Kuyini Globe? Umlando kanye nokusetshenziswa samanje Globes

Globe - linembile, kodwa kwanciphisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ikhophi kule planethi yethu. Ngaphandle kwale imodeli, kunzima ukucabanga isayensi ezifana geography. Globus "yasungulwa" ekhulwini xv, kodwa namuhla abantu abaningi elisetshenziswa ezinhlakeni ezahlukene ukuphila komuntu.

Kuyini Globe?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhadi ishadi isithombe wokuqala wavela surface eMhlabeni. Kunalokho, kwaba endaweni ukudweba, idwetshwa odongeni emhumeni. Globes uvele okuningi kamuva, lapho abantu baqaphela izinga iplanethi yethu futhi wathola ukuthi has simise eyindilinga.

Kuyini Globe? Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko le ndlela yesithombe ebusweni Zomhlaba?

Impendulo yombuzo "yini wonke 'Kufanele wazi umfundi ngamunye. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi lesiLatin elithi Globus kusho "ibhola." Ngakho, wonke - is ukukwazi indlela umfanekiso komhlaba, okuyinto kulondoloza ukuma weJiyomethri iplanethi yethu, kanye yonke imizila, izindawo kanye wabuka lezinto okuvezwayo. Lokuchazwa kuphela: konke lokhu encishisiwe izigidi izikhathi.

Kuqhathaniswa ibalazwe ezindawo yembulunga yonke kweqiniso komhlaba incane. Amazwekazi, olwandle, nasemachibini naseziqhingini kuso ukuwugcina ngokuphelele indawo yabo jikelele. Ngokufanayo, isicelo zonke izinto womhlaba ku wonke kusiza igridi degree ehlanganisa imigqa ka meridians futhi ukufana.

Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa imbulunga

I izakhiwo eyinhloko wonke kufanele sifake hlangana okulandelako:

• sphericity egcinwe Zomhlaba;
• It walilondoloza isikhundla isihlobo zezingongolo, izici ezifanayo kanye meridians;
• esikalini kuyafana kuto tonkhe tinhlangotsi imodeli;
• Umumo wabo bonke izingcezu phansi kungukuthi uhlanekezelwe.

Phakathi XVII-XVIII eminyaka Globes ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ezinqala, abahloli discoverers. Manje asetshenziswa kuphela yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni zemfundo (kaningi) umsebenzi. Globe esikoleni kuba kuyingxenye yanoma yimuphi iKhabhinethi geography.

Umlando wonke

Wonke endala, okuyinto liyalondolozwa kuze kube yilolu suku, sihlehlela emuva onyakeni ka-1492. It sidalwe Martin Behaim - usosayensi German kanye isihambi. Njengoba isizathu wathatha idatha lukaPtolemy futhi Toscanelli. Martin Behaim imbulunga kugcinwa emnyuziyamu eNuremberg. Njengoba Melika ngaleso sikhathi sasingakafiki uvulekele endaweni yayo Boeheim ukuboniswa emkhawulweni esempumalanga Asia, kanye iziqhingi eziningi non-akukho.

Nokho, wonke ngqa, ngokuvumelana Ukukhuluma ebhaliwe lasendulo senziwa iminyaka 1700 edlule. Umbhali wayo kwaba umfundi Aristotle - Greek sefilosofi Crathes. He qamba umfuziselo eyindilinga Zomhlaba, Nokho, okuyinto, akafinyeleli phansi izinsuku zethu. Kodwa ezinye izazi zefilosofi zasendulo ukuchaza ukuthi kwaba isithombe ezweni okuqinile, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine ngelesibili perpendicular intersecting emifuleni.

izinhlobonhlobo Globes

Ngokusho okuqukethwe kungaba jikelele Globes lwendawo (classical) noma thematic (okokugcina kwavela zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili). Ngokusho ubukhulu Globes ibhola ukuma:

• ezincane (cm-60 ububanzi);
• naphakathi (kusukela cm 60 120);
• Esikhulu (angaphezu kuka-120 cm ububanzi).

Ngaphezu kwalokho umhlaba, Globes futhi zikhona ezinye izinto ezisemkhathini sonozungezilanga (inyanga, i-Mars, Mercury ne t. D.), Futhi besibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi. imodeli eyisiyingi kuyiplanethi yethu kungabuye ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Kungenzeka epulasitiki, iphepha, ingilazi noma itshe.

isiphetho

Ngakho, liyini wonke? Manje ungakwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo kalula. Lokhu model of the Earth, kuba okuyinto ncamashi efanayo ezakheke, ngaphandle esishintsha kule ndawo futhi wabuka lezinto zonke izindawo ebusweni. Kukholakala ukuthi i-Globe lokuqala kakhulu uye wadala German isazi, uMartin Behaim ngo-1492. Nokho, umbhalo wokuqala obhekisela amathuluzi ezifanayo esukela emuva le yesithathu BC leminyaka.