Kuyini into hydrophobic?

Abanye abantu lucky esikoleni i-chemistry izifundo ku hhayi kuphela boring ukubhala ukulawula kanye ukubala mass izinyo lomhlathi noma akhombise Valence, kodwa futhi ukubheka kanjani uthisha uqhuba ucwaningo. Njalo phakathi kohlaka ukuhlola sengathi ngemilingo uketshezi kule amashubhu akuqinisekile ushintsho umbala, noma yini enye ungase qhumisa noma ushise kamnandi. Mhlawumbe hhayi njengoba mihle, kodwa izinhlayiya namanje othakazelisayo, asebenzisa izinto hydrophilic futhi hydrophobic. By the way, kuyini nokuthi yini curious?

izakhiwo

Kwamakhemikhali ekilasini, edlulisa ingxenye elandelayo we ishadi lesikhathi, kanye zonke izinto eziyisisekelo, ngiyaqiniseka kwakukhona inkulumo mayelana nezici zabo ezahlukene. Kubandakanya ezithinta izakhiwo zabo ezingokwenyama: ukuminyana, isimo aggregate ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ukuncibilika futhi ukuvala abacaphuni, ubulukhuni, umbala, conductivity kagesi, conductivity ezishisayo, nabanye abaningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ngiyazibuza ukuthi asebenzelana ngayo izici ezifana hydrophobicity noma hydrophilicity, kodwa eceleni, njengoba umthetho, alisho. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuba impela iqembu ezithakazelisayo izinto engasetshenziswa kalula nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngakho kuyasiza ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nabo.

hydrophobe

Izibonelo kalula lisuswe ukuphila. Ngakho, awukwazi uhlanganise amanzi ngamafutha - ke kuzwakele kubo bonke. Imane akusho chaza, kodwa uhlala Bubbles elintantayo noma ifilimu phezu, ngoba kwabantu bayo ingaphansi. Kodwa kungani futhi yiziphi izinto hydrophobic ngaphezulu?

Ngokuvamile leli qembu zihlanganisa amafutha, abanye amaprotheni acid nucleic, kanye silicones. igama Into livela amazwi ngesiGreki hydor - amanzi Phobos - yokwesaba, kodwa akusho ukuthi amangqamuzana bayesaba. Vele, bayingcosana noma zingaxazululeki, bebizwa non-polar. hydrophobicity Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke kungenzeki, ngisho nalabo izinto okuyinto ezibonakala akasabeli ngamanzi, namanje ukukuqonda, noma e trace amanani. Ekusebenteni, oxhumana naye ukwaziswa okunjalo nge H ₂ O selivela ifilimu noma amaconsi, noma uketshezi uhlala phezu futhi kuthatha ifomu ibhola, ngoba kulencane kakhulu surface area futhi unikeze imininingwane omncane.

izakhiwo hydrophobic zichazwe by isakhiwo chemical izidakamizwa ehlukahlukene. Lokhu lihlotshaniswa Luhambo ongaphakeme ukuba amangqamuzana awuketshezi, njengoba kwenzeka, isibonelo, hydrocarbon.

izinto hydrophilic

Igama leli qembu, njengoba singase ukuqagela, futhi, livela amazwi ngesiGreki. Kodwa kulokhu, ingxenye philia yesibili - uthando, futhi ngokuphelele ephawula ubuhlobo yalezi izinto ukuze amanzi - "ukuqonda" ephelele kanye solubility okukhulu. Kuleli qembu, Kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa "polar" zihlanganisa alcohols elula, ushukela, ama-amino acid kanye nokunye. D. Ngakho, abanakho kulezi zici ngoba banayo okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla ukhangwa molecule yamanzi. Empeleni, eqinisweni, umangalela zonke izinto kukhona hydrophilic ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane.

amphiphilic

Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi imfuyo hydrophobic angase abe kokubili hydrophilic futhi izakhiwo? It kuvela, yebo! Leli qembu izithako okuthiwa diphilic noma amphiphilic. It kuvela ukuthi omunye futhi engqamuzaneni esifanayo okungenzeka unayo ekuphimiseni oyiyo njengoba encibilikayo - polar namanzi-oxosha - izakhi nonpolar. izakhiwo ezinjalo, isibonelo, ifa amaprotheni ezithile, lipids, surfactants, polymers, futhi peptides. Ukuxhumana amanzi akha izakhiwo ezahlukene supramolecular: monolayers, liposomes, micelles, bilayer ulwelwesi, vesicles, njll Amaqembu polar kuleli cala kuthambekele ketshezi ...

Meaning futhi isicelo empilweni

Ngaphezu nokuxhumana amanzi namafutha, kungatholakala eziningi ubufakazi bokuthi izinto hydrophobic atholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ngakho, ehlwengekileko of izinsimbi, Semiconductors, futhi ngesikhumba sesilwane, izitshalo amahlamvu, ikhava chitin sezinambuzane babe izakhiwo efanayo.

Emvelweni, zombili izinhlobo zezakhi kubalulekile. Ngakho, hydrophiles esetshenziswa ukuthutha izakhi e izilwane kanye nezitshalo, imikhiqizo ekupheleni umzimba nazo ukuboniswa necebo eziwuketshezi begazi. izinto Non-polar abanalo ukubaluleka ezinkulu kwetinhlavu cell ulwelwesi ne permeability zikhethe. Yingakho lezi izakhiwo ukudlala indima ebalulekile izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi bayatfutfuka izinto ezintsha hydrophobic nge ongavikela ngazo ezihlukahlukene izinto kusukela ogelezayo nokumanzisa nokungcola, ngaleyo ndlela ngisho self-yokuhlanza evele. Nezingubo, imikhiqizo metal, zokwakha, imoto ingilazi - izicelo eziningi. cwaningo ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngale ndaba kuzoholela ekuthuthukiseni izinto multifobnyh, okuzokwenza ube isisekelo evele ukungcola-oxosha. Ngokwakha izinto ezinjalo, abantu ungagcina isikhathi, imali kanye nezinsiza, futhi uyokwazi ukwehlisa kwemvelo ukungcola zokuhlanza. Ngakho ukuthi ukuqhubeka uyozuzisa sonke.