Izinhlobo dysgraphia futhi dyslexia

Dysgraphia - kuba uhlobo kokunikezwa kwe-incwadi. Senzeka kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Akubona bonke abazali bazi ukuthi yini izinhlobo dysgraphia futhi libhekene isifo. Yingakho, sibhekene ukuhlukumeza ethile incwadi, bathatha ke ngaphesheya amaphutha evamile futhi wamthethisa ingane for engazi nemithetho isipelingi kwamagama athile. Kunconywa ukuba pre-bajwayelane izici of dysgraphia, okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi sihloko. Lokhu kuzovumela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuxilonga ukuhlukumeza kanye ayibulale.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana dysgraphia kanye izimbangela zezifo

Dysgraphia - ukuhlukumeza ethile incwadi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka izingane. Izinhlobo dysgraphia, okungase kwenzeke ezinganeni, libhekene nezinkinga kahle emakhono ekubhala. Lesi sifo kwenzeka ingane nge ukuthuthukiswa evamile intelligence. Abazali abaningi musa Ngokushesha uyaqaphela ukuthi ingane ukuphula umthetho samanje. Aye ahambe ke ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi.

Ukwephulwa (zonke izinhlobo dysgraphia) ingekho bebodwa. Kungase kuhambisane nezinye izifo. Lezi zihlanganisa i-dyslexia, le lentuthuko jikelele yokukhuluma, noma retardation engqondo. Ingane nge dysgraphia enze amaphutha afanayo. Kulindeleke ukuthi hhayi owakheke ngokugcwele umsebenzi ephakeme engqondo, okuyinto ehilelekile nohlelo lokubhala. Izinhlobo dysgraphia, okuyizinto zenzeka izingane, ukuze ibanike eziningi izinkinga, ngenxa okuyinto kunzima kahle ulimi olubhalwayo. Ingane lesi sifo akulula ukufundisa ukufunda.

Imbangela sifo kunzima ukukhomba ngokwanele. Ukwakheka kuhlukumeza kuthintwa izinto eziningi. Omunye wabo kungaba nentuthuko engalingani hemispheres palsy. Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlobo dysgraphia futhi dyslexia uvuke yofuzo. ukuhlukumeza okunjalo futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinganeni abahlala emindenini ekhuluma izilimi ezimbili.

izimbangela Akwaziwa izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi:

1. Izinga eliphansi intelligence. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuze bafunde ukufunda nokubhala, ingane kumele okungenani ezingeni isilinganiso ukuthuthukiswa. Kungenjalo, ungase ube nobunzima nge bezibona inkulumo futhi ukukhumbula izinhlamvu ngokubhala.
2. Ubunzima nge asungula ukulandelana. Kulokhu, ingane ayikwazi ukuqonda indawo efanele izinhlamvu izwi. Yena noma ubhala kancane futhi ngendlela efanele, noma ngokushesha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ivumela eziningi amaphutha.
3. Asikwazi ukucubungula esizibonayo. Kulokhu, ingane kunzima ukufunda. Akakwazi ngokushesha lokho akubonayo.

Ngokuvamile izinhlobo dysgraphia (neuropsychology ukukhuluma ngawo) zenzeka yizingane ezinabazali sebeqala ukufunda ukufunda, nabakhi bezindawo abanaki imithelela unpreparedness yabo ngokwengqondo. kungase zimiswe Ukwephulwa kusukela nokulimala engqondweni. Lesi sifo nakho kungaba azalwa nako. Ngokuvamile izimbangela akunakubangelwa vagueness futhi incorrectness kwenkulumo yabanye.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko dysgraphia amaphutha futhi kungenzeka abadala. Ukwephulwa kungenzeka emva ukudluliswa kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni, unhlangothi, futhi ukuhlinza ezithile.

Dyslexia. ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ezimweni eziningi, ngaphezu ingane has dysgraphia dyslexia. Lesi sifo libhekene ukwephulwa ukukhetha ikhono lokukwazi ukuzibonisa ngokugcwele amakhono okufunda nokubhala, ngenkathi sigcina ikhono lokufunda. It has a umsuka zezinzwa.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi abazali uhlole ingane ngoba khona-dyslexia ngaphambi kokuba uqale esikoleni. Izimpawu zalokhu isifo akunakubangelwa ukufunda kancane permutation izinhlamvu. ukuvakashelwa Kuyisibopho ukuba nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma Kunconywa zonke izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala.

