Amandla kagesi e-Amazon, incazelo yalo

Amazon - kuyinto emfuleni nge ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngulona logeleta eNingizimu Melika. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola imodi amandla Amazon. It wavulwa European Francisco de Orellana, okwathi ngo-1542 sawela yezwekazi ingxenye libanzi khona kakhulu. Lapha, ngokuvumelana Francisco, Kanjeyana he akhe butho walwa yesizwe Amazons, ngakho umfula lethiwa. izazi-mlando zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba kwaba Indian abesifazane noma amaNdiya ngokwabo enezinwele ezinde.

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Amazon ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu ukuba emfuleni ejulile emhlabeni futhi lidlulisela ocean 20% umthamo isamba amanzi ahlanzekile. Amanzi ukugeleza sinamandla kangangokuba, ngokufaka i-Atlantic, lishintsha umbala usawoti yayo Ukwakheka namanje phezu angu-320. Imithombo eyinhloko amandla UMfula i-Amazon - kuyinto nemingenela yayo enyakatho (Hawari, Guallaga, Tokantin, Ucayali, Hingham, Hutagi, Rio Preto, teff, iMadeira, Purus futhi Aofi) futhi eningizimu (Maron, Trombetas, Santa, Uatuma, Pastatsa, Rio Negro Nalo, Japura, futhi Putumayo). inani lawo cishe 200, kwesigamu okuyinto imikhumbi. Indawo nemingenela e ama- ezahlukene kuchaza imifula ejulile njengoba izikhukhula zenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka: phezu nemingenela enyakatho - ngesikhathi sasehlobo e Nenkabazwe eningizimu (cishe ngo-October-April), phezu eningizimu - ngesikhathi sasehlobo aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe (April-Okthoba ). Ngakho, kuvela ukuthi umthombo Amazon River Amandla usigcwalisa amanzi unyaka wonke.

Basengozini yokuthi uma lina

Izimvula ziqale ngoNdasa uhambe izinyanga ezintathu (ngasekupheleni kuka-May). Eqinisweni, emvuleni - imithombo ebalulekile yesibili ukunikezela emva UMfula i-Amazon nemingenela. Ngaphansi kwethonya nezimvula ezinkulu kanye emfuleni ligcwala udla izindwani. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lamanzi ongasukuma by amamitha 20, okuholela amakhilomitha amaningi omakhelwane enezikhukhula. Ngezinye izikhathi uzamcolo luthatha izinsuku 120, ngemva kwalokho emfuleni zivame ukufiphala, kanye namabhange babuyela imingcele zabo zangaphambili.

esizalweni somfula i-Amazon

Umlomo lo mfula tropical lwakha delta esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yona ububanzi bayo ifinyelela 325 km. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi awusebenzi aphume ashone delta olwandle, njengabanye emifuleni, kodwa hlobo "sicindezelwe" ukujula. Cishe, lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi ukucindezela enamandla elawula ukuphakama kwamagagasi asolwandle. Ngokusho ofakazi, ngesikhathi amanzi ephakeme emlonyeni kwakhiwa kushaft aqueous, ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela ukuphakama 4 amamitha. Amandla wawungathi yakhe ngisho at ibanga 1000 km kusuka delta. Ukuxuba amanzi asolwandle ne emfuleni emdonsa emlonyeni ushaka, okuyinto uyovuka emfuleni futhi kukhona ngisho at ibanga 3500 km olwandle.

Izimila nezilwane ase-Amazon

Imvula umthombo Amazon River Amandla ibaluleke kakhulu ihlathi lemvula eduze, ngoba amanzi - kuba ngesisekelo ekuphileni akuzona izitshalo kuphela, kodwa futhi izilwane. Kukhona njalo sezulu esitebeleni efudumele (lokushisa 25-28ºS ebusuku akuyona ngaphansana 20 ° C), ngibonga kule lapha omkhulu ezihlukahlukene izitshalo nezilwane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi% 30 kuphela nezilwane wafunda kuze kube manje - kuka 1,800 zezinyoni, 1500 izinhlanzi, 250 zezilwane ezincelisayo. Kuyinto ikhaya enjalo izilwane ezingavamile njengoba Anaconda, i-jaguar, boa, tapir, dolphin angenasawoti, spider monkey, Cayman ingwenya, ubuvila, armadillo. Phakathi izinyoni edume kunazo abhekwa hummingbird, umkholwane, izinhlobo eziningi zopholi. Njengoba for izinambuzane, basuke nje njengenkulumo: izimvemvane wedwa, kuka 1,800 zama-omiyane - izinhlanzi ezingaphezu kuka-200 ethulwa piranha, tukunare, pirarucu, piraiba nabanye.

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi amandla Amazon ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokusebenzisa nemingenela yayo eminingi, kanye ngenxa yemvula. Lokhu emfuleni omkhulu othwala isitokwe eningi ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile, okuyinto ibaluleke kakhulu eNingizimu Melika.