mibili futhi ufundwa kahle imisebenzi Hegel no Feuerbach.

Impumelelo lokuqala

Eminyakeni 1838-1842 lokusungula Turgenev akazange ihluke umsebenzi eziyaluzelayo. Wabhala kancane, futhi ikakhulukazi nje isosha esihlatshelelwayo. izinkondlo Uye eshicilelwe akazange ukuheha yimuphi ukunakwa baxgeki noma abafundi. Kule ndaba, Ivan Sergeyevich wanquma esiningi izinhlobo okunjengamadrama nenkondlo. Impumelelo lokuqala kulo mkhakha beza kuye ngo-Ephreli 1843, lapho yena eshicilelwe "kweqhwa elisanda-liwile." Ngemuva kwenyanga kwenzeke e "Amanothi we lawobaba" ukuze ibuyekezwe wakhe laudatory Belinsky yanyatheliswa.

Eqinisweni, le nkondlo akuyona yasekuqaleni. Emangazayo kwaba kuphela sibonga khumbula Belinsky. Futhi iningi Izibuyekezo uthi akusiyo kangaka ngenkondlo, njengoba ithalenta Turgenev. Nokho Belinsky tye, wavele wabona ukuthi umbhali abasha oluvelele newekubhala.

Lapho efunda ukubuyekeza Ivan Sergeyevich, lapho kumbangela njabulo, kodwa kunalokho namahloni. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukungabaza mayelana nokushaya khona kukhethwa yaba umsebenzi wokuphila kwabo. Bona assailed umbhali kusukela 40s ekuseni. Nokho sihloko wamqinisekisa futhi baphoqwa ukuba ukukhulisa ibha imisebenzi yabo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi Turgenev, kafushane echazwe uhlelo esikoleni, uthole i umfutho eyengeziwe wenyuka intaba. Ivan Sergeyevich wazizwa enecala kuya baxgeki, abafundi, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokwabo. Ngakho wazikhandla ukuze uthuthukise amakhono okubhala.

ukubopha

Ngo 1852 Gogol wafa. Lo mcimbi kwasithinta kakhulu ekuphileni futhi umsebenzi Turgenev. Futhi akusiwona kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ngokomzwelo. Ivan S. wabhala ngesikhathi isihloko esithi "hot". Petersburg Imingcele iKomiti yalivimbela, ebiza "Lackey" umbhali Gogol sika. Khona-ke u-Ivan S. posted isihloko e Moscow, lapho imizamo yabangane bakhe lanyatheliswa. Ngokushesha esimisiwe uphenyo, ngesikhathi owamisa Turgenev nabangani bakhe yikho okumele kusolwe ngokushona isimo seziyaluyalu. Ivan Sergeyevich wathola kwezinyanga ngiboshiwe, kulandele sekudingiselweni lakubo ngaphansi kweso. Bonke abantu baqonda ukuthi sasili- kuphela ibhaxa, kodwa kwafika oda kusuka phezulu. By the way, ngesikhathi "Lapho esededelwe," umbhali waya kwegazi enye yezindaba zakhe engcono. Yena wawuhlotshiswe umbhalo ikhava ezihlobene nokubhalwa kwencwadi ngayinye, "Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev" Bezhin edlelweni. "

Ngemva kokukhululwa, umbhali waya ekudingisweni edolobhaneni Spassky. Wachitha khona cishe esigamwini sonyaka. Ekuqaleni, akazange avumele lutho ukuba ugqozi kuye: futhi ukuzingela noma lokusungula. Wabhala kancane kakhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku izincwadi Ivan Sergeyevich wavama izikhalazo nesizungu futhi ecela isikhashana ukuza kuye. Wacela abafowethu e-izikebhe ukumbona, ngoba ngaba nomuzwa wokuthi nidinga ukuxhumana. Kodwa kwakukhona izinto ezinhle. Njengoba etafuleni ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo ngobuhlakani Turgenev, kwaba ngaleso sikhathi umbhali wakhulelwa umbono yokuloba "Obaba and Sons." Ake sixoxe ngalokhu umsebenzi wobuciko.

"Obaba and Sons"

Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i-1862, le noveli kubange eshubile kakhulu lapho abafundi abaningi awakholelwa Turgenev mva. Le mpikiswano bethukile umbhali. Wayekholelwa ukuthi akabange akwazi ukuthola nokuqonda mutual abafundi abasha. Futhi empeleni yalotshelwa umkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile, izikhathi ezinzima wazibonela lokusungula Turgenev. "Obaba and Sons" babe imbangela. Njengoba ekuqaleni kwawo ngokubhala umsebenzi, Ivan Sergeyevich bangabaza ubizo lakhe siqu.

Ngalesi sikhathi waliloba noveli "Ghosts", eliveza kahle imicabango yakhe futhi ukungabaza. Turgenev wagomela ukuthi umcabango etemibhalo namandla phambi izimfihlo ukwazi abantu. Futhi endabeni "Kuhle" ngokuvamile wangabaza ukuthela umsebenzi ngamunye ukuze kuzuze umphakathi. Ethonya sasithinta Ivan Sergeyevich ayisekho obakhathalelayo impumelelo umphakathi, futhi waba ecabanga ekupheleni umsebenzi lwembhali. Shintsha ingqondo yakho Turgenev wasiza umsebenzi Pushkin. Ivan Sergeyevich ukufunda agumenti kwemibono imbongi enkulu ngokuphathelene umphakathi: "Akukhona njalo, abaningi emaceleni, futhi kuncike yemfashini. Kodwa imbongi kweqiniso njalo ekhuluma nezilaleli zakho, wamupha ukudalelwa. umsebenzi wayo - ukuvusa imizwa okuhle kuye '.

isiphetho

Sesihlole impilo futhi ukusebenza ku-internet Ivana Sergeevicha Turgeneva. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iRussia kwashintsha kakhulu. Zonke kungenzeka ukuthi kwakukhona nomlobi usimisile imisebenzi yakhe ongaphambili, kwesokunxele esikhathini eside esadlulako. Alisekho iningi Manor izigodi esitholakala emakhasini imisebenzi kombhali. Futhi isihloko kulendawo okubi futhi izikhulu ayisekho has a exigencies nomphakathi. Futhi emzaneni Russian manje ehluke ngokuphelele.

Noma kunjalo, isiphetho amaqhawe sikhathi uqhubeke ukuze ajabulise kumfundi wanamuhla nesithakazelo esiqotho. It kuvela ukuthi konke uyazondwa Ivan Sergeyevich futhi unenzondo kithi. Futhi lokho ngimbona kuhle kangakanani enjalo, futhi kusukela umbono wethu. Yiqiniso, asikwazi uvumelana umbhali, kodwa neze ubani bangase baphikise neqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi Turgenev iphelelwe isikhathi.