Dyslexia, kanye dysgraphia kwenzeka ngenxa nentuthuko engalingani hemispheres palsy. Ngamunye, lokho kwephula abumane. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo dyslexia:

• lwemisindvo;
• semantic;
• agrammaticheskaya;
• optical;
• ngekhanda.

Umuntu ine-dyslexia, kulula ukuba aqaphele. Njengomthetho, ke kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ukuqagela ngokufunda nobunzima ukuphinda ulande, eziningi amaphutha uma yokukopisha, a esijulile umuzwa tebuciko kanye nobuhlungu. Abantu abanale dyslexia, kuyinto engavamile ngempela lokubhala babambelela izinto. Uma ingane yakho ine okungenani oyedwa uphawu, kutuswa ukusebenzisa kusenesikhathi kuchwepheshe.

Iqembu lezingane abanemizimba dysgraphia

Leseluhleni ekhatsi lesi sihloko hlobo of bonakaliso dysgraphia sikwazi abazali ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthola ukuhlukumeza e ingane yabo. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi izingane ezisengozini enkulu lesi sifo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi dysgraphia ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinganeni ababhala ngesandla sobunxele. Nokho, akudingekile ukuba uqeqeshe lefties. Izingane ezine-sobunxele kuholela, kodwa ukubhala ilungelo ngenxa isifiso abazali, futhi, babhekana dysgraphia. Basengozini.

Njengoba izinkinga futhi kungaphazamisa kwebantfwana labavela emindenini ekhuluma izilimi ezimbili. Njengoba ojwayelekile, nzima kubo ukujwayela kahle ukuhlola okungenani ulimi olulodwa kulezi. Amathuba isifo kwandisa uma ingane yakho, kunezinye nenkinga ngenkulumo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ingane nge kahle bezibona ifonotiki kuphakama dysgraphia. Yingakho lezi zingane zisengozini. Njengomthetho, bona ukudida izincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, bhala "com" esikhundleni "ikhaya." Bangaphinde mispronounce amazwi ngiyilobe kahle.

Izimpawu dysgraphia

Izinhlobo dysgraphia at besikole abasebasha izibonelo akwaziwa bonke abazali. Lesi sifo akuvamile uthi nodokotela bezingane. Yingakho abazali ongenalwazi awazi iningi khona ukwephulwa ezinjalo. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ekuhlonzweni yanoma yimuphi isifo angabhekana ngayo-ke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Dysgraphia libhekene amaphutha ejwayelekile futhi iyisicefe ngesikhathi ubhala. Basuke akuhlobene zokungazi nemithetho isipelingi. Amaphutha zinezikhathi ukufuduka noma esikhundleni izincwadi. Kukhona kungukuphula isakhiwo alpha-syllabic zezwi.

Omunye izimpawu kuyinto wesandla illegible. Kulokhu, lezi zincwadi yokuphakama ezahlukene kanye enyakazayo. Zingabonisa ngenhla noma ngezansi uhlu.

Ezinye izinhlobo dysgraphia nesiphambeko uhlamvu bungabonakala ukuphazamiseka yokukhuluma. Iqukethe amaphutha efanayo encwadini. Kukhona esikhundleni kaningi ezincwadini isisekelo efanayo ifonotiki. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekukhulumeni division yamagama ku amaqoqo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni, kanye iziphakamiso izwi.

Izimpawu dysgraphia sihlanganisa khona izincwadi ezintsha emazwini, noma ukungabi khona eziyimpumelelo. Lezi izimpawu ezivamile phakathi zesikole. Kungase kube khona amacala Nokwehla ayilungile, izizukulwane nezinombolo. Lezi izimpawu zenzeka laphi unformed.

Izimpawu dysgraphia lihlanganise kwalokho yamagama izakhi engadingekile. Umuntu nale nkinga ukuphazamiseka esithinta izinzwa, kahle futhi kwehle ukuqapha. izingane ezinjalo kubi ngokwanele ukukhumbula ulwazi. Ingase futhi kumelwe kugujwe izincwadi ngokubhala esibukweni.

Ukuxilongwa izinhlobo ezahlukene dysgraphia. Izimpawu zesifo, okungase self-akubheke

Icacisa uhlobo dysgraphia - kuyinqubo nzima. Njengoba ojwayelekile, bathola lesi sifo kungaba onguchwepheshe. I ngaphambili it is zingatholakalanga kubalula ayibulale.

Nezici ezithile ukuze dysgraphia isethwe ku izingane zasenkulisa iminyaka 3-5 ubudala. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngihlolwa, esidingeka yokwemukela isikhungo sakho semfundo. Xilonga osuvele ukhona, sobala noma okucacile isifo kungaba ngokuphelele ibuphi ubudala.

Ukuxilongwa dysgraphia kuyadingeka ukuze Ukukhetha sokwelashwa ukulungiswa. Uchwepheshe kufanele iphathwe kwenzeka ukuthi ingane uyazi yonke imithetho isipelingi, kodwa namanje abantu bayawenza amaphutha. Sifo futhi badinga ukuchitha, uma umfundi sihamba lapho ngokubhala izincwadi futhi uthatha indawo yabo ngawo nabanye.

Ukuxilonga kanye nezifundiswa ukusebenzisa amakhadi izwi. Siyabonga kubo, ungakwazi ukuqhuba ukuhlolisisa okugcwele ukucacisa khona isiguli on the izinhlobo dysgraphia Lalaeva. Ikhadi izwi liyadingeka ukuze ucacise yonke idatha mayelana ingane kanye nentuthuko yayo.

Kukhona izimpawu dysgraphia, abazali abangalingisa ukuxilonga ukugula ngengqondo siqu wengane. Kubalulekile ukwazi kubo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze uqale ukulungisa lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, dysgraphia lapho ingane yakho has a lot of amaphutha. Lezi akuzona zonke izingane eziphathwa ukuhlukanisa izinhlamvu ezilandelayo:

• "L" futhi "R";
• "Z" futhi "E".

Babebona wesandla illegible. Ngaphansi ezitholwe yalezi zingane ukubhala kunalokho kancane. Abazali ngokuvamile abaqapheli ukuthi ingane ukuphula umthetho samanje. Bona sola kuye ngenxa yobudedengu bakhe nokungazi. Bakholelwa ukuthi lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana zokungazimiseli ukufunda. Othisha bawendlale abafundi ezifundweni zabo zesikole, nokucindezela usulu. Yingakho abazali aphoqelelwe ukuba pre-bajwayelane izimpawu ngalesi sifo, ukuze ukwazi indlela okufanele siziphathe ngayo uma ukutholakala.

Lo mntwana kunzima ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Kuba okuphazamisayo. Lezi bafundzi bacala onkom 'idla yodwa futhi weqe amakilasi. Kufundza nekubhala engalethi kubo ubumnandi.

izinhlobonhlobo dysgraphia

Kunezinhlobo eziningana dysgraphia. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziseqhulwini:

• acoustic;
• agrammatichesky;
• articulatory-acoustic;
• optical;
• motor.

Nokho, zikhona nezinye zinhlobo zokuphula umthetho. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe ukuchaza izinhlobo dysgraphia ngesikhathi izingane zesikole abasebasha Lalaeva.

RI Lalaeva lukhombisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuphula umthetho. Kwakumelwe systematized futhi wafundelwa uMnyango kokwelashwa waseHerzen waseHerzen, lapho Raisa wasebenza. Doctor semfundo ikhomba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo dysgraphia:

• articulatory-acoustic;
• ukwephulwa kokubonwa lwemisindvo;
• agrammaticheskaya;
• optical;
• ukwephulwa ekucwaningweni kolimi.

Lolu hlu isetshenziswa ochwepheshe we ezivame kakhulu.

Izazi eziningi ziye wafundelwa futhi athuthukiswe izinhlobo yabo dysgraphia. Nokho, abazange babe impumelelo.

Incazelo izinhlobo dysgraphia

Izinhlobo dysgraphia Lalaeva esetshenziswa Ochwepheshe avame. Lesi sihloko sichaza zonke izinhlobo, akhiwa uMnyango kokwelashwa RGPU.

Ngokuvamile okutholakala izingane kuyinto articulatory-acoustic dysgraphia. Kulokhu, ingane ubhala njengoba ekhuluma. Kusekelwe reflection on the mispronunciation incwadi. Ngokuvamile, ingane imigqomo izinhlamvu esikhundleni sawo kwabanye. amaphutha ngokuvamile ahlale phezu incwadi ngemva kwenkulumo ukulungiswa.

Lapho articulatory-acoustic dysgraphia amaphutha akuzona njalo khona incwadi. Kwezinye izimo, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya izinhlamvu futhi esikhundleni sabo kuyagcinwa kuphela olimini olukhulunywayo.

Izingane ngokuvamile indawo enkulumweni ebhaliwe umsindo kuphelelwa umfutho, "P", "T", "W" "B", "D", "F". Okuvamise indawo kanye nento encimfelwayo at amakhwela. Kulokhu, esikhundleni "F", "W" ingane ithi "Z", "C".

Izinhlobo izibonelo dysgraphia zazo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, ukuvumela abazali inkulumo abelaphi ukukhetha ukulungiswa ezifanele ukuphula umthetho. Imbangela yale isifo ngesisekelo ukuhlaziywa ulimi futhi zamagama iziyaluyalu - nobunzima sokuhlukanisa imisho ngamagama. Ngo izingane dysgraphia ezifana izinkinga division yamagama ku amaqoqo ezinhlamvu nemisindo. Kulokhu, ingane ikhumbule onkamisa, ongwaqa, futhi kukhona tho isipelingi.

dysgraphia ivamile futhi acoustic (ukwephulwa kokubonwa lwemisindvo). Lolu hlobo ukwephulwa libhekene esikhundleni izinhlamvu izici ezifanayo ifonotiki ( "iZihlobo Zasehlathini" - "impungushe"). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yokubiza ilungile. Ngokuvamile sithathelwe indawo izinhlamvu ebonisa imisindo elandelayo: h t, h ^ nabanye.

Acoustic dysgraphia umbono livela isiqu engalungile ongwaqa ezithambile ngokubhala ( "Pismo", "lubit"). articulatory kakhulu nemisindo acoustic kungenziwa exutshwe ezimweni ezinzima. Izinhlobo dysgraphia acoustic nkinga ivame kakhulu izingane zasenkulisa.

Olunye uhlobo dysgraphia - agrammatichesky. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso hypoplasia we kolimi yokukhuluma. Lolu hlobo kuzibonakalisa ezingeni lamagama, amabinzana, imisho noma umbhalo. Kulokhu, zikhona nobunzima ekusunguleni uxhumano okunengqondo namalimi phakathi imisho ngolimi ebhaliwe izingane. ukulandelana wabo akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi uqondane ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ezichazwe. Kungaphindze kube netikhatsi ukumiselelwa ticalo netijobelelo ( "odla izindwani" - "nahlestnula").

Kukhona dysgraphia optical. Kulokhu, ingane ayikwazi ukubhala incwadi ehlukile. Lokhu kungenxa ukungasiqondi isakhiwo sabo. Incwadi ngayinye yakhiwa izakhi ngabanye. Ingane nge dysgraphia optical bangaqondi inqubo uxhumano yabo kanye nemisebenti yekubhala.

Kukhona uhlobo okuxubile dysgraphia. Kuyini ungathola ku-athikili yethu. Dysgraphia uhlobo okuxubile sitholakale lapho isiguli samanje izinhlobo eziningana izifo. Ukuze balahle ukuhlukumeza okunjalo kunzima. Ngaphandle kosizo onguchwepheshe lubaluleke.

ukwelashwa dysgraphia Uchwepheshe

Kwezinye izimo ukuchitha wamthethisa ingane ngoba amaphutha amagama nekukhuluma. Abazali bakhuthazwa ukuba pre-uhlole lokho dysgraphia. Kungenzeka ukuthi amaphutha awahlobene ne zokungazimiseli bafunde, kodwa ukuhlukumeza. Ukuze ayibulale, kudingeka ancike uchwepheshe abanolwazi, nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma.

inqubo Dysgraphia ukulungiswa ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Nokho, ngaphandle-ke, ngeshwa, akwanele. Dysgraphia njalo elihlobene ne ukuthuthukiswa ezilimele sezakhiwo ingqondo. Ngokuvamile imithi izingane kunikezelwe. Ngeshwa, iphilisi elilodwa ngeke ulungise isimo. Ingxenye esemqoka ukulungiswa senzeka ekilasini kusukela nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma.

ezibalulekile ngokwanele ukunikeza nesondlo. Ngo inqubo Oqondisa abazali kumelwe futhi iqhaza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi avame is iphula kweminyaka eyi 8-10. Ngalesi sikhathi ingane ingahlaziya ngokugcwele inkulumo nokuqopha ke. izinhlobo ezahlukene umzimba ukuqeda dysgraphia (Libanga 5) ungathola ku-athikili yethu. Badinga ukwenza nengane ekhaya njalo.

Izingane nge dysgraphia sizibonele ngenxa yezinkinga zayo. Ziyakwazi besaba ukuthi bazokwenza amaphutha. Yingakho badlala truant futhi anqikaze yenza umsebenzi wesikole. Abazali kufanele aphathe lokhu ingane ngokuqonda futhi abalokothi angithethise kuye.

Ukuze uqale ulungise ingane, inkulumo Umeluleki kuyadingeka ukuxilonga izifo futhi ukunquma ukubukeka kwayo. Ngenxa yalesi, njengoba sishilo phambilini, uchwepheshe wasebenzisa ikhadi inkulumo. Kufanele ugcwalise izikhala namakhono engane.

Ngemva ukulungiswa Yiqiniso isiguli kudingeka ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa. Odokotela linqume ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, massage and hydrotherapy.

Cishe njalo izingane dysgraphia kukhona inkumbulo ezinhle ezibukwayo. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenziseni ukulungiswa iphutha ukungasebenzi kahle. amakhono yengane ngcono. Wavele uyolungisa amaphutha embhalweni ngokuzenzakalelayo.

ukwelashwa dysgraphia kumele kwentiwe ezenza ingane. Ekilasini, kufanele imizwelo eyakhayo kuphela. Kunoma ikuphi ke kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa kuso futhi enze izwi umbhalo kabusha kambalwa. Le nqubo kungabangela ubutha futhi zokungazimiseli ukurekhoda lutho.

Inkulumo therapist abazali noma kunjalo akufanele libonise Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokuthi lesi sifo. Akumelwe sikhohlwe sidumise ingane yakho ngoba ngisho yimpumelelo ezincane.

Bonisa ukulungisa dysgraphia futhi dyslexia

Izinhlobo umzimba ukuqeda dysgraphia (Libanga 5) kanye nokuqaliswa zabo - kuyinto isigaba ebalulekile inqubo ukususa ukuhlukumeza. Kunconywa ukuba asebenze ngabo nengane yakho nsuku zonke. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba balahle dysgraphia futhi dyslexia e esikhathini esifishane.

Zikhona izindlela eziningi kanye umzimba ezikuvumela balahle ukwephulwa zibhalwe futhi ukukhuluma. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe batusa ingane ukugcizelela izinhlamvu eziyinkinga.

Ukuqeda dysgraphia Kunconywa ukusebenza izithombe ezikhethekile. Nikeza ingane isithombe elikhona nodaba kanye nesakhiwo izwi. umfundi Okokuqala kumele yisho isihloko, bese bhala yonke imisindo ngamunye ngamunye.

Izingane ne-dyslexia kanye dysgraphia bayamenywa ukuba benze umsebenzi, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto ukufaka izinhlamvu ezingekho ngamagama. Khona-ke umntwana kuyodingeka ukuba leli gama lifundwe ngokuzwakalayo. Ochwepheshe batusa futhi ukuthi ngangokunokwenzeka ukubhala dictations. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kakhulu ukuthuthukisa amakhono okubhala.

Abafundisi nezazi eziningi Awaziwa izinhlobo dysgraphia, nokulungisa amakilasi zabo ezikhungweni zemfundo, njengoba umthetho, akuyona kwenziwe. Uma uthisha ekhononda ukusebenza ongaphakeme academic ingane, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ayilungile ufunda noma ubhala amagama, abazali kudingeka sinake ngenxa lolu daba kanye nokubonisana kuchwepheshe ukuze isifo.

Ukuqeda dysgraphia izingane ukuncoma ukuqeqesha motor amakhono yezandla usebenzisa labyrinths - umntwana ngamunye kudingeka udwebe umugqa unseparated. Abhekwa nentaba umsebenzi. Kulokhu, ingane idinga ngaphambi kokuba asuswe kusukela omningi walo incwadi umbhalo unikezwa.

efingqa

Dysgraphia - isifo libhekene iziyaluyalu ethize ngolimi ezibhaliwe. It is cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana dyslexia. Thola lezi zifo kunzima. Ngokuvamile, nabo abazali iphutha wengane zokuba angafuni ukufunda. Siyabonga-athikili yethu uzothola izinhlobo eziningi kanjani ka dysgraphia umi kokwelashwa yesimanje futhi kanjani they ebonakala. Lokhu kuzovumela noma ubani ofisa ukuhlukanisa kokunikezwa kwe-ulimi telulwimi lolukhulunywako kokukwazi